Campus is an important place for students to learn knowledge. With the continuous improvement of people's quality of life, people have more and more requirements for study and life. The design of campus public space is also particularly important. So, how to design a good campus public environment? The following is the design of campus public space that I arranged for you, hoping to help you.
comprehensive design of campus public space
Abstract Modern educational concept puts forward new requirements for university campus. Campus public space has become one of the main places for informal communication and individual activities, and its spatial quality and vitality have a profound impact on the academic atmosphere and campus culture of university campus. Based on communication activities, this paper focuses on the relationship between spatial form and activities, hoping to use human behavior or social activities to inspire environmental design and explore how to create a sense of belonging and humanized public communication space on campus.
keywords: public space design of campus communication activities
A university campus can't be built overnight, its construction is a century-long project, and the creation of its place spirit has to go through years of precipitation. Campus public space design will profoundly affect the development of campus, including the formation of its place spirit, the quality of teaching, and even the individualized development of students, so it is of great significance to study it. In many newly-built campuses, the huge scale, fast construction speed and lack of long-term sustainable development considerations have affected users' feelings and use needs. This paper classifies and analyzes the public space of the university campus that has been built, reconstructed and under construction, and puts forward the comprehensive design requirements of the public space of the campus from three aspects: planning, architecture and landscape.
1. Planning mode of campus public space? Overall consideration and rich levels
The main space frame of the university campus is established on the basis of the old campus structure. In addition to the three common layout forms of series, group and homogeneous, it is designed by combining several structural forms and according to the characteristics of land use. The new campus life has been diversified and modernized, and the comprehensive and flexible layout can provide users with more diverse venues for activities. To sum up, there are three kinds of campus layout: open layout, intensive layout and comprehensive layout.
The campus space form of open layout is relatively free, and it does not form a strong enclosed form, but mostly combines well with the terrain to form a natural spatial relationship. However, due to the lack of architectural control over the space field, it is easy to cause scale discomfort. For example, the Zhuhai Campus of Sun Yat-sen University is an open layout. Although the library and the main teaching building form the main axis of the campus, the external space scale is huge, and it is still impossible to enclose and limit the space. We should pay attention to the control of the spatial rhythm and strengthen it by various means.
The intensive layout appears mostly in the small but refined school construction. It focuses on architecture and emphasizes the intensive use of space. Generally speaking, the proportion of external space is small. In Hong Kong, a densely populated city, intensive campus layout is the most common. Hong Kong University, Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts and Hong Kong Polytechnic are all such examples. The campus of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts in Guangzhou University Town and the new campus of China Academy of Art also belong to intensive layout, especially in the new campus of China Academy of Art, besides the necessary sports and activity venues, the campus is the building, and the building is the campus. Entering the building is also entering the campus, focusing on the development of the internal space of the central teaching building, and designing a moving spatial artistic image under harsh conditions.
Most campuses with comprehensive layout are applied to large-scale comprehensive newly-built campuses. Due to the abundant regional resources and complicated terrain changes in the new campus, it is obvious that a single layout form cannot be universally used in the construction of the whole campus. Its campus development model strives to be compact in the near future and reasonable in the long term, and enough expansion land is reserved. For example, Zhejiang University Zijingang New Campus, Southwest Jiaotong University New Campus, Nanjing University Pukou Campus, etc.
in addition, in many large traditional colleges and universities, due to the large area, rapid development and various reasons, a non-single center structure has gradually formed. For example, the East-West Campus of Tsinghua University, the Liberal Arts District, the Science District and the Central Teaching District of Peking University and Wuhan University, although this practice is a layout adjustment based on the original campus, it is still a practice worthy of reference.
At present, many newly-built campus plans are divided into buildings by use types, such as teaching buildings, libraries, administrative offices, gymnasiums, etc., and it is difficult to form a multi-center and multi-domain structure.
