Blockchain is an interlocking computing system, blockchain is an interlocking distributed computing system, blockchain is an interlocking computing system, and blockchain technology uses "blockchain data structure" to verify and store data.
What computing system is blockchain? What is the blockchain 1 computing system?
Blockchain is an interlocking distributed computing system; From the application point of view, blockchain is a distributed ledger and database, which has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, full traceability, traceability, collective maintenance and openness and transparency.
The running environment of this paper: windows7 system and Dell G3 computer.
Blockchain is an interlocking distributed computing system.
What is a blockchain?
From the perspective of science and technology, blockchain involves many scientific and technical issues, such as mathematics, cryptography, Internet and computer programming. From the application point of view, simply speaking, blockchain is a distributed account book and database, which has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, full traceability, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency. These characteristics ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain and lay the foundation for the blockchain to create trust. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically based on the fact that blockchain can solve the problem of information asymmetry and realize cooperation, trust and concerted action among multiple subjects.
Blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, knowledge mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks related by cryptography. Each data block contains a batch of information about bitcoin online transactions, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
In fact, the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper does not have the word blockchain, but uses blockchain. In the Chinese translation of the earliest bitcoin white paper [9], blockchain was translated into blockchain. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.
The National Internet Information Office issued the Regulations on the Management of Blockchain Information Services on 20 19 10, which came into effect on February 20 15.
As an important breakthrough in independent innovation of core technology, the security risk of blockchain is regarded as a major shortcoming that restricts the healthy development of the industry at present, and frequent security incidents have sounded the alarm for the industry. To embrace the blockchain, we need to accelerate the exploration and establishment of a security system that adapts to the blockchain technology mechanism.
type
Public blockchain
Public blockchain means that any individual or group in the world can send transactions, and transactions can be effectively confirmed by blockchain, and anyone can participate in its knowledge process. Volkswagen blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. Every virtual digital currency of Bitcoin series is based on an open blockchain, and there is only one blockchain in the world corresponding to this currency.
Joint (industrial) blockchain
Industry blockchain: a group designates multiple pre-selected nodes as bookkeepers, and the generation of each block is decided by all pre-selected nodes (pre-selected nodes participate in the * * * knowledge process). Other access nodes can participate in the transaction, but don't ask about the billing process (essentially just becoming distributed billing, preselecting the number of nodes, and how to determine the bookkeeper of each block to become the main risk point of the blockchain.
Private blockchain
Private blockchain: bookkeeping only uses the general ledger technology of blockchain. It can be a company or an individual, and it has the exclusive right to use the blockchain. This chain is not much different from other distributed storage schemes. Traditional finance wants to experiment with private blockchain, while the application of public chain, such as bitcoin, has been industrialized, and the application products of private chain are still being explored.
trait
Decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes self-checking, transmission and management of information through distributed charging and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and basic feature of blockchain.
The technical basis of open blockchain is open source code. Except for' the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted', the data of the blockchain is open to everyone, and anyone can query the data of the blockchain and develop related applications through an open interface, so the whole system information is highly transparent.
Independence. Based on the agreed specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm adopted by Bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not depend on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention.
Safe. As long as all data nodes of 5 1% cannot be controlled, network data cannot be manipulated and modified at will, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes.
Anonymity Unless there is a legal requirement, technically, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and the information transmission can be anonymous.
Blockchain is the interlocking function of blockchain in computing system 2.
1. Data storage in blockchain: blockchain data structure
In data storage, blockchain technology uses "blockchain data structure" to verify and store data. What does the blockchain structure mean? We can think of it as a chain, each link can be regarded as a building block, and many links are buckled together to form a blockchain.
The difference from ordinary stored data is that in the blockchain, the data in the latter block contains the data in the previous block.
2. Blockchain data update: distributed node identification algorithm.
In terms of data update, blockchain technology uses the "distributed node identification algorithm" to generate and update data.
Every time a new block is generated (that is, when the data is updated), it needs to be approved by more than 565,438+0% nodes in the whole network through an algorithm to form a new block. To put it bluntly, it is voting, and more than half of the people agree to generate it, which makes the data on the blockchain not be tampered with.
