the development status and trend of e-commerce in China
I. A brief review of the development of e-commerce in China
China's computer application has a history of more than 41 years, but e-commerce has only been more than ten years. On September 21th, 1987, China's first e-mail crossed the Great Wall and opened to the world, which opened the prelude to China's use of the Internet.
China's e-commerce development process can be divided into three stages:
1.1991-1993, and the stage of developing EDI's e-commerce application
China began to develop EDI's e-commerce application in the 1991s. Since 1991, the State Planning Commission and the Science and Technology Commission have included EDI in the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" national key scientific and technological projects. For example, the national foreign trade license EDI system of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, the shipping/air transport management EDI system of China Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation, the "Sinochem Finance, Petroleum and Rubber Trade EDI System" of China Chemical Import and Export Corporation and the "Application of EDI in Export Trade" of Shandong Embroidery Company. In September, 1991, the State Council Electronic Information System Promotion and Application Office led the establishment of the "Coordination Group for Promoting EDI Application in China" with the State Planning Commission, Science and Technology Commission, Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Domestic Trade, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Electronics, State Bureau of Technical Supervision, Commodity Inspection Bureau, Administration of Foreign Exchange, General Administration of Customs, Bank of China, People's Bank of China, People's Insurance Company of China, Taxation Bureau and CCPIT, and in October of the same year, the "China" was established. EDI is applied in domestic and foreign trade, transportation, banking and other departments.
2.1993-1997 The government leaders organized the "Three Gold Projects" to lay the foundation for the development of e-commerce.
In 193, the joint meeting of national economic informatization chaired by Premier Fu of the State Council and its office were established, and the "three gold projects" such as Golden Pass, Golden Card and Golden Tax were organized successively, and significant progress was made. In May, 1994, the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Electronics and the Global Information Infrastructure Committee (GIIC) jointly organized the "Beijing International Forum on Electronic Commerce", with 711 participants from the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Australia, Egypt and Canada. In October, 1994, "Asia-Pacific E-commerce Seminar was held in Beijing", which made the concept of e-commerce spread in China. In 1995, the Internet in China began to be commercialized. Internet ．COMpanies (ISP,. com companies) began to rise.
In October, 1996, the State Council National Informatization Leading Group was established, headed by Vice Premier and attended by more than 21 ministries and commissions, to lead and organize China's informatization construction in a unified way. In 1996, the whole bridge network and the Internet were officially opened.
In 1997, the Information Office organized relevant departments to draft and compile China's informatization plan, and in April 1997, a national informatization work conference was held in Shenzhen. Various provinces, cities and regions successively set up informatization leading groups and their offices, and all provinces began to formulate their own informatization construction plans including e-commerce. In 1997, advertisers began to use online advertising. Since April 1997, China Commodity Ordering System (CGOS) has been in operation.
3.1998 began to enter the development stage of Internet e-commerce
In March of 1998, China's first online Internet transaction was successful. In July, 1998, the China Commodity Exchange Market was formally established, which was called the "never-ending Canton Fair". China commodity spot trading market is the first spot electronic trading market in China. In 1999, the amount of electronic transactions in the spot electronic market reached 211 billion RMB. China Bank cooperated with Telecom Data and Information Bureau to carry out the pilot project of China Bank's e-commerce in Hunan, and launched the first SET of e-commerce system based on SET in China. In October, 1998, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Information Industry jointly announced the launch of the "Golden Trade Project" with electronic trade as the main content, which is a large-scale pilot project to promote network application and develop electronic commerce in the field of economic and trade circulation. In 1998, the capital, Shanghai and other cities started e-commerce projects, launched electronic shopping malls, electronic shopping malls and electronic shopping malls, carried out online shopping and online transactions, established financial and non-financial demonstration centers, and related standards and regulations, laying a foundation for the future development of e-commerce. At present, China's e-commerce is still in its infancy or initial stage. The medical e-commerce network was put into operation in 1998, with 1,111 enterprises and institutions in the medical and health industry connected to the network, which can provide thousands of Chinese and western medicine information. The national inventory commodity adjustment network, national construction online and real estate online promotion have all been officially opened.
B2C websites such as 8848 were officially opened in March, 1999, and online shopping entered the practical application stage.
