Altay region is rich in tourism resources and has great potential for development and utilization.
1. Overview of tourism resources
According to the national standard "Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources" (GB/T18972-2113), the tourism resources in Altay are divided into 8 main categories, 31 subcategories and 81 basic types. The main category, sub-category and basic type of tourism resources in Altay region account for 111%, 83.87% and 51.61% of the national tourism resources types respectively. The subcategory of tourism resources representing macro-structure belongs to the rich level, and the basic type of tourism resources representing the fine level belongs to the upper-middle level.
1. Overall evaluation of tourism resources
Altay region has superior tourism resources. There are 2 national nature reserves, 4 land open ports, grassland historical and cultural heritage represented by Altai Mountain rock paintings, Mongolian Tuwa culture and so on. It has the resource conditions to build a world-class and national tourism destination.
1) Natural tourism resources with world-class taste. The alpine scenery, glaciers, snow ridges, lakes, hot springs and rare wild animals and plants in Altay Mountain area, represented by Kanas, have the resource conditions and foundation to develop Altay area into a national tourism attractive tourism product.
2) Historical and cultural tourism resources are unique. The rock paintings, stone carvings, ancient sarcophagus tombs and rich grassland cultural customs in Altay region have unique regional characteristics.
3) The special landform formed in the arid natural environment in the south of Altay region constitutes the foundation of landscape tourism resources. The landscape of Gurbantonggut desert is typical of Yadan landform of colorful city in Fuyun County, which developed in arid environment.
4) It has the conditions for developing wildlife sightseeing. The flat and vast Junggar Basin and Kalamaili ungulate nature reserve are important habitats for wild animals and have favorable conditions for developing characteristic sightseeing. Beaver Nature Reserve located in qing he, Altay region, is the only beaver nature reserve in China. Beaver, a rare animal in the world, is known as "living fossil".
The evaluation of 339 tourism resources surveyed in Altay shows that four of them have reached the best level, namely Kanas Lake, Cocotohai Lake, Irtysh River and No.3 Mine, accounting for 1.18% of the survey; There are 179 excellent grades, accounting for 25.81%; There are 161 ordinary classes, accounting for 47.21%. The level of tourism resources is relatively high.
2. Evaluation of tourism resources by type
According to seven types of tourism resources, such as eco-tourism resources, border tourism resources and scientific research and popular science tourism resources, the evaluation is made.
(1) There are abundant ecotourism resources
Altay, Xinjiang has national Kanas Nature Reserve, autonomous region-level ungulate animal reserve in Karamaili Mountain, autonomous region-level Bourgen Beaver Nature Reserve, Quintas Grassland Nature Reserve, Kekesu Wetland Nature Reserve, and Liangheyuan Natural Ecological Reserve.
Kanas Nature Reserve is a comprehensive nature reserve, covering an area of 558,811 hectares. Its main protection targets are the flora and natural landscape of Siberia. Kanas Lake Scenic Area includes Kanas Lake, Shuanghu Qianhu Lake, Youyifeng Glacier, Baihaba Village and Hemu Hanas Village, three Tuwa primitive villages. Kanas is a scenic spot with the strongest attraction, the highest taste and the best combination in Altay region, and it is also a brand tourism resource in Altay region. The original ecological environment of the valley forest from Keketuohai in Fuyun County to the source of Irtysh River, Diequan Valley in Fuhai County and Alashan Hot Springs is typical, which has the conditions for developing eco-tourism.
(2) Altay region has unique conditions for transnational tourism and border trade tourism in border minority areas
In recent years, the border tourism resources in Altay region have been gradually developed and utilized. Altay region borders Russia and Mongolia in the northeast and Kazakhstan in the west, which has a good geographical advantage. The 6 counties and 1 cities under its jurisdiction are all open cities and counties, and there are 4 ports open to the outside world, which has initially formed the embryonic form of border trade tourism development. Kanas Port, the only port in western China that can be directly opened to Russia, is under planning and construction.
Generally speaking, land border crossings have two functions: one is political and military function, and the other is economic and cultural exchange function. The economic and cultural exchange function of China's land border is in a dominant position at this stage. There are 12 nature reserves in China, Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan in the Altai region, among which one in Russia is applying for world natural heritage. The cooperation and joint development of the "four countries and six parties" in the Altai region is conducive to the development of transnational tourism and border trade tourism.
(3) Grassland nomadic culture is rich in tourism resources
The grassland culture in Altai region, represented by rock paintings, stone figures, ancient tombs, deer stones and "Grassland Silk Road" and "golden road", is well-known at home and abroad, mainly including Sandaozizi Stone Grave in qing he, Shibakule Deer Stone and Tuluke Rock Paintings, Kiriko Ercek Tomb in Altay City, Dorate Rock Paintings, and Tangbala Rock Paintings in Fuyun County.
