In Europe, America and other countries and regions, many college graduates are only analysts who entered investment banks from the beginning. To do this job successfully, you must have special skills, such as spreadsheets and clear thinking ability, and analyze problems before you can become a senior manager. This requires the same skills, but it is more demanding. In the middle of your career, your success depends on your ability to communicate with customers and make transactions go smoothly. At the same time, we should also understand the market situation, political and macroeconomic situation and the operation of the mechanism. Some jobs require strong math skills

Investment banking. If you are good at mathematics, science and engineering, you might as well consider retaking higher degrees (such as calculus and stochastic school differential equations), then continue to take courses in several deeper disciplines such as financial analysis and stock evaluation, and finally apply for a research department on Wall Street. It is very important for most analysts to correctly analyze financial figures. If you want to be a securities analyst, you must try to get CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst) to specify. If one day, you have the ambition to engage in financing business and become a financial analyst of the company, you'd better think twice about obtaining CMA (Certified Management Accountant).

The technology adopted and the high-value legal background of investment banks: scientists can engage in any type of work, from financial derivatives to bioengineering calculations; Lawyers can assist in the design and leasing of new securities and communicate with their clients with excellent analytical skills.

"Learn to sell yourself" is to become an investment banker with basic skills. Investment banking is a one-click access to the network-you may have been attracted to this network, but if you haven't, you should quickly establish your own social network. Attend some industry conferences and find some friends in the address book of business school students. Of course, the network may not work immediately. If you are young and don't get an MBA, you should try to get into the best business school.

After entering an investment bank, under normal circumstances, you should be responsible for every project you receive in time, whether it is writing a report, drawing a spreadsheet, starting a business, doing research or working plan. Then, once users visit and participate in creating profits for the company, if you can negotiate business, the return will be quite rich. If you have become an executive (usually a director, managing director and higher management), you must take more risks. People who are not well qualified in this position will be forced to leave.

job descriptions of different businesses

enterprise financing (enterprise financing). Some projects may raise funds in the company's financial department, whether it should help the company for new projects and beyond. You should be able to determine the required amount of customers and composition of funds by means of assets, liabilities, convertible securities, preferred securities or derivative securities. As a new analysis, you should talk with customers more often. If you hear someone called IBD or IBK, they are engaged in enterprise financing.

mergers and acquisitions (m&a). The income from another company's purchase transaction is an important source for many investment banks. If you are engaged in this work, you should be a consultant to customers, valuing transactions, trading structure, creatively determining and negotiating favorable terms for yourself. Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley are recognized as global leaders in the field of mergers and acquisitions. Investment banks often bear the investment risks themselves, and constantly participate in leveraged buyout (LBO), enterprise spin-off, profitable and loan transitional arrangements. Your task is to analyze the appropriate forms of participation.

With the intensification of competition, small investment banks have become smaller and smaller, so joint investment between banks has become an inevitable way to survive, and some investment banking giants have begun to show their faces. These giants often provide a wide range of investment banking services to their big customers and help enterprises broaden their horizons. In order to know the customers more thoroughly, they will communicate with the executives of the customer companies, visit the customer companies and test their products. Similar to securities underwriting, there are also "brands" in the field of mergers and acquisitions. In a technology company in the market, people tend to think that the IPO is still taken by a big company, such as a second-rate company of Goldman Sachs surgeons. Although the IPO process is the same, the results are very different. Most companies believe that if its IPO may be taken over by top investment banks, its success in the capital market is already a fait accompli. So are mergers and acquisitions. Corey of Morgan Stanley, Thornton of Deutsche Bank, L''Heureux of Goldman Sachs and Lehman Brothers brand experts affirmed that if one person participates in any of the above-mentioned M&A transactions, it is definitely a good sign.

project financing. The scope of project financing is expanding rapidly, including financing infrastructure projects and oil assets in companies or governments. Credit Suisse First Boston and Deutsche Bank are very active in this field. Project financing transaction has become one of the main channels to introduce foreign countries. When other borrowers, under normal circumstances, project financing is still exhausted.

