Small town construction

The concept of small town: it is a constant transformation from a social society to a modern village-in-city industry. In a broad sense, small towns, small cities and small towns, cities do not have township governments (rural towns) and purely fair trade cities approved by the state, including cities with a population of less than 200,000. This is a densely populated settlement in different large and medium-sized cities and rural areas, with a certain scale, mainly engaged in non-agricultural activities. Small towns in a narrow sense include towns and cities below the county level. Category:

Two, in the following small towns, according to the administrative establishment category: local residents, county, county, market town.

Classification by reason: such small towns with prosperous economy, developed transportation and good use of natural resources;

Classification-based features: mining towns, small towns, tourist towns and satellite towns functions based on traffic functions.

Development strategy, that is, the background of small towns: in 2030, China will enter the "fast lane" of urbanization, and the level of urbanization is expected to be more than 50% in small towns, and the social structure will change in the process of the basic transformation from traditional agricultural society to modern urban society.

1。 Small towns and rural construction: the development of small towns is an important transformation, which is of great significance to solving the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers in urban and rural areas, especially the transfer of agricultural surplus labor.

2。 Coordinated development, the leaders of small towns and cities, megacities and big cities, small and medium-sized cities, small towns and large and medium-sized cities are the centers of ties, and they form an organic whole on the basis of coordination and internal relations.

3。 Developing the road of small town construction

The role of four small towns in the current urbanization process

Inevitable choice. "Reservoir surplus labor and rural throttling.

About 20 billion surplus laborers are in rural areas, and there are more than 70 big cities with a population of over 500,000. It is very difficult to arrange such a huge surplus labor force, develop small towns, wealthy farmers, invest and set up factories, and increase employment space in small towns' commercial development, secondary industry and tertiary industry, which has broken the transfer of rural labor force.

2。 Small towns are the "balance pole" for coordinating urban and rural development.

Small towns with all-round development will not appear in urban and rural areas. At the intersection of urban and rural integration, whether it is the coordinated development of cities or the role of rural characteristics, the concept, technology, information and management experience of connecting cities will spread to the vast rural areas, and hundreds of millions of farmers will be exposed to the media of urban civilization. It is necessary to strengthen the connection between urban and rural areas and avoid the development trap of "big cities are expanding and rural areas are declining" in many developing countries. Therefore, development and small town construction are inevitable in the process of urbanization with China characteristics.

3。 "Propellant" for the Construction of Urbanization Small Towns

4。 The "carrier" of spiritual civilization construction in small towns

Material civilization and spiritual civilization are closely related and promote each other. Rural industrialization and urbanization are conducive to improving the quality of residents' products. In small towns, a certain degree of culture, education, science, technology, health knowledge, information services, demonstration and guidance of rural areas, education, science, technology, health and urban cultural lifestyles, science and technology have spread to rural areas and become valuable resources to promote rural economic and social development.

The principles of the five small towns are: respect for laws, gradual progress, scientific planning according to local actual conditions, focusing on deepening reform, innovative mechanisms, overall consideration and coordinated development.

VI flight theory, town BR/& gt；; Fei Fei Fei Xiaotong was the first to point out that China's reform and opening-up policy was implemented in the development of township enterprises in China. His field visits to the development of township enterprises and small towns, the development of industrialization in China, the sociological study of the relationship between the development and change of small towns, the development of farmers and agricultural township enterprises and small towns, and the driving force of urbanization and modernization. Fei Xiaotong conceived the basic framework of rural industrialization and urbanization in view of the development of township enterprises and small towns in the local economic and social system.

Mainly in large and medium-sized cities, urbanization and rural industrialization advocated by Fei Xiaotong in small towns are the direct driving forces for the development of small towns. Fei Xiaotong advocates a faster game of population "two chess eyes:" First, all these reservoirs in the mainland are evacuated to the sparsely populated border areas to develop resources and develop the population of small towns 1983. The article puts forward the concept of exploring the economic development model of small towns. Fei Xiaotong, by region? Economic development, different regions, different topography, resources, transportation, economic development direction, natural, cultural and historical factors have different characteristics.

Seven. The momentum of small towns?

