Li Tang
Southern Song Dynasty painter (about 1083- 1 163). This word is very old. Yang He (now Meng County, Henan Province) is a native of three cities. Li Tang entered the Painting Academy when Huizong was in the Northern Song Dynasty, and after crossing to the south, he was appointed as the dean of the Painting Academy at the age of eighty, with the title of Cheng Zhonglang. He created a unique variant, and initiated the painting circle of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The background of the development of the "Four Schools of Southern Song Dynasty" is the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty in Lin 'an. After the political power stabilized a little, Zhao Gou reorganized the Palace Painting Academy, and the painting in the south of the Yangtze River had a new development world on the basis of inheriting the achievements of the Northern Song Dynasty. "Four Schools in Southern Song Dynasty" represents the painting achievements in this period. Emperor Gaozong talked about the cirrus cloud in Jiangsi: "Li Tang is comparable to Li Sixun in the Tang Dynasty", and the figure is definitely Li Gonglin. You have to wear the method of drawing cows. It is the first of the four great masters in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Liu Songnian
Liu Songnian, a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), was called "Liu Qingbo" or "Secret Door Liu" because he lived outside Qingbo Gate. Xi Chun's early painting academy students were promoted to painting academy in Shao Xi period (1190 ~1194).
The Four Scenery Landscape Volume depicts the four seasons scenery of the West Lake courtyard villa. In the picture of spring scenery, the spring breeze is green, the grass is growing, and the school is full of vitality to go abroad to find spring. The summer scene is full of flowers, the new lotus is on display, and the owner is sitting up calmly and indifferently; The middle-aged and old trees in Qiu Jingtu are frosty, with thick autumn colors and deep courtyards, and the old people sit alone; Winter scene, winter snowflakes fluttering, the north wind blowing, riding a donkey across the bridge, stepping on the snow in Xun Mei.
Ma Yuan
Ma Yuan was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). His great-grandfather, grandfather, uncle, brother and I are all waiting for a letter from the Academy. They lived in Song Guangzong and Ningzong years. Ma Yuan is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. His mountain master Li Tang used ink and wash, and his brushwork was vigorous and concise. Painting is characterized by simple layout, tough lines, or "chopping with one axe", vigorous ink painting and profound artistic conception, which marks the characteristics of landscape painting in the Southern Song Dynasty. The achievements of watercolor painting are particularly outstanding. Ma Yuan is called "the corner of the horse", which means that Ma Yuan often works as a corner of the landscape. The lines of trees and stones he draws are firm and firm, like a twisted corner.
Xiagui
Xia Gui, also known as Xia Jue, was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Chao Painting Academy is waiting for a letter. Novice, later worker. In composition, Xia Gui is better at cutting and beautifying natural scenery and painting "corner scenes". Xiagui is called "Xia Banbian", which means that Xiagui is mostly a landscape with half forest belts on the beach. In this picture, the phoenix tree with rich colors is the double hook, which is vigorous and simple. Bamboo leaves are divided into different shades. The characters in the hut are drawn with simple strokes, and the mountains in the distance are lightly stained with flowers. The pen is decisive, the pen and ink are dripping, the brushwork is old, but the charm is beautiful. Existing works include the Western Mountain Qingyuan Map, the West Lake Liuchuan Map and the Yangtze River Wan Li Map.
From Li Tang and Liu Songnian to Ma Yuan and Xia Xuan, a unique landscape painting was formed in the Southern Song Dynasty. This "one-and-a-half" composition leaves a large blank in the picture, which makes the picture and scenery more concise, the theme is distinct and prominent, and the artistic conception is complete. This is a composition style highly refined by the "Four Schools in the Southern Song Dynasty" on the basis of summarizing the previous painting experience, which makes the picture and scenery integrated and full of poetry.