transaction. Some investment banks are often the most enviable job is trading. Responsibility is a kind of asset trading, foreign exchange (referred to as foreign exchange or foreign exchange) of commercial banks, investment banks and large institutional investors, and buying and selling options or futures. Trading is a complicated job, so you are required to have a comprehensive understanding of the market, financial instruments and psychological intuition. Working capital trading other traders usually include "telling a story" and telling them why they bought your stock. Derivatives traders need strong analytical skills (preferably an engineering degree). Foreign exchange trading mainly requires traders' intuition about the market, political and macroeconomic issues.

structured financing. Including innovative financial instruments, in order to re-flow into investors (such as asset-backed securities). Ordinary asset-backed securities will be credit card receivables, auto loans or mortgage securitization receivables. Other areas are constantly changing asset-backed commercial paper securities, mortgage debt bonds (community organizations) and asset repackaging tools. If you can draw spreadsheets, accounting and legal skills are very beneficial.

derivatives. The value of derivative instruments from the original securities. Options, swaps and futures are derivatives. The market of derivative products is huge and more and more standardized. Derivatives business is a high-profit business, and its staff have high requirements for this work. If you are interested in working in this field, you can start studying mathematics. Apart from the fact that sales skills are very important, in one word, you will hear "structured notes." Structured bills can be selected to appear in foreign currency lending, forward or futures contracts according to customer needs.

consulting services. Investment bank mergers and acquisitions and public or private, many investment bank financial advisory services have risk management consulting services. Research on stock and fixed income

. Generally speaking, a securities analyst will be assigned to do an analysis of an enterprise or a region. Your task may be recommended to investors in stocks and bonds, and you need to keep in touch with corporate and institutional investors. Investment banks often hire those who are working as business analysts (on the contrary, not just an MBA graduate or undergraduate). For example, if you are the manager of a restaurant, you may be a restaurant analyst. Understanding the enterprise, communicating with customers and having good predictability are the key points of this work. Basic research staff will provide some suggestions based on the company's development and situation. On the contrary, computer analysts' computer programs confirm that the stock market has depreciated and even the whole country. There are not many such jobs, but because individual jobs require high professional skills, their income is also high.

international trade and emerging markets. While Asian and Latin American countries are affected by the economic and financial crisis, investors' demand for securities issuance is still very busy. Investment banks will send many professional traders and experts to meet this requirement. Another reason is that there is a high demand in emerging markets, such as Thailand or Mexico. Financial institutions need to hire some employees who are proficient in foreign languages, willing to travel frequently and understand emerging markets.

municipal bonds. The municipal bond market is huge and needs analysts, consultants and businessmen to study it at the municipal level. It is difficult for municipal projects to get higher returns, but it is ok. Those who have worked in the government and invested in banking will have a strong appeal to the executive branch. The main business is the growth of municipal project financing.

securities trading broker. Its job is to buy and sell stocks, bonds and other investments for individuals. Only for high-income customers, and some brokers do not distinguish all customers. Although it is difficult for the industry to start (especially when you are much younger than customers), as long as you have a fairly good level of trading skills, your return is very high. The best companies like Merrill Lynch can enter and receive good training.

institutional sales br. The work of institutional sales is mainly responsible for transferring information about special securities to institutional investors. You may have frequent contact with analysts and salespeople in your company. Sales skills and product knowledge are essential, because it involves whether you have the ability to persuade institutional investors to be busy (insurance companies, mutual funds and pension funds, etc.).

income investment bank

under normal circumstances, when a college student is a student, he joins the salary of $25,111-51,111 in the United States, including bonuses (such as assistant general manager or general analyst). With an MBA degree, the annual salary ranges from $61,111-135,111. Different companies and different regions have different standards for wages. At the beginning, bonuses account for 11% to 51% of salary, and then gradually increase to 1-3 times. At present, the trend of investment banks is that salaries, including stock options, cannot flow for at least three years, which is beneficial for companies to do so because it slows down the mobility of talents. If you are an analyst, you may not encounter this situation.

In recent years, the world economy continues to suffer from economic recession. As the representatives of multinational investment banks, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, in order to reduce costs, "sword" swung at the known payment bank hormones, and a considerable number of employees had to face the grim reality of "zero bonus", and the income of the overall investment banks returned to the level of the mid-1991s.

compared with the highest level of directors, the general manager of the investment banking department (MD), for example, in 2112, their basic annual salary was maintained at $211,111, compared with the amount of "red envelopes" ranging from $251,111 to $351,111, as the peak of the stock market in 2111 was over 81%. "Red" has dropped from the level of one million dollars in the middle of the vice president (VP for short) in 2111 to the average annual salary of 1.51 million yuan, 1.21 million yuan-1.51 million yuan. As a senior manager, a newly graduated MBA business school is usually lucky enough to get $41,111 as a "red envelope", reaching a basic annual salary of 55,111-85,111.