Rural industrialization is the direct driving force for the development of small towns, and it is also the characteristic of the development of rural industrialization road.

What are the challenges faced by small towns in China?

A: Small towns in China face the following challenges:

BR/>； 1) the relationship between small town construction and economic development: how to change the lag between urbanization and economic development;

2) how to protect the ecological environment and bypass the ecologically damaged environment in the construction of small towns;

3) The construction of small towns and the shortage of resources, how to establish efficient and energy-saving small towns;

4) Contradictory poverty, housing, traffic and crime in the construction of small towns;

5) Small towns and employment: how to solve the employment problem.

2. Opportunities faced by the construction of small towns, in China and locally?

A: The opportunities faced by small towns in China are mainly manifested in the following aspects:

1) China's accession to the World Trade Organization will accelerate the development of small towns in China. (1) The funds injected by economic globalization into the development of small towns; ② The speed of the construction of small towns in the western region.

2) Break through the "bottleneck" in the construction of rich peasants and the development of small towns. "Beyond national boundaries, break the shortage and circulation of agricultural products.

3) Substantial breakthroughs have been made, breaking the gap between urban and rural areas, small towns, urban-rural separation and urban-rural integration, urban-rural isolation and urban-rural integration.

What is the development trend of small towns?

A: The future of small towns in China will show the following trends:

1) in some small towns, to reduce the quality and expand the scale.

2) Existing small towns? Differentiation, some people will develop into emerging small cities or large and medium-sized cities, while others will disappear.

3) It will narrow the gap between small towns in the east.

4) Historical changes in status

The construction of short-board township enterprises in small towns has been gradually improved, and China's market economic system has broken down barriers, which is conducive to the country's policy guidance for cities and small cities and rural areas, and will move toward in-depth development, eventually achieving urban-rural integration and completing the sacred mission entrusted to it by history

4. Brief introduction of small town construction modes in different regions of China.

A: 1) eastern small town model. Small towns in the eastern region are the most successful models in China, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Wenzhou, in the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province, are the most typical models in southern Jiangsu.

2) Specific mode. In the initial stage, the small towns in the economically developed areas in the east and central China and the small towns in the central provinces are the representatives of the Shuangyang model in Nanyang, Henan and Xiangfan, Hubei.

3) Differences of small town models in the western region. The construction of small towns in the western region can adopt the following modes: pulling and driving industrial and mining, developing tourism, transportation hub and commercial center, border crossings, suburban integration, geographical and cultural upgrading, and integrating east and west to develop agricultural industrialization. Settlement types of bingtuan.

Incidence rate of small town model

& gt: 1) government-led model.

) the pattern of urban radiation.

3) Resource-driven development model.

4) Market-oriented mode

5) Promote tourism and cultural patterns.

6. Analysis of local small town model.

A: Yaolin Town belongs to tourism culture and has a promotion model. The former Yaolin Town was in a commune in southern South Africa, at the southern end of the bridge. Hundreds of people are in the countryside, let alone developing small towns? As early as the 1970s, Yaolin was a fairyland, and now its location is called Dong Qian Village. Yaolin's house has more than a dozen broken walls, which is an expedient measure for more than a dozen farmers. Promote the development of catering, hotels, transportation, tourism, commodities and other industries of permanent residents, especially in the south where the non-agricultural population is increasing rapidly. After 20 years of construction and development, Yaolin Town, a people's commune, has gradually developed this town into a city. In the town party committee, the government follows the principle of "focusing on developing industry, agriculture and tourism in the political, economic and cultural center", relying on tourism resources, 1 Red Lantern, the famous scenic spot of art institute of chicago, the grandmother of Red Lantern, with more than 1 10,000 visitors every year. The town's economy is developing rapidly, and printing and packaging, food and beverage, knitting clothes and wires are available. In 200 1 year, the industrial and agricultural output value is 650 million yuan, and the fiscal revenue is1305 million yuan. For three years in a row, the key rural industries determined by the county party committee and government have entered the new century, and the leaders of the town party committee and government have basically achieved the goals of agricultural modernization and rural areas. Being pragmatic, pioneering, enterprising and pursuing Excellence are the development goals of industrial cities and tourist towns.