(4) There are abundant special and special tourism resources such as scientific exploration and popular science education
Altay region is rich in special tourism resources, among which Kanas Taigarin, Youyi Peak, Cocotohai mining area, Fuyun earthquake fault zone, silicified wood, dinosaur fossils and exploring the source of the Irtysh River are all important special tourism resources. Among them, the Keketuohai No.3 vein in Fuyun County has typical geological and metallogenic conditions and is known as the "World Museum of Geology and Minerals". Up to now, 86 minerals (including subspecies) such as lithium, beryllium, tantalum and niobium have been found in this vein, which is unique in China and rare in the world, and has great geological significance.
(5) The frontier ethnic customs and tourism resources are rich
Altay region is a place where many ethnic groups gather, including 13 ethnic groups such as Kazak, Han and Russian, with rich ethnic customs and profound national culture. There are three ethnic villages near Kanas in the region, which are little influenced by modern people. Tuwa people and Kazakh herders live there and have unique ethnic characteristics. From Habahe County to Ahetubek, there is a unique frontier scenery and ethnic customs. Hongshanzui Port in Fuhai County has been closed for four months in winter due to heavy snow, and the conditions are extremely difficult. The Hongshan Mouth Guard Station here is one of the most difficult border posts in China, and is known as the "Snow Mountain Island".
(6) Precious stones, strange stones and other products are abundant
The precious stones in Altay are famous all over the country. Altay City, Fuyun County and Fuhai County are rich in many kinds of precious stones, including 21 kinds of 9 categories, especially aquamarine, tourmaline and purple tooth tungsten. Fuyun and Habahe counties are two counties of gold. In addition, there are many strange stones in the Irtysh River valley in Fuyun County, which are good raw materials for handicrafts. All these are important shopping tourism resources in Altay region, which can develop high-grade tourism commodities.
(7) Excellent conditions for ice and snow tourism in winter
Altay region is endowed with unique ice and snow resources for winter tourism, which is the best area for developing ski tourism in the west, and has the resource conditions and advantages for building a ski sports base in the west of China. The Altai Mountains are characterized by diverse forms, broad, moderate slopes, good terrain, good environment, suitable altitude and temperature, etc. The wind is small in winter, and there are glaciers and snow ridges all year round. The average winter temperature in Altay region is 1 ~ 2℃, and the temperature is low, and the winter is long. In normal years, snow falls in the middle of October every year, and the snow begins to melt in the middle of April the following year, which is 21 ~ 31 days earlier than that in the northeast of China. At present, an international brand with "the earliest origin of human skiing" has been initially formed, and a series of Altay winter tourist routes and tourism activities have been developed and launched. Four consecutive ice and snow tourism activities have been successfully held, and various national alpine skiing competitions and ancient wool snowboarding competitions have been held.
second, the current situation of tourism development
in recent years, under the guidance of the national industrial policy, the tourism industry in Altay region has been highly valued by the leading departments at all levels in the autonomous region and the region, and various counties and cities have successively set up tourism bureaus and hired experts to carry out regional and county-level tourism development and layout planning. Altay region has invested a lot in tourism development in Kanas Lake, Xiaodonggou Forest Park, Alashan Hot Springs and Wulungu Lake in Fuhai County. For example, the tourism project of Kanas Scenic Area was listed as a key construction project by the Planning Commission of the Autonomous Region in 2111, with a total investment of 89 million yuan.
By the end of 2112, there were two national geoparks in Altay, namely Kanas National Geopark and Cocotohai National Geopark in Fuyun County. There are 2 national forest parks, namely Jiadengyu and Baihaba National Forest Park. There are 5 forest parks at the autonomous region level, namely Beitun, Fuyun Donggou, Jinshan Forest Park, Hualin Park and Raster Donggou. There are 2 national nature reserves, Kanas and Karamaili ungulates national nature reserves. There are 4 autonomous regions, namely Kosu Wetland, Two Rivers, Quintas Grassland and Bourgen Beaver Nature Reserve. There are 2 state-level cultural relics protection units, namely Erqieke Stone Tomb Group in Kiriko, Altay City, qing he Sandaohaizi Deer Stone Tomb Group, 15 at the autonomous region level, and 54 at the county (city) level. There are 6 national industrial and agricultural tourism demonstration sites.
The city has 13 A-level scenic spots, 4 national agricultural tourism demonstration sites, 197 agricultural (animal husbandry) hotels, 27 tourist hotels and 7 star-rated hotels, with a daily reception capacity of more than 4,111 people. There are 2 tour companies, 2 tour convoys, 25 travel agencies, 115 tourist goods stores, more than 511 special restaurants, 3 S-class ski resorts and more than 4,111 people in tourism professionals.
In recent years, Altay region has launched tourism brands such as "Golden Mountain Silver Water", "Kazak Folk Culture Concentrated Performance Place", "The Earliest Origin of Human Skiing" and "Kanas Tourism Distribution Center" in Xinjiang and even the whole country by holding a series of publicity activities such as the Summer of Golden Mountain and the Ice and Snow Scenery Tour, with the help of publicity and promotion platforms such as Wuqi Fair and Winter Expo, and inviting mainstream media inside and outside the region to collect views.