The Ministry of Commerce is full of peaches and plums. What are you doing alone in seeking an investment bank?

Young people in Chinese mainland, the competition is fierce, because the graduates of investment banks have started to recruit on a larger scale in the past three years, but they have to attend a talk about the industry. In addition to the investment bank will be held in the university campus job fair, we will also cooperate with business school courses to select talents. However, it is not easy for thousands of graduate business students from Chinese mainland to stand out every year. Wei Wenhan, vice president of Morgan Stanley, who is responsible for the deployment of human resources in Asia, said that the most basic requirement of investment banks is that job seekers have a good academic record, because they represent the results of a person's ability to learn and potential. With China business graduates everywhere, MBA degree has become crucial. However, he said, one of the students in China only focuses on studying and expressing the same problem, but the result is that they are not in a state, which does not mean that a person can become an excellent banker. A balanced resume is that banks don't want to see it. "Investment banking is a highly competitive industry. Ability, dedication and goals are important, but creativity and patience are essential." He said. In addition to good academic performance, investment banks can also be used in other areas, such as some successful people, such as music, art or sports. "A talented person, who is the representative of the people, is full of enthusiasm, which can often help them in their career."

However, who should people prepare for joining an investment bank? It will be a job of great competition and pressure. Li Zhiying, who has worked in an investment bank for more than seven years and is currently an analyst at ING Baling Hong Kong Real Estate Company, said that she works at least 12 hours a day. Besides her own industry, she is responsible for a very in-depth understanding of the company. We should grasp the economic development of the whole society, because every seemingly simple event and every ordinary data may have a significant impact on real estate, and guests will rely on their own judgment to do business. She said: "This is a challenging industry, but it is also a very punishment and industry reward."

As an industry veteran, General Manager Guo Junhao, the director of Credit Suisse First Boston (Hong Kong), thinks that investment banking is the most profitable industry for workers. The annual salary of tens of millions of dollars reminds senior bankers to pay attention to three elements of young people entering the industry. Guo Chunhao said that it is a prerequisite for graduates to join the investment banking industry. Otherwise, they will not have the opportunity to interview. Therefore, education is the first level. "To make myself more attractive (to make myself fun), I will pick up another factor candidate to consider. The candidate needs to express how he positions himself, which is different from others." Secondly, if you do something bad, you should not be afraid of losing it, especially if you do it badly in the first few years, "he said earnestly." More people who do it will have more things to do, but it is definitely not proportional to the wages paid; Wage earners must be able to bear it and never let the boss think that you are just going to suffer. If one day, you take advantage of the boss and find it difficult to have a good result. "The third element is the opportunity for a new boss to meet the competition with customers. Even in Hong Kong, there are a large number of listed companies, but they are willing to patronize top investment banks. Guo Chunhao estimates that the number will not exceed 111. Therefore, in the fierce industry competition, investment banks and the time spent using customers' professional knowledge will teach you how to do this, pointing to your incarnation. "Heroes may also be used to ordinary people, but for the younger generation, if they expect future business development and have the opportunity to call the most powerful people in the shopping mall, this line is undoubtedly the best industry. Of course, new entrants should pay more attention to themselves and learn more. Long "Guo Chunhao and suggested that the best young recruits in the past 31 years, mainly because this line is really hard, the work is often" all night. "

The difference of securities analysts active in the large Hong Kong capital market is that, in terms of quantity, the market share of large securities firms and investment banks exceeds 1.3%, which is generally about 21 medium-sized companies and about 41 hours, and the number of small institutions is very large, and many of them are in the form of family operations. Basically, all these brokers and investment banks can be roughly divided into "four sections". One is the securities companies and investment banks in Europe and the United States, and the first two parts in Japan, one is the securities companies and investment banks from Southeast Asia; The fourth board is local securities firms and investment banking institutions in Hong Kong.

in Europe

companies, their professional researchers, such as years.