The customized development market will gradually shrink.
Customization development, a seemingly attractive development model in the past, will gradually shrink and be replaced by mature products and business platforms with the continuous standardization of the industry, the continuous introduction of software in various industries and the continuous encroachment of large enterprise management software manufacturers at home and abroad.
Custom development, business scope is very limited. On the one hand, customized development can only be small-scale. A project of millions or tens of millions needs to be customized, so it goes without saying whether the products developed are professional or not. According to the frequent opening and closing of the company, it is estimated that the development and implementation time spent developing such a system is enough for a software company to close down several times. How can the owner customize such a project with confidence? On the other hand, to engage in customized development, the comprehensive strength of software companies, especially the industry strength, is required to be higher. Because software companies have no professional firm planning for the industry, they basically look at the bill, so they basically simulate the enterprise business manually, and it is good to realize the electronization of manual business. How can we integrate the advanced management concepts and ideas of ERP into it?
The flexibility of customization system is poor, which can't keep up with the development of enterprises. Often after development, the needs of business departments have changed. At the same time, the Group is constantly merging and restructuring, and constantly extending to other business areas. The disadvantages of poor expansibility and adaptability of customization system are becoming more and more prominent.
IT technology is developing at an unimaginable speed, and IT is difficult to keep up with the trend of technology development by relying on the IT team of the enterprise itself. If it is not developed, it may not make full use of the latest information technology to improve management and productivity, and will eventually be eliminated by shopping malls.
Therefore, due to the characteristics of long development cycle, poor understanding of industry business and basic electronic manual operation, customized development can not integrate the advanced management ideas of ERP management software such as standardization, total quality management and supply chain management, and customized development will gradually withdraw from the historical stage due to the continuous enrichment and encroachment of mature software products.
Platform mode will be the mainstream of future informatization.
Speaking of platforms, 200 1 is the most lively year of speculation. Soon, the concept of platform is like ERP speculation. No matter what system it is, even a few macro files made by Excel must be added with a platform.
How to understand the platform?
At present, the platform basically has two concepts. One is the development platform, which provides some auxiliary development tools (such as system management, components, etc. ) Based on the purpose of rapid development. This platform is a purely technical platform, and at best it is an optimization of development tools (such as Delphi). Whenever there is a development task, all customer businesses need to be redeveloped (of course, some technical platforms also include some common things such as system management and organizational authority). The other platform is a business management platform with business logic as the core, which is developed on the basis of technical platform. The characteristic of this platform is that it is not only a narrow technical platform, but also encapsulates the relatively common business logic of many industries (or typical enterprises), and these business logics are generally the result of in-depth research on a certain industry, such as BOS platform of Kingdee and VP platform of Neusoft.
Of course, there are still many places that need to be considered and improved in the commercial platform. Otherwise, no matter how good the idea is, it is just an idea, and "action leads to results." Personally, I think the current business platform mainly has the following aspects worthy of attention:
1, data binding problem. On the one hand, we should support different databases. In different databases, the writing and execution of stored procedures and triggers are different. At the same time, the transaction control and data concurrency of the database are also very critical issues. On the other hand, the problem of data storage, whether business data is expressed in the form of database tables or objects, may be expressed by objects in the long run, but how to realize the technology and how efficient is it? A platform that the author participated in the development, because it uses the completely object-oriented way to bind data, greatly reduces the efficiency of the system (especially in the case of a large amount of data, the packaging and unpacking of objects seriously affect the execution efficiency of the system), so it is difficult to popularize.
2. Efficiency. Because the business platform is not specific to the specific business, the operation logic will be more complicated, and because the business components are independent of each other (explain why they are independent. The business platform is developed as a framework model, following the "Hollywood principle"-I call you, you don't call me, the control right is within the framework, and the business components must be independent, otherwise, you have me and I have to get used to using him.
3. The extraction of business logic is a very difficult and key point that many technical platforms cannot be transformed into business platforms. First, we need to extract the business. My personal suggestion is to extract according to the standard ERP theory. Next, please ask relevant business experts to improve and refine the business logic. If necessary, we can use the power of external consulting companies. Finally, in practice, "practice is the only criterion of empirical truth". Don't be afraid of failure, fear is not a problem. If you don't do it, it's a problem. If you don't do it, you will never have a chance of success.
Mature ERP products provide a solid foundation for perfect consulting services.
Compared with mass customization development and enterprise information construction under the platform mode, having a relatively mature product has unique advantages. Of course, this product is not necessarily a concrete, tangible thing. This product may be our solution, our platform or our agent's product.