In p>2112, * * * in Altay received 4.75 million tourists from home and abroad, up by 19.5% over the previous year, and realized a tourism income of 3.585 billion yuan, up by 21.22%. Among them, Kanas Scenic Area received 632,911 tourists and realized a tourism income of 891 million yuan.
the tourism industry in Altay has developed rapidly. In 2112, the number of tourists and tourism income were 6.85 times and 14.21 times that of 2112 respectively. The number of tourists and tourism income in Kanas Scenic Area in 2115 were 1.11 times and 2.12 times that in 2112, respectively (Table 6-21).
table 6-21 changes in the number of tourists and income in Altay region from 2112 to 2112
iii. problems and suggestions in the development of tourism
(1) there are repeated constructions of tourism resources in Altay region, and there is a tendency of homogenization in the development of tourism resources
there are low-level and repeated development and construction problems in the development of tourism resources in Altay region and cities and counties, and there is a tendency of homogenization in the development of tourism resources. For example, the development of tourism resources such as Kanas Scenic Area and Halonggou Scenic Area in Cocoto Sea Scenic Area should clarify their different functional orientations. The status and taste of Cocoto Sea Scenic Area should be further improved to promote the tourism development in the eastern region. Haronggou Scenic Area combines the development trend of western tourism with Kanas Scenic Area as the leader, promotes its own development orientation, and forms a pattern of collaborative development with Kanas Scenic Area.
To actively respond to the transformation of tourism resources development mode in Altay region, it is necessary to scientifically analyze the target tourist market, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of tourism development and its competitiveness with homogeneous tourist destinations, so as to form a competitive tourism product system for differentiated target markets, realize differentiated development policies in different cities, counties and major scenic spots, strengthen division of labor and cooperation, and * * * build an all-season tourist destination in Altay region.
(2) The overall tourism pattern in Altay region has not yet been formed, and the tourism development model needs to be adjusted. Optimizing the tourism spatial pattern
The development of tourism in Altay region has changed from unipolar to multipolar, but there are some deviations in the overall thinking of tourism development, and the large tourism pattern has not yet been formed.
the regional tourism development model needs to be adjusted and optimized urgently. The current tourism resources development models in Altay region are mainly resource-oriented, market-oriented and product-oriented, and should be adjusted to image-oriented and industry-oriented in the future.
Altay region should enter the stage of building a regional tourism destination as soon as possible, build the whole region as a tourism destination, shape the overall tourism image and promote unified marketing.
From the perspective of shaping the tourism pattern in Altay region, it is necessary to change the limitation of the unique "polar core development model" in Kanas Scenic Area, develop the "point-axis development model", and promote the formation of the overall tourism pattern in Altay region. According to the overall development trend of tourism industry in Altay region, the core scenic spots should be scientifically determined, with Kanas and Keketuohai as the leaders and Sandaozhaizi, Wuzhi Springs, Alashan Hot Springs, Wulungu Lake, Halonggou, Baisha Lake, Shenshicheng and other key scenic spots playing a leading role. The development spatial pattern is composed of National Highway 216, 217 national highway, Altai Cultural Axis, Irtysh River Scenery Axis, Northwest Frontier Tour Axis and other tourism development axes. Through the core scenic spots and key scenic spots and the axis of tourism development, several scenic spots will be driven to adjust and optimize the spatial pattern of tourism in Altay region.
(3) There is a contradiction between extensive development and insufficiency in the development of tourism resources in Altay, and the degree of tourism product development is low and the structure is single
By the end of 2119, some high-quality tourism resources in Altay were extensively developed and left idle. For example, Coco Tuohai Scenic Area, the development of tourism resources is relatively insufficient, and the development of scenic spots does not meet the big market demand. Tourism products mainly focus on sightseeing, with insufficient market influence, and a diversified and competitive tourism product system has not yet been formed.
The development of high-quality tourism resources such as Sandaohaizi, Shenshicheng, Alashan Hot Springs and Halonggou is seriously insufficient, and even some tourism resources are idle.
Tourism products in Altay are mainly sightseeing products, while leisure and holiday tourism products are relatively insufficient, resulting in a single tourism product structure. The main tourism resources in Altay region are ecological, special and cultural tourism resources, among which the focus of development is sightseeing, and only a few leisure tourism and holiday tourism products have been developed, which can no longer meet the demand of domestic and foreign tourism markets for tourism products in Altay region.
(4) Due to the influence of extreme climatic conditions such as cold climate and the restriction of tourism development ideas, the market competitiveness is weak, and the development of winter tourism products needs to be strengthened.
Due to the relatively high latitude and altitude, the average temperature in Altay is below 1℃ from October to March of the following year. Due to the cold climate and the decline of tourism landscape conditions, Altay region has been in the off-season for more than six months throughout the year, resulting in idle tourism resources, facilities and human resources for nearly half of the time, and the utilization efficiency of tourism resources is low.
because Altay is located in the northwest border, far away from the main tourist market in the east of China, the market competitiveness is relatively weak, and limited by the idea of winter tourism development, the comprehensive advantages of winter tourism resources have not been effectively brought into play. At present, winter tourism products are mainly single entertainment.