In fact, this layout is of great benefit to the utilization of space resources, the independent development of disciplines and the internal communication between teachers and students. On the one hand, with the public service area as the center, the radial arrangement of other disciplines can effectively control the walking distance between teachers and students within the service radius of the public service area, greatly improve its use efficiency, and ensure that the campus facilities are still fully utilized and the walking distance can still be mastered, which can form a pleasant area in scale; On the other hand, the multi-group sub-center structure can form a multi-level public * * * communication space, which provides a suitable place for exchanges between colleges and disciplines.
second, buildings are enclosed to form outdoor space? Space handover and interface formation
1. The building itself is enclosed to form a public * * * communication place? Generally speaking, the courtyard, patio, attached green space, etc. in the building itself are small in scale, comfortable and pleasant, and are the main places for teachers and students to have a rest and activities during recess. Most of the communication activities in this type of space are professional-related conversations and discussions, and the environment needed is relatively quiet, so we should provide sufficient measures for leaning and enclosing so as to stay.
2. The buildings are enclosed to form a public * * * communication place? An important central square on campus, which is surrounded by multiple buildings. Large scale, regular shape and strong centripetal force are the characteristics of this kind of outdoor places. There are many kinds of activities that can be held in the square, ranging from large-scale celebrations in schools to games and play for children. The types of people used are also relatively complex, and the use requirements have been improved, and various facilities are needed to meet various requirements. In these large space designs, first, we should pay attention to the regional refinement in the space and divide the fields with appropriate design modulus; The second is to strengthen the outdoor identification of the campus and form an eye-catching and strongly oriented campus identification system; Third, we should give more consideration to the overall scale, pattern and texture from the aesthetic point of view, and create a public place with beautiful environment.
the edge of the building, outdoor communication places outside the building? Natural mountains, lakes, green spaces and sports fields on campus all belong to this category. They are the areas with the most beautiful environment, the most pleasant climate and the greatest variability on campus. They are places for rest, entertainment and exercise outside of study, and people like to carry out greening cultivation and maintenance in these places. At the same time, it is necessary to increase relevant measures, provide adequate lighting and do a good job in safety protection.
third, the campus transportation system? Walking first and crossing the campus road moderately
is the traffic contact mode between the campus and the city and inside the campus. Like the urban road system, it is divided into three types: pure vehicular road, pure pedestrian road and mixed pedestrian road, which is a basic element of the campus landscape. When people pass on the road, they can often form the image of the whole campus by feeling the transformation of space, and people's impression of the campus is made up of fragments of scenes and events experienced in the process of crossing. Because of walking between different areas, indoor and outdoor, a series of public open spaces are connected in series by the walking system, forming a strong spatial sequence relationship.
Unlike the urban road system, the campus road system is not too restrictive, but more free in form. People meet and stop to talk on the way can be seen everywhere. If there is a stopover boundary next to the road, people will even go through or reach this area purposefully for activities, so the campus road system can not only have the function of traffic connection, but also bear part of the communication needs and become a? A meeting place on the road? .
fourth, comprehensive design techniques? Creating a vibrant, accessible, pleasant and perceivable campus outdoor communication space
1. Whether the scale treatment is appropriate or not is one of the keys to the success or failure of public space design, and no one wants to stay in a place with uncomfortable scale. It includes the scale relationship between man and entity, space, entity and entity, space and entity, etc. Scale can be divided into overall spatial scale and internal use scale.
firstly, a set of data in Urban Space Design is quoted, where d stands for distance and h stands for height. When the distance between people and entities changes from far to near, people's cognition of outdoor entities gradually deepens. The data on the right shows that when d/h <; 1, people will feel cohesive, quiet and depressed; At 13 o'clock, the place will make people feel empty and scattered. Therefore, the ratio of D to H should be between 1 in many free squares with pleasant environment, affiliated outdoor communication places such as teaching buildings, libraries, auditoriums and activity centers. Between three.
In fact, some campus main squares or main assembly areas want to create a proper sense of openness, and the ratio of D to H is often greater than 3. In this regard, Mr. Yoshinobu Ruhara of Japan discussed the outdoor space scale in detail in "External Space Design", and he proposed that the outdoor space scale should be 21? 25 meters is the design modulus. Every 21? 25 meters, or repetitive rhythm, or changes in materials, or changes in ground elevation, can break its monotony even in a large space, and sometimes it will suddenly come alive? . (2) in order to make the scale of the public * * * communication place close and pleasant, designers should pay attention to the division of the external space into small areas without affecting the overall sense, so as to promote the formation of communication.
