Definition of noun 1, a word that indicates the name of a person or thing, such as' person, cow, water, friendship, group, today, middle, Beijing, Confucius'. 2. (Noun) Terms or words with similar terms (not limited to grammatical nouns): chemical nouns | new nouns 3. Words expressing concepts in syllogism structure. [Edit this paragraph] Definition nouns are names that represent people, things, places or abstract concepts. For example: Desk Time Time Life Books Room Honest Workers Pencil Pencil Computer Homework Usage: A word that is the subject or object of a verb in a sentence, or a word that represents a name in an independent structure, or a word that is predicative after a verb is connected [Edit this paragraph]. Classified nouns are divided into proper nouns and common nouns: proper nouns representing specific people, things, places or institutions. For example: Tom Tom China China Asia Beijing Common nouns: names that represent someone, something, substance or abstract concepts. For example, nouns commonly used by teaching reform teachers can be further divided into four categories: 1) individual nouns: indicating a single person and thing. Horse Car Car Room Apple Apple Fan Fan Photo 2) collective noun: The name of a group of people or things. People's family, family, army, government, government group 3) Material nouns: substances that indicate substances or individuals that do not have a certain shape and size. Fire, fire, steel, air, water, milk 4) abstract nouns: indicating action, state, quality or other abstract concepts. Labor, health, healthy life, friendship, friendship, patience and endurance nouns can be divided into countable nouns and uncountable nouns. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Proper nouns, individual nouns, countable nouns, collective noun, common nouns, uncountable nouns and abstract nouns can be singular or plural. One book, one book, two books and two books are uncountable nouns: undifferentiated, plural; Abstract nouns, material nouns and proper nouns are generally uncountable nouns. There are several nouns of sand sugar that are countable and uncountable, but their meanings are different. Glass glass cellophane papers newspapers and documents [Edit this paragraph] The functional nouns of nouns are used as adverbials in sentences as subject, object, preposition object, object complement, predication and noun phrases. 1. Subject: The schoolbag is in the desk. The schoolbag is in the desk. I washed clothes yesterday. I washed clothes yesterday. 3. Prediction: This is a good book. This is a good book. We elected him as our monitor. We elected him as our monitor. Mary lives with her parents. Mary lives with her parents. He is a party member. He is a party member. [Edit this paragraph] The plural number of nouns is 1) generally plus s 2) words ending in S, X, sh, ch plus es 3) words ending in vowels +y directly +s boys, days, toys 4) nouns ending in consonants +y, change Y to I, and add es city, babies, factors.5) nouns. If there is no life, such as photos, add S directly. Although a few nouns end in -o or -f, only -s is added when they become plural, such as radiopianos photos roofs. 6) For words ending in F or fe, change F or fe to V first, and then add -es 7) For words ending in ce, se, ze, (d)ge and add -s, the plural forms of some nouns in English are irregular, so we should remember them one by one. In English, nouns have three cases: nominative case, accusative case and possessive case. Their forms and changes show the relationship with other words. In fact, the nominative and accusative cases are determined by their functions and positions in sentences. Noun possessive case: the form of expressing all relations in nouns is called noun possessive case. The possessive case of plural nouns ending in -s or -es only adds "'"after the noun. The possessive case "s" of compound nouns is added after the latter noun. If something is owned by two people, just add "'s" after the latter noun. . Generally, there is an "S" in the plural suffix of nouns, so only the "S" is added when the possessive case changes, but the special plural of nouns should be added. For example, children is the plural form of children's nouns. Words modified by the possessive case of nouns must be added when changing, and sometimes they can be omitted. As mentioned before, it still refers to the location. The dual possessive subject pronoun of nouns cannot be prefixed with a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, serious, no, every, every, such as this, another, and which. Nouns must be modified with the dual possessive case. The formula is: a, an, this, that+ noun +of+ noun subject pronoun. 1. The dual possessive case consists of the abiotic possessive case (i.e. the noun of+) and the biological possessive case (such as mother's, Tom's, etc.). ) * * *.2. The dual possessive case can be the possessive case of noun +of+ noun, in which the noun after the biological possessive case behind of is omitted; It can also be a noun of+and all pronouns of+. After Stephen's possessive case, nouns are omitted, and the number of students represented by possessive case exceeds the three mentioned in this paper. 