How to understand the purchasing mode of enterprises is a level problem! People can't answer! The main points of understanding are divided into:
1, procurement budget method
2. Procurement operation mode
3. Place of purchase
You should be able to understand the purchasing mode of the enterprise.
What is the STP mode of foreign exchange platform? How to understand that this model is not a market maker! STP is a single direct entry! Direct settlement with the bank, etc!
Analysis of management mode of logistics enterprises? The rapid development of logistics industry will become a new growth point of China's national economy, and it has also attracted extensive attention from all countries in the world. After introducing the theory and function of third-party logistics and supply chain, this paper analyzes the industrial structure of industrial manufacturing industry, and puts forward the innovation direction of management mode of manufacturing enterprises in China according to the viewpoint of logistics optimization.
With the maturity of China's market economy system and the formation of a buyer's market, enterprises need to produce marketable products and provide satisfactory services, reduce inventory backlog and speed up the circulation of funds and commodities. Logistics, known as the "third profit source", has become the focus of attention all over the world, and as a pillar industry of the tertiary industry, it plays an increasingly huge role in the national economy.
First, the third party logistics and supply chain
Logistics refers to the movement process of goods as physical entities from suppliers to demanders, involving transportation, warehousing, packaging, distribution and processing, information processing and other industries and departments. It is a new way for enterprises to gain profits by improving the value of goods and distribution services through distribution processing, making customers satisfied with their use and reducing the time of staying and waiting for goods. Enterprises can effectively integrate various internal resources and produce various products, but it is difficult for enterprises with limited economic strength to integrate various external resources closely related to their production and operation activities, so as to optimize the supply of raw materials and the circulation organization of finished products. The third-party logistics company, which is independent of the production enterprise organization, can just complete this mission. Third-party logistics companies can grasp the pulse of supply and demand of several enterprise groups, effectively combine various resources in society, and provide raw material supply and finished product sales services for production enterprises in a timely and orderly manner. Third-party logistics companies often adopt advanced network information processing technology and e-commerce operation mode to understand the supply and demand situation of the big market, which can provide timely and thoughtful circulation organization services for production enterprises, thus achieving the purpose of accelerating circulation, reducing inventory backlog and effectively allocating economic resources in a wider range.
The third-party logistics company realizes the optimization of logistics process with the concept of supply chain. An enterprise group with industrial relevance takes a manufacturing enterprise or a circulation enterprise as the core, from raw material collection, processing and molding to finished products entering the market. The products of upstream enterprises are only the main raw materials processed and manufactured by downstream enterprises. The whole process of each enterprise producing, distributing products and providing services to final consumers is the operation process of supply chain economic activities. Each supply chain is information-based, including the functions of material supply, product production, transportation, warehousing, handling and stacking, packaging, distribution and processing, and sales. The supply chain also includes the flow of goods, information and funds among supply chain participants.
Third-party logistics is the basis of supply chain integration and systematization. Logistics enterprises provide specialized services for all parties in the supply chain, including not only circulation functions such as transportation, warehousing, distribution and processing, but also provide useful information and improvement suggestions from the overall situation of the whole supply chain through extensive contact and exchange with enterprise entities at all levels. Third-party logistics companies grasp the pulse of supply and demand in all aspects of the supply chain as a whole, thus optimizing the production and circulation organization, and the resulting economic benefits are also more considerable.
2. Analysis of industrial structure of industrial manufacturing industry
The industrial revolution has created large industrial enterprises and a large number of operators (Marx called them producers), and the internal structure of enterprises is very complicated. The establishment principle of enterprise organizational structure is to pursue "big" and "all". There are warehouses for raw materials and finished products, and each workshop has inventories of work-in-process and spare parts. All kinds of parts and components needed for the final products of enterprises want to be made by themselves, and the scale of enterprises is getting bigger and bigger. Enterprises form a hierarchical management structure of teams, workshops, factories and general factories. Each management has its own inventory of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products at the production operation level. The processes in an enterprise are interrelated, but because they are relatively independent, the structure is loose. The organizational structure of this large-scale industrial enterprise has the following disadvantages: (1) setting up warehouses at different levels within the enterprise makes the flow of goods dispersed slowly, resulting in the backlog of funds and waste of resources; On the other hand, the high self-made rate of parts pursued by this large-scale industrial enterprise makes it difficult to ensure that the subordinate factories and workshops of the enterprise provide parts with the lowest cost, the best performance and reasonable cost performance for the assembly of the final products to form industrial finished products. Enterprises try to make profits by assembling a large number of self-made parts into final products for sale, but they can't guarantee that the self-made parts are in the best economic and technical performance. Then, the quality of the final product of an enterprise cannot be superior, and the market competitiveness of such products is bound to be limited. The more complex the product processing procedure is, the more parts are used to assemble the final product, and the higher the self-made rate of the final product using the self-made parts of the enterprise, which may mean the decline of competitiveness. Due to the limitation of resources and technical conditions, the relative state of scientific and technological progress of any enterprise is always unstable. Only in some key processes, it may be at a relatively advanced level, which is the core manufacturing capability of the enterprise, while in other processing processes or parts production, it is at a non-leading level.