In March, 1999, generalized e-commerce such as government online, enterprise online, e-government (government online project), online tax payment, online education (online university of Hunan University and Zhejiang University), and remote diagnosis (big hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai) started, and pilot projects have been launched.
e-commerce is gradually taking the traditional industry B2B as the main body. E-commerce service provider (dotcom) is shifting from illusory and venture capital market to the change of real market demand, combining with traditional enterprises with business, and at the same time, some more successful and profitable e-commerce applications are beginning to appear. Due to the further improvement of the external environment such as infrastructure and the application mode of e-commerce, the demand for e-commerce in the real market is maturing, and the trend of "localization" of e-commerce software and solutions is accelerating. The e-commerce software and solutions developed by domestic enterprises or aimed at domestic applications are gradually dominant in the market. China's e-commerce has started in an all-round way and has achieved initial results. The advantages of e-commerce based on network will be further developed.
II. Development Status of E-commerce in China
2.1 The number of computers, Internet users and websites in China has increased rapidly in recent years
The number of computer Internet users, websites and domain names in China has increased rapidly, according to statistics of relevant departments:
2111 2111 2112.6 2112. 12
The number of computers installed is 22 million 28 million 35 million 39 million
The number of networked computers is 8.92 million 12.54 million 16.13 million 21.83 million
The number of Internet users is 22.5 million 33.7 million 45.8 million 59 million
The number of domain names is 22,127,126,117. 91,111
The number of websites is 265,111, 277,111, 293,111 and 37. 11
The rapid development of China's Internet has promoted the networking of e-commerce and computer applications.
2.2 E-government project started in an all-round way and achieved initial results
In 2112, E-government entered the stage of full implementation, and the national government procurement investment was 35 billion yuan (25 billion yuan for hardware, 4.5 billion yuan for software and 5.5 billion yuan for information service), an increase of 25% over the same period. In July 2112, the State Information Office published the guiding opinions on China's E-government construction, including three major measures: 1) establishing two unified E-governments. 2) Promote the construction of 12 gold-lettered projects (golden tax, golden customs, golden finance, golden audit, etc.). 3) Accelerate the construction of important strategic databases (population, agricultural information database, etc.). Governments at all levels in China are implementing it. In October 2111, there were 4,615 gov.com domain names applied by governments at all levels, and in February 2112, there were more than 7,796. In some provinces, township governments have all gone online, and government information has been published on government websites at all levels, opening up channels for communication and service with the public. Many local governments have established information dissemination and inquiry systems for the masses, and set up "mayor's mailbox" and "government mailbox" to facilitate the public to participate in politics and deliberation. Beijing Capital Public Information Platform has established 142 government websites to carry out more than 81 online office projects and provided 565 forms for downloading office announcements. In Shanghai, 143 government websites have been established to realize cross-departmental industrial and commercial online parallel approval. In the past, it took more than 31 days to run 18 departments, but now it only takes 5 days to run 1 departments. Guangzhou has established 76 government websites and 93 application systems, such as 43 departments' online examination and approval in the "parallel examination and approval system for enterprise registration and annual inspection". Qingdao e-government project has been rated as one of the national e-government demonstration projects by the General Office of the State Council and the Ministry of Science and Technology, setting a number of records for the construction of government websites with the most advanced technical performance, the richest information resources and the largest number of visits. It has also taken the lead in e-government strategy, technical research and e-government planning and construction, and established an e-port system in customs and other departments. There are more than 4,111 computer wide area networks in the national tax system, and the national tax computer network has basically been built. More than 21 million taxpayers in the country are managed by computers, and 75% of the national tax is collected by computers. The anti-counterfeiting tax control system has been implemented nationwide, and the tax authorities have carried out online declaration and tax payment in some areas. Online tax collection has been realized in some provinces and cities such as Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong and Guangdong, and online government bidding and procurement has been implemented in some provinces and cities, such as Shenzhen 611 million. The full implementation of e-government has effectively promoted the development of e-commerce.
