You can refer to the following online excerpts: dividends [1] Dividends are also called dividends (French: le dividende). A joint-stock company usually distributes part of its profits as dividends to shareholders according to the amount of shares after the year-end settlement. The main forms of dividend payment are cash dividend, stock dividend, property dividend and Jianye dividend. Cash dividend, also known as cash dividend, is a dividend paid to shareholders by a joint-stock company in the form of money; Stock dividends, also known as bonus shares, refer to the way that joint-stock companies distribute dividends to shareholders by issuing additional shares of the company instead of cash, usually in proportion to the shares. The stock dividend received by shareholders is actually to increase investment in the company; New or expanding companies often pay less cash dividends by distributing stock dividends. Property dividends are dividends paid by joint-stock companies to shareholders in the form of physical objects or securities. Jianye Co., Ltd. is a dividend distributed to shareholders with the funds raised by the company as investment profits. This situation mostly occurs in those companies with long construction period, slow capital turnover and high risks. Because of the long construction time, we can't make a profit for a while, but we must ensure that the dividend will attract investors. Dividends are generally paid after the final settlement and after the shareholders' meeting passes the settlement plan and profit distribution plan. Some companies pay dividends twice a year, but the mid-term dividend is different from the year-end dividend. The mid-term dividend is based on the profit in the first half of the year, and the loss in the second half of the year should be considered. The board of directors of the company must decide whether to use availability as a criterion. Fundamentally speaking, it depends on whether shareholders consider immediate interests or the future development of the company, which will bring greater benefits. The right to distribute dividends belongs to the shareholders' meeting, but the specific plan for distributing dividends is put forward by the board of directors, which can be determined once it is approved by the shareholders' meeting. Company shares are transferable. In order to determine who can receive dividends, some date boundaries must be determined before dividends are paid. There are four important dates to pay attention to, because they are very important for those who pay attention to current income and those who pay attention to capital gains. They are: (1) dividend announcement date. That is, the date when the board of directors announced its decision to pay dividends on a certain day. (2) Ex-dividend date. Excluding the dividend date. Those who buy shares on or after the ex-dividend date will not be entitled to the latest dividend. The ex-dividend date is usually a few days behind date of record. (3) date of record. Anyone who has a name on the company's register of shareholders on this day can share the latest dividend. Because stock trading and shareholders are constantly changing, it is difficult for the company to determine who the shareholders are in a certain dividend distribution. Therefore, the board of directors must decide on a certain day to be date of record, so that shareholders can register their shares, so that the company can confirm shareholders and pay dividends. (4) dividend payment date. The date when dividends are officially distributed to shareholders. The above date is very important for stock trading. If a shareholder sells his shares the day before the ex-dividend date, he will lose his right to enjoy the dividend. If a shareholder buys shares on or after the ex-dividend date, he will not be entitled to enjoy the dividend that will be distributed soon, and this dividend will still be collected by the original shareholders. Obviously, the announcement date and distribution date of dividends have certain influence on the stock trading price. Fund dividend means that the fund distributes part of the income to investors in cash, which is originally a part of the net value of the fund unit. According to the Interim Measures for the Administration of Securities Investment Funds, fund management companies must distribute at least 91% of the net income of funds in cash at least once a year. Dividends are not as much as possible. Investors should choose a dividend method that suits their own needs. Fund dividend is not the biggest criterion to measure fund performance. The biggest criterion to measure fund performance is the growth of fund net value, and dividend is just the cash of fund net value growth. For open-end funds, if investors want to realize income, they can also achieve the effect of cash dividend by redeeming some fund units; Therefore, whether the fund pays dividends or not and the number of dividends will not have a significant impact on investors' investment income. As for closed-end funds, because the unit price of the fund is often different from the net value of the fund, it is sometimes not feasible to realize the fund income by selling the fund units. In this case, the fund dividend becomes the only reliable way to realize the fund income. Investors should pay more attention to the dividend when choosing closed-end funds. Conditions for fund dividends According to relevant regulations, fund dividends need to meet the following three conditions: First, the fund's current year's income can be distributed only after making up the previous year's losses; Second, after the distribution of fund income, the unit net value cannot be lower than the face value; Third, if the fund investment has a net loss in the current period, it cannot be distributed. There are two main ways of fund dividend: one is cash dividend, and the other is dividend reinvestment. According to the Measures for the Operation and Management of Securities Investment Funds, if the investor does not specify the dividend distribution method, the default income distribution method is cash dividend. Investors can go to the institution where you buy the fund to modify the dividend method before the equity registration date. For example, if you hold one million shares of a fund, you will get a dividend of 1.15 yuan for each share of the fund: if you choose the cash dividend method, then the basic people will get a cash dividend of 1.5 million yuan; Assuming that dividends are reinvested and the net value of fund shares on the dividend base date is 1.25 yuan, then the basic people can be divided into 5,111 yuan ÷1.25 yuan/share = 4,111 fund shares, and the fund shares will become 114,111. The default dividend method of open-end funds is cash dividend, but the basic people can change it independently according to the individual's specific situation and the change of fund market. When changing the dividend distribution method, the consignment customer needs to bring his ID card and securities card to the consignment agency that originally purchased the fund to modify it; Direct selling customers can modify themselves through the fund company's website or telephone trading system.