This operation mode of self-supply, self-production and self-sales of enterprises is called vertically integrated supply chain, but it has been proved to be unworkable in the practice of most countries. For example, in the early 20th century, Henry Ford wanted to become a completely self-sufficient automobile giant, and planned to develop the world's first vertically integrated company consortium, such as opening a rubber garden to supply rubber for tires. At the peak of Ford's integration and expansion, it pursued a network of independent suppliers to provide products and services. However, the company is facing the obstacles of economic adjustment and trade unions. The kingdom of Ford finally ended in the disintegration of vertical integration. After all, Ford found that no manufacturer could be self-sufficient. In this "big and complete" enterprise structure and vertically integrated supply chain structure, it is difficult for enterprises to put their main energy and limited resources on their core business, but to put them into business activities on average, resulting in unreasonable utilization of their limited resources, lack of advanced equipment support for their core manufacturing capabilities and low overall efficiency of enterprises.
3. The development and innovation of the management mode of China industrial manufacturing enterprises.
With the maturity of logistics management, the management mode of global industrial manufacturing enterprises has also experienced a rapid development process. From MRP-I, MRP-II to ERP, the management activities of enterprises are developing in a rational and scientific direction.
Material requirements planning (MRP-I). This material planning management mode in industrial manufacturing enterprises is based on the principle of reducing inventory and avoiding supply shortage. On the basis of analyzing product assembly, the master-slave sequence and quantity matching relationship of goods needed at all structural levels of products are analyzed by using the principle of network planning. Taking every component needed to form the final product of an enterprise as the goal of planning management, and based on the operation time and completion time of each process, the timely and appropriate supply plan of each material is reversed, and the planned supply order of each material is issued separately, so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing the logistics organization of the enterprise.
Manufacturing resource planning (MRP-Ⅱ). This is a project planning management mode of raw material supply and finished product sales in industrial manufacturing enterprises. Based on the optimization of enterprise's overall benefit, it comprehensively plans, organizes, controls and coordinates all kinds of resources needed in the enterprise's production process, as well as WIP and finished products with different processing depths formed in the enterprise's own production process, so as to realize continuous and balanced production, minimize the inventory of raw materials and finished products in all links of the enterprise's production line, eliminate ineffective labor and reduce the waiting time of items in the enterprise. The principle of MRP-Ⅱ is to integrate modern management ideas, computer technology and modern manufacturing technology, aiming at optimizing resource allocation, effectively controlling inventory, shortening production cycle, reducing cost and reasonably occupying working capital, and improving internal management efficiency. The application of MRP-II can provide scientific quantitative analysis data for timely decision-making, inventory control and procurement management of enterprises, make the management process of enterprises more standardized and scientific, enhance the adaptability of enterprises to the information age, electronic network technology and e-commerce, consolidate the information infrastructure of enterprises, and gain greater production space and great development potential in the all-round competition of quality, price, delivery time and cost.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP). In 1990s, with the acceleration of global economic integration, the rapid development of IT technology and the wide application of network technology, a revolution in management mode with business process reengineering (BPR) as the main content and a revolution in management means with ERP system as the main application body was triggered worldwide. In the logistics management of supply chain-related enterprises, based on the implementation of MRP-II by enterprises, the enterprise management mode of enterprise management according to users' needs is realized by analyzing the supply of upstream enterprises, the demand information fed back by downstream enterprises and the state of capital flow in the supply chain. ERP system expands the scope and functions of resource management. In terms of production mode management and transaction control, ERP system can better adapt to the mixed manufacturing environment of multi-variety, small batch production and kanban production, and better meet and support the diversified requirements of enterprises. ERP system integrates design, manufacturing, sales, transportation and other related businesses in parallel, which improves the real-time analysis ability of enterprises on key issues such as quality, adapting to changes, satisfying customers and improving performance. ERP system is characterized by flexible integrated management, which supports lean production, synchronous engineering and agile manufacturing. ERP system embodies the whole process of planning and effective control, which requires giving full play to everyone's work potential and sense of responsibility in every process of business processing, emphasizing cooperation and team spirit among people, and promoting the transformation of enterprise management from "pyramid" organizational structure to "flat" organizational structure, thus greatly improving the adaptability of enterprises to the market.