At this point, we can understand the blockchain as an account book that everyone can keep accounts, so the * * * algorithm is the accounting method that everyone discusses and votes.
3. Blockchain data maintenance: encryption
Blockchain uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and its applied cryptography principles mainly include hash algorithm, Merkle hash tree, elliptic curve algorithm, Base58 and so on. In fact, these principles ensure the data security on the blockchain through a series of complex operations and transformations.
4. Data operation of blockchain: smart contract
A smart contract is a commitment agreement defined by a computer program and automatically executed. To put it bluntly, it is a set of trading rules for code execution.
For example, if you buy coke at an automatic retail machine, click the buy button and a bottle of coke will automatically fall out for you after payment. The outstanding advantage of smart contract is that it largely avoids a series of problems brought by trust.
Second, the role of blockchain
From the definition of blockchain, it is not difficult to see that one of its major characteristics is trustworthiness, and the most important thing is that it also has the characteristics of decentralization, tamper resistance, traceability and anonymity.
These characteristics determine that it can be applied to many industries to solve the pain points of these industries and empower the real economy. This is why the blockchain is gradually recognized.
According to China Economic Net, Li Guanggan, a researcher at the Information Center of the State Council Development Research Center, said, "The application of blockchain in China has extended from the financial field to the physical field, such as electronic information depository, copyright management and trading, product traceability, digital asset trading, Internet of Things, intelligent manufacturing, supply chain management and other fields." Blockchain technology began to be deeply integrated with the real economy industry, forming a number of "industrial blockchain" projects, which ushered in the great era of "hundred flowers blossom" in industrial blockchain.
Next, let's cite several areas of blockchain application to help you understand the role of blockchain in our lives.
1, commodity traceability
In China, JD.COM, an e-commerce giant, and Ant Financial, a subsidiary of Ali, have made some achievements in the traceability of blockchain goods. E-commerce helps enterprises deploy security traceability by opening the blockchain service platform, which has been widely used in milk powder, health care products, rice and other products. In 20 18, "Shuang 1 1" achieved the traceability of more than/kloc-0.50 billion items in hundreds of countries and regions through blockchain.
2. E-government
Based on blockchain technology, it can solve the pain points faced by traditional e-government, and add government, finance, supervision and other institutions into the blockchain ecosystem to realize the * * * enjoyment of data. Based on the traceability of blockchain, data security can be guaranteed not to be tampered with; At the same time, because in the blockchain system, it is all nodes that maintain data security, making government affairs more open and transparent and convenient for supervision.
According to the report of Chain Tower Think Tank, there are currently 17 blockchain e-government applications in China, involving seven sub-scenarios, including government audit, digital identity, data sharing, public supervision, electronic bills, electronic certificates of deposit, and export supervision.
3. Electronic invoice
Blockchain electronic bills have become the application scenario with the most application cases of blockchain technology.
Last August 10, "the world's first blockchain electronic invoice" landed in Shenzhen, and Tencent Financial Technology was the provider of the underlying technology. In the past year, Shenzhen has issued 8 million electronic invoices for blockchain, and more than 5,300 enterprises or institutions have issued blockchain invoices.
These enterprises or institutions cover a wide range, including banks, subways, taxis, finance and insurance, retail, real estate, tourism, hotel catering and other fields. People only need to carry their mobile phones and issue blockchain invoices at any time according to the payment records on the mobile phones.
4. Supply chain finance
The core of finance is "credit". Whether it is loan or financing, it is inseparable from "credit". The idea of "decentralization" proposed by blockchain is the most suitable technology to solve the trust problem. Distributed storage mode can promote the sharing of credit information between commercial banks and core enterprises in supply chain, and provide efficient and convenient information transmission channels for enterprises and banks.
Third, the new wave of blockchain has started, and the talent gap is very large.
We can find that blockchain is infiltrating into our daily life. In recent years, we have seen that many universities in the world have also opened courses related to blockchain. Blockchain learning and education have become the general trend, which also reflects the current market demand for blockchain talents.