2. Shape
Simply put, there are two shapes of outdoor communication space on campus? Regular and irregular shapes. Most of the outdoor spaces produced by the design of the site are regular, while most of the outdoor spaces formed by the surrounding roads and buildings are irregular.
outdoor communication places with regular shapes are often found in large squares, especially in newly-built university campuses. Due to more consideration in planning and design, the shapes of most campus squares are relatively regular, reasonable and traceable. This type of communication place is conducive to holding large-scale assembly activities, and the route of people flowing in and out is quite clear, with a strong sense of centripetal and stability. It is the outdoor communication space with the largest instantaneous flow of people in the campus and the most obvious symbol. Such as the main square of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou University Town and the main square of South China University of Technology.
from another angle, the irregular shape of the public * * * communication place, like all irregular composition, sometimes makes people feel casual and natural, and sometimes it can make people feel excited and exciting, which has an attractive, novel and interesting effect. The affiliated activity venues and natural green spaces of building entities are mostly irregular in shape, and are also places for teachers and students to rest and entertain. ? Most of the activities in the large-scale communication space are organized and thematic participation, and the activities scattered in various free activity venues and natural green spaces are the true manifestation of campus communication. ? Therefore, whether the activities carried out in the outdoor communication space with irregular shape are active or not is an important criterion for evaluating campus vitality. To create and continue the vitality of the campus, we must pay attention to the design of this part of the free-form activity venue. China Academy of Art Leisure Little Square, Guangzhou University Town, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Guangzhou Pharmaceutical College all belong to this category.
It should be noted that the irregular shape does not mean that you can be too casual, but you should show a certain center or theme in a relatively complete space, and use flexible enclosure to form a vague interface definition. Moreover, the internal space can also be divided into small functional areas according to the above-mentioned scale design principles, and some facilities should be provided to meet the needs of communication.
3. Texture and color
Spatial texture refers to the surface texture of the facade, structures, space floors and facilities of building entities that form an interface.
forming a unified spatial texture can give people the feeling of continuous interface, which is conducive to the communication and extension between two different outdoor spaces and indoor and outdoor. The common method is to combine the design of building facades or structures, and use the same or similar materials, splicing ratio, concave-convex changes, colors and so on to create an overall sense of space. When people pass by or stay, they will feel comfortable and smooth in space. In some excellent designs, the facade and the ground can even be treated in a unified way with a unique decoration process, which is especially suitable for some special activities, forming a unique communication atmosphere and leaving a unique communication image.
color is an important means to shape spatial character and create a place atmosphere. In the design of urban public space, color is widely used, especially in some pedestrian commercial streets or commercial squares, most of them use gorgeous colors as advertisements and facade colors to attract people, which has a stimulating effect on promoting consumers' shopping. In the construction of most old campuses, the overall color of the campus is relatively simple and elegant, with blue-gray, dark green and crimson in the majority, revealing a sense of stability and history. However, in the newly-built university campus, it is suggested to adopt more active colors. On the one hand, bright color design can have a clear logo function, and some active colors are helpful to show the personality of the new campus; On the other hand, the external environment of the new campus has not been perfected in a certain period of time. It will also be of great help to promote campus communication by using outdoor space and color changes of buildings as tips and guidance for places.
Generally speaking, campus space should be bright and generous in color, and avoid clutter.
For example, the inner courtyard of the teaching building of South China Normal University in Guangzhou University Town is treated with three colors of blue, yellow and green, which highlights the vitality of the university campus in a strict order. Another example is the teaching buildings, squares and courtyards in China Academy of Art, whose color tone is mainly white and gray, giving people a sense of tranquility and elegance.
4. Ground
Ground refers to the ground design in outdoor communication places, including water surface. People's communication and activities all take place on a certain ground, so the design of the ground is very important.
The pavement of the site is decorative, which can not only beautify the overall environment, but also set off local buildings, sketches and sculptures. The overall floor color and pattern design can also establish an organic and harmonious connection between scattered venues, making the environment more unified. The materials available are various, such as colored ceramic square brick, antique square brick, granite, square brick, concrete, etc. Different materials can form different personalities, either rigorous or lively, or elegant or rough, which need to be consistent with the characteristics of communication activities and environmental atmosphere in different public spaces on campus.
5. Sketches and facilities
Sketches and facilities are the most eye-catching and effective elements in campus space.