In 2004, the existing Yaolin Town was adjusted, and the original Yaolin Town Puxiang and Gao Xiang Township merged.

Perfecting the resource model of Fuchunjiang town to promote development.

7. What factors promote the development of small towns? What factors hinder the development of small towns?

A: Dynamic factors:

1) The basic driving forces of agriculture are: (1) the contribution of grain; ② Contribution of raw materials; Gather the contribution of labor force and promote the contribution of land.

2) The core driving force of the industry: capital, manpower, technology, resources and other production factors, forming and developing small towns in a limited space.

3) The motive force of the tertiary industry: transportation, commerce and catering services, promoting the improvement of rural urbanization (concept renewal, lifestyle change and quality of life improvement).

4) The spatial agglomeration of enterprises that collect residents' economic interests or save costs as the driving force for economic growth, the internal driving force for the expansion of small towns, the remote and poor industrial agglomeration that promotes population agglomeration, convenient transportation, and the direction rich in local mobility.

5) Power supply: the comparative advantage of industries with low agricultural comparative advantage, the tension of non-agricultural door drive and agricultural sector thrust, and agricultural production factors inevitably flow to non-agricultural sectors.

6) Policy: (1) National macroeconomic policy (development direction of small towns and roads); ② Specific national policies (land, family and industrial policies); ③ Local power policies (taxation, land use and industrial policies).

7) Location advantage: convenient transportation, and the recent closure of resources will drive the market.

Resistance factors:

1) resistance of rural labor force quality (culture, technology and concept) BR />2) resistance of uncoordinated interaction between township enterprises and small towns (enterprises scattered in small towns are too dense and too random, and small-scale production and sales are sluggish, etc. ).

3) the external system and policy environment of traditional cultural conflict (self-sufficiency and new resistance in the old system of traditional semi-self-sufficiency (single family, natural decentralized division and ubiquitous non-organic production and life).

4) Market economy, restrictions to encourage farmers to leave their homes, administrative restrictions).

8, the development of small towns, your obstacle analysis, key points, thinking determination and countermeasures answer:

1) Overview (personal subjective desire, not a single answer): For example, Yaolin Town, Yaolin Town Pohang, in the middle of Tonglu County, 85 kilometers away from Gao Xiang Township, Hangzhou. By introducing a bright pearl, the famous Huangshan tourist routes, such as Hangzhou-Yaolin Wonderland and Tianmu River Rafting Scenic Area, are called the first tourist town in China. The urban area is 64.23 square kilometers, and it governs 13 administrative villages, with a grandma population of12,600. It is a comprehensive management of advanced towns, provincial education towns, provincial health towns, advanced towns and provincial green small towns, and the new trend of marriage and childbearing has entered the activities of thousands of households across the country.

Qianyaolin Town, South Commune, is the predecessor of Stanford Bridge, at the southern end of the town. Its predecessor was "Yaolin Wonderland in Dong Qian Village". There are only a dozen houses with walls, and more than 24 farmers live in them. The central town of Yaolin Wonderland has gradually developed into a city in politics, economy and culture.

Reform and opening up, because the town party Committee and government follow the policy of "focusing on developing industry, agribusiness and tourism"? ? Relying on tourism resources, the concept of Yaolin Wonderland, the national red lantern leisure resort, the actual number of red lanterns, and one of the famous tourist attractions, with more than 6,543.8+100,000 people, was introduced. Through the city? Rapid economic development, printing, packaging, food, beverages, knitted garments, wires and cables, metals, machinery and other large-scale characteristic economies, turtle breeding of more than 40,000 US dollars, industrial and agricultural output value of 650 million yuan, sales income of 20 billion10.305 billion yuan, entered the new century for three consecutive years. The county party committee government and the town party committee government should take the lead in basically realizing the goal of agricultural and rural modernization focusing on rural industries, pursue Excellence, be pragmatic, forge ahead, be of one mind, be a strong city in industry, a strong town in tourism, and be a regional central city. Yaolin will create a better tomorrow with her own hands.