In a word, the rapid development of the logistics industry in China has greatly promoted the reform of the management mode of industrial manufacturing enterprises in China. China is about to join the WTO, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for China's logistics industry and industrial manufacturing industry. We should keep up with the latest trend of world logistics development, manage China's industrial manufacturing industry in the most scientific way, establish a suitable enterprise management model system according to our own situation, and further improve the competitiveness of China enterprises in the world economy. For more management information, please refer to managing gas stations: jy365. ..
How to solve the ERP software problem of enterprise resource management is to find Shanghai Kangque Information.
Haikangque Information Technology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech company integrating computer software development, software sales, consulting implementation, technical maintenance and customized development.
For a long time, relying on "standard, mature and real-time" products and "timely, sincere and reliable" services, the company has been committed to promoting the informatization development of enterprises and institutions in Shanghai, taking it as its responsibility to help enterprises improve their management level. Starting from enterprise cost management, it has expanded to the application and service of ERP management software for enterprise resource planning, with customers all over the automobile, motorcycle, machinery, instrument, electronics, chemical industry, metallurgy and so on. The company has a large number of customers, including many internationally renowned multinational companies and well-known domestic enterprises, among which hundreds of enterprises have applied ERP software or applied it in stages. At the request of customers and according to the different needs of different enterprises, we provide different information solutions for enterprises and institutions to choose from.
The company has an excellent staff, various certified middle and senior engineers and experienced high-quality management talents, which has a strong influence in the same industry and is one of the key support units of "Shanghai Information Technology Support Center".
At the same time, we are also a member of the Information Promotion Association of Shanghai Small and Medium Enterprises Association, responsible for the information service in Shanghai and actively promoting the information construction of small and medium enterprises in Shanghai.
The company is people-oriented, honest and enterprising, adhering to the enterprise spirit of "professionalism, dedication, honesty and pragmatism", and is willing to "cooperate sincerely with customers and be reliable friends of customers" and forge ahead hand in hand with * * * to create greater glories!
How to understand the three port modes of switches Aess, hybrid and trunk aess ports are interfaces that only allow one currently bound LAN to pass through, and trunk ports are interfaces that allow multiple LANs to pass through.
When data passes through aess port, it is not marked. When it passes through trunk port, it must be marked on the LAN where it is located, except for native LAN.
Don't worry about the rest.
Combining with enterprises, this paper analyzes how to understand entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs are people with entrepreneurial spirit who participate in the organization and management of enterprises. Entrepreneurship describes a unique temperament of entrepreneurs, which enables enterprises to overcome various obstacles in the process of growing up from scratch and from small to large through effective management and innovation.
The essence of entrepreneurship is entrepreneurs' persistent desire for organizational growth and their ability to respond to needs. It is this desire that makes entrepreneurs constantly pursue technological and institutional innovation, and the ability to adapt to demand helps entrepreneurs keenly grasp the pulse of the market and quickly launch the products and services that are most suitable for the market through management and innovation.
For example, refer to ①.
George eastman, the founder of Kodak Company, has been developing, improving, producing and selling photographic films all his life, and he has made a lot of money. It stands to reason that he should be very satisfied, but he feels that he is not pursuing money, but the perfection of the photographic film industry. In his later years, he felt that his career could never be broken, so he jumped into the sea and committed suicide. This is a typical entrepreneur. Of course, this is an extreme case, but people can still get a glimpse of the inner world of a real entrepreneur and his crazy pursuit of ideals.
For example, please refer to ②.
Both Adobe and Macromedia make money by selling creative software to professionals. Their software is widely used in PCs all over the world, and they are highly complementary. As far as products are concerned, they are more like twins who were separated at birth than their competitors. As a pioneer of PDF, Adobe focuses on the field of document processing, while Macromedia plays an important role in the rapidly developing field of web design and mobile.
But as far as corporate culture is concerned, the two companies have different styles. Macromedia's headquarters in San Francisco is inconspicuous, and some employees joked that its appearance "looks like a bank". Adobe is located in two buildings in San Jose. Macromedia company advocates creativity, and the frenzied working rhythm makes many employees often have to fight late into the night. Adobe executives are much more relaxed and peaceful, which also gives them more time to have dinner with their families.
On February 3, 2005, Adobe and Macromedia merged. Bruce, CEO of Adobe
Chizen) after the merger, the first operation is to put the employees of the original Macromedia company in some key positions, in order to let the new enterprise continue to inherit the fine tradition of Macromedia company. Pinocchio once said, "We hope to dig out that great entrepreneurial spirit from Macromedia and bring it to Adobe."