2.3 China's e-commerce environment continues to improve
China's e-commerce development environment (network infrastructure and other operating environment, legal environment, market environment, online payment, information security, certification center construction and other conditions) has been gradually improved, and national policies and regulations on e-commerce will be introduced soon, which has established basic conditions for the development of e-commerce. With the increase of network bandwidth, the total international export bandwidth reached 8881M in 2112, an increase of 23. 5%； The total interconnection bandwidth between the nine Internet units and the China National Internet Exchange Center (NAP) reached 21,412 m, and the broadband access increased greatly, with 4.17 million users, including 1.87 million ADSL users, 1.7 million LAN users and 611,111 Cable Modem and wireless users. Substantial progress has been made in the national modern payment system. On October 8, 2112, the large-value real-time payment system was successfully put into operation in Beijing and Wuhan. By the end of February, 2113, it was promoted in 11 economically developed major cities such as Shanghai, Tianjin, Jinan, Shenyang, Chengdu, Xi 'an, Shenzhen and Haikou, initially forming a nationwide inter-bank and inter-regional bank card information exchange network. Some progress has been made in logistics distribution. China Post, which has the largest delivery network in China, has joined the field of e-commerce, and some professional distribution enterprises specializing in e-commerce projects have also appeared one after another.
our government attaches great importance to the security issues in the application and development of e-commerce. Industry certification centers, such as telecommunications, customs and China People's Bank, have been established, and certification centers in Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities have been established one after another. The development of core technologies related to security standards, electronic signatures and cryptographic systems has also received attention and increased investment. In 2112, the regulations and laws related to e-commerce are also maturing. In 2112, the drafting of the regulations on electronic signature points was completed, and more laws are in the pipeline.
2.4 rapid development of e-commerce in the industry
In 2112, the operating environment of foreign trade e-commerce was greatly improved, and the nationwide online application and certification system for import and export licenses was fully put into operation, and enterprises could apply for import and export licenses online; The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation has already established online Canton Fair, China Commodity Exchange Market, China Technology Export Fair, China Investment Promotion and other sites on the Internet, including China Commodity Exchange Market (China market.com.cn), where nearly 31,111 kinds of commodities from more than 8,111 enterprises have been displayed all year round in this virtual market. This year, an online negotiation platform was opened. Through www.cantonfair.org, Three websites, www.cecf.com,www.ccme.org.cn, provide e-commerce services such as information release, trade matching, online negotiation and transaction assistance for exhibitors. According to statistics, as of April 27th, the total number of visits to Canton Fair websites reached 51.9 million, an increase of 51.95% over the same period of last year. Among them, the cumulative number of overseas visits was 25.89 million. The intended turnover of the three platforms of the Canton Fair website is 2. 218 million US dollars, and the confirmed turnover is 47.8477 million US dollars. According to statistics, among all kinds of products, the best online transaction effect is mechanical and electrical products, accounting for 73.4% of the total transaction volume, followed by grain and oil products and Minmetals chemical products. In 2112, Yiwu Small Commodities Online International Expo was established, which promoted the export of small commodities. The national online examination and approval management system for processing trade has been popularized throughout the country. There are 311 examination and approval authorities in the country, and more than 21,111 enterprises have realized online declaration, examination and approval, real-time monitoring and management of processing trade. The business outlets of commercial banks across the country have been electronically realized. By October 2112, the financial industry had issued 469 million bank cards of various types, up 22% year-on-year. From October to October 2112, 211 million cards were issued, including more than 61 million with UnionPay logo. All kinds of bank cards in more than 311 prefecture-level cities have basically been networked and used across regions. In 98 cities out of 1,111 cities, local bank cards have been partially or completely used across banks. All branches of commercial banks in 41 cities have issued UnionPay identification cards to realize cross-bank and cross-regional use. By the end of September 2112, the cumulative transaction volume of bank cards was RMB 1.5 trillion, an increase of 43% over the end of 2111. China Financial Certification Center (CFCA), whose financial system is jointly built by the People's Bank of China and 12 commercial banks in China, has been put into operation. China Merchants Bank, Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank and Agricultural Bank have all started online business, and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China has opened 312 online banks, with a transaction volume of 611 billion yuan in 2111 and exceeding 5 trillion yuan in 2112. In 2112, new services such as agent remittance, reservation service, online charging, fund and national debt service were added, and new services such as payment, e-card, foreign exchange trading and fund trading were added to personal online business. At present, 2,623 securities business departments of 1,111 securities companies and 239 trust and investment companies in China have basically established electronic business processing systems, and computer and network communication technologies have become the support for various securities businesses. Computer and network communication technology has become a key measure to support the operation of various securities businesses. Securities companies in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Beijing and other places set up websites online to provide stock market information and conduct online securities trading (online stock trading). In 2112, securities trading was 523 billion yuan through the Internet, an increase of 8% over 2111. 99%。 In 2112, most insurance companies opened websites, some of which