3. The dual possessive case consists +of+ a, an, this, that, these, which+, any, some, each, every, many, more, most, that, that, no, much, another, seven, enough, that, one, Two and other articles, demonstrative adjectives, and so on. 2) The possessive case of nouns indicating inanimate things generally forms a phrase with of, indicating that the former belongs to the latter. [Edit this paragraph] Sexual English nouns can be divided into four types if analyzed from the perspective of biological natural gender: masculine, feminine, universal and neutral. Generally speaking, most nouns have no part-of-speech form of sex. Most English nouns are neutral. For some representative English nouns, different English nouns are used instead of morphological changes of a word. For example, masculine: the noun for male or male animal is, father, man and boy are feminine; the noun for female or female animal is, mother, woman and girl are universal; the name for a certain category does not emphasize gender. Children, babies, friends, animals, fish, neutrality: refers to inanimate material names and abstract names, desks, pens, chairs and rooms [edit this paragraph] Note: The classification of English names is complex, and its singular and plural problems, as well as countable or uncountable problems directly affect the use of predicate verbs, articles and pronouns. Please pay attention to the following questions. When the name is the subject, the predicate verb must be consistent with the person number of its subject. These books are mine, not yours. These books are mine, not yours. Miss Li teaches us English. Miss Li teaches us English. When the collective name is the subject, the predicate verb can be singular or plural. Using singular means treating the collective name as a whole, and using plural means treating the collective name as a part or member of the whole. His family is very big. He has a big family. His family are all teachers. His family are all teachers. Verbs are plural. We in China are brave and hardworking. We in China are hardworking and brave. When the following nouns, such as news, mathematics, physics and politics, are used as subjects, the predicate verb is singular. The good news is that we passed the exam. The good news is that we passed the exam. When the following nouns are the subject, the predicate verb is plural. Do you know where my pants are? Do you know where my pants are? The noun connected with and is the subject, and the predicate verb is plural. She and her sister are in the same school. She and her sister are in the same school. In There be sentence pattern, the predicate verb is consistent with the adjacent subject. There are two apples and an egg in it. There are two apples and an egg in it. When used with a noun, the predicate verb is consistent with the first noun. He and I are both responsible for this. Not only I but also he is responsible for this. Also ... or, there ... not only ... but also when connecting nouns, the predicate verb is consistent with the adjacent subject. Either you or he must hand in the report. Either you or he must hand in the report. [Edit this paragraph] Noun formula: People and things have their own names, which can distinguish thousands of names. It means that the name is a noun, but the concrete abstraction is different. Time, space and place, direction and position all have proper nouns. Both subject and object can be fixed, and nouns have multiple functions. [Edit this paragraph] The difference between present participle and gerund. Gerund and present participle are both called verbs, that is, words derived from verbs, which still have the nature and original meaning of verbs, but cannot be used as verbs. The main difference between gerund and present participle is: 1. If v-ing is an attribute in a sentence, it may be a present participle or a gerund. The difference is that when a gerund is used as an attribute, it can explain the purpose of the modified noun (it can be replaced by the structure of "use for+ gerund"), and it has no subject-predicate relationship with the modified noun logically; When the present participle is used as an attribute, it means that the behavior of the noun it modifies has a logical subject-predicate relationship with the noun it modifies (which can be extended to an attributive clause); There is another way to distinguish: if the ing form is equivalent to a noun and can be interchanged with the subject, it is a gerund. If -ing is equivalent to an adjective and cannot be interchanged with the subject, it is a present participle. For example: sleeping car = car for sleeping (sleeping is a gerund here) sleeping child = sleeping child (sleeping is a present participle here) 2. Gerunds have the nature of nouns: there can be articles or adjectives such as this and some like nouns; For example, hearing a knock at the door can be possessive and plural like nouns; He likes reading for the sake of reading, not for learning. He is so busy that I can't keep track of all his comings and goings. All qualified actors can use it. Please forgive me for coming late. 3. The pronunciations of "gerund+noun" and "present participle+noun" are different. The former is stressed on gerund (a pajamas), while the latter is stressed on noun (a sleeping child). 4. Special case of gerund usage 1 no+gerund-used for short prohibition or prohibition of alcohol, for example, smoking is prohibited. It is equivalent to not doing it, for example, not smoking. Nothing is impossible, no one can, and no one can. It is hard to say when peace will come. No one knows when permanent peace will come. Never (or never) ... No+-(Every time ... he will bring some gifts every time he comes. It goes without saying (... it goes without saying) = It is necessary to say. Needless to say, no animal can survive without breathing. ⑤do+ gerund (doing something that takes some time or repetition)-add an adjective before the gerund, such as the, all cases or some/a little/ much/ a lot. Do you often fish? On (or on)+-(when ..., a ... only ... he showed me a picture he drew himself. He came to see me on New Year's Day. On the verge of reaching the level of. If v-ing acts as adverbial and complement in a sentence, then it must be a present participle. If v-ing acts as subject, object and appositive in a sentence, it must be a gerund. /Waiyu/