How to understand the influence of five forces model on enterprise strategy? The five forces in the five-force model determine the five main sources of competition. Feasible strategies should first include identifying and evaluating these five forces. The characteristics and importance of different forces vary with different industries and companies.
1. Industry Competition Status
Reference factors: competition structure, industrial structure cost, strategic objectives, exit obstacles, product differentiation degree;
2. The bargaining power of the buyer
Reference factors: the concentration of buyers, the standardization of products, the switching cost of buyers, the substitution degree of substitutes, the universality of bulk purchase and the profit rate of buyers; The influence of buyers on the profitability of the industry lies in that buyers can force down the price or demand higher quality or more services. In order to achieve this goal, they may let manufacturers compete with each other, or they may not buy goods from any manufacturer. )
3. The bargaining power of suppliers
Reference factors: supplier industry concentration, supplier brand, supplier profit rate, supplier switching cost, supplier forward integration strategic intention, etc. The main way for suppliers to influence competitors in the industry is to raise prices or reduce the quality of products or services they provide. )
4. The threat of alternatives
Reference factors: the quality of substitutes, the price of substitutes, and the switching cost of buyers' choice of substitutes; (Substitutes refer to products with the same or similar functions as customers' products, and every enterprise in the industry must deal with the threat posed by substitutes to some extent)
5, the threat of new entrants
Reference factors: accessibility of distribution channels, possibility of technical support, difficulty of entering barriers, brand loyalty, investment demand, expected ambition, * * rules, etc. New entrants to an industry usually bring a lot of resources and extra production capacity, and demand market share. In addition to a perfectly competitive market, new entrants to the industry may shake the whole market. )
How to Understand Equality Philosophers and sociologists have different understandings of equality, so their theories are quite different. But the basic knowledge is still there: it conforms to ethics and human intuition, and it is logical and persuasive in reality. This is called "the balance of reflection" by Rawls. Intuition and realistic logic interact and are revised repeatedly to achieve the final balance.
But even so, this knowledge is too basic to find the same characteristics of flowers and fruits produced by this seed. Therefore, it seems that there is a further understanding that the result of human behavior should be less influenced by uncontrollable factors such as birth, gender, nationality and race, and more related to controllable factors such as hard work.
Under this understanding, many traditional equality theories are self-defeating. For example, the theory that only involves equality of results or equality of procedures, regardless of the differences of starting factors, is unconvincing, no matter how rigorous the logic is, because it violates the ethics and intuition of equality. Moreover, the equality of results faces the definition of results. If the subjective results of utility and welfare are equal, interpersonal differences will become a huge obstacle. Beggars can fill their stomachs and laugh. Greedy people, even if they are rich, still frown. This is related to a person's subjective well-being, and subjective well-being is related to people's preferences, and preferences are related to people's innate or acquired environment. Therefore, turning a blind eye to these factors and directly adopting the theory of equality of subjective results is tantamount to defending various inequalities in reality. If the objective results are equal, it is easy to fall into the misunderstanding of absolute egalitarianism, for example, everyone's wealth, housing area and education level should be the same. Not to mention that society can't be realized, even imagination can't accept it. People have the freedom to display their talents in all fields, and they have the right to choose their own direction of efforts. More importantly, society is inherently pluralistic, and people's pursuits and preferences cannot be the same, so the forced equality of results is unacceptable in fact and intuitively.
The other is procedural equality, which holds that as long as the competition procedure is fair, people will have the same development opportunities. There is nothing to complain about, and it seems that it depends entirely on their own efforts. But when you think about it, it's not that simple. It is necessary to examine the connotation of this opportunity, or in what sense it is open to all equally. If the basic requirement for a job is a bachelor's degree, then this opportunity is only open to people who have gone to college. If I didn't go to college, but I am also qualified for this job, I am not a choice. Unless all application conditions are closely related to competence, it seems to be procedural equality, otherwise it can only be called procedural equality at a certain stage or above a certain threshold. Even if the threshold unrelated to work ability is removed, everyone has the opportunity to compete. Can it be called equality? Otherwise. Because the ability of the work itself is determined by many factors. If these factors are uncontrollable, they cannot be said to be equivalent. However, it is impossible for a social system to eliminate the uncontrollable factors of all people, and it can only reflect their efforts. However, an ideal society that regards freedom, equality and happiness as basic human rights should be as close to this ideal as possible in institutional arrangements.
How to understand the crowdfunding model of Liduoduo P2P platform? You can go to the platform to ask and have a look.
The customer service staff will give you the answer.