2) According to four factors of resistance;

3) According to the dynamic factors 77, propose solutions. (Note: Focus on)

1, the concept is small

On the basis of urban planning, under the guidance of urban planning, determine the overall planning, short-term and long-term urban planning of small town construction, determine the nature and direction of small town construction in the process of long-term development goals of the overall planning of small towns, predict the population and land use scale, structure and site layout, the rational allocation of infrastructure and large public buildings in various projects, the timing arrangement of major construction projects, and the specific implementation of recent construction projects. & ltBR/ What is small town planning?

First of all, land resources, on the basis of analyzing the conditions of construction land and the needs of economic and social development, determine the per capita construction land according to the "Village Planning Standards", calculate the total amount of land, and then determine the proportion of various types of land, site layout, and determine the land used for building houses, public buildings, production, public works, highways, transportation systems, warehousing, green buildings and facilities, so that

Scope requirements, water supply, drainage, heating, electricity, telecommunications, natural gas and other facilities, according to the proposed principle, the pipeline planning of small town projects, the direction to be determined, the layout and coordination of air pipelines and underground pipelines, in line with professional standards;

Adjustment methods and procedures for the transformation of old urban areas and main land use;

Fifth, the general principles of building volume, central area and other important areas, size and color;

Determine the sixth road red line width, section form, coordinate elevation and vertical design of control points to ensure smooth road surface and smooth drainage and minimize earthwork volume;

Comprehensive deployment, environmental protection and disaster prevention facilities. /& gt； Eighth, the short-term construction planning of villages and towns, and estimate the short-term construction investment.

3. According to the development planning of industrial civilization, the construction of small towns, the design principles of these shortcomings, and how to overcome these shortcomings?

Like other design guidelines, planning and design also brings many problems, mainly in the following aspects:

Smooth urban infrastructure extends to the suburbs of suburban cities, and the metropolis between natural open space networks no longer exists. Second, expand the space for urban development, the amazing scale and speed of land expansion in suburban cities, the deterioration of the environment and the excessive use of resources.

Thirdly, with the development of expressway, the scale of suburban villages has surpassed that of people and cars, and the characteristics of traditional suburban villages are gradually disappearing.

The planning and design principle of the development of "industrial civilization" follows the principle of "industrial civilization", which literally means "to choose the sustainable development path of" civilized small towns with ecological design defects "for the future development of small towns. Specifically, small towns should meet with villagers' self-government, villagers' committees and democratically elected officials in the economic and social affairs of nature, small towns and villages, actively participate in the planning of small town construction, and take the road of sustainable development.

4. What are the main experiences of small town construction in developed countries?

In small towns, mainly the European model and the American model, the United States has not yet crossed the town.

Unless it is close to or meets other towns, the increasingly serious problems caused by the free development from the early 1970s to the late 1980s will spread in the past two decades. At the same time, American cities, whether they have the layout of American cities and towns, the infrastructure construction of later development space, and the non-even controlled development of American websites all have relevant laws and regulations. They often encounter difficulties in planning and design, and do not pay attention to preserving fertile farmland and protecting environmental resources, such as rivers, lakes and seas. Rural settlements and small towns or villages are very small, and they are likely to expand in all directions. Therefore, they plan to choose high-quality agricultural land in small towns or villages, especially considering the substitution of expansion. They believe that small towns or villages have development potential, such as water supply, schools and public transportation, so a smaller labor force will increase the scale of agricultural operation in English-speaking countries. Agriculture and farmers need honest income. In fact, farmers are no longer the population of rural England. Only a few people are engaged in agricultural activities. Decades ago, they faced the same problem. Sometimes, they need to organize people, and sometimes, they need to carry out their employment in other parts of Britain. So far, it has been called an urban policy to encourage urban development and provide employment opportunities for farmers to leave the land. In the range of 2000-20000, when they choose a village, it plans to market the town. It doesn't matter whether this place is a collection or not. What really matters is this.

The main experience, the experience of developed countries, the relationship between small towns, small towns and rural residents, especially considering whether it will become a local service center and promote employment growth. On the other hand, if it is water, is the land suitable for industrial development, whether it is convenient roads or villages around public transport hubs, where people can get basic social services, such as business, medical care, education, sewage treatment and so on. Therefore, in Britain, this place can be developed into a town limited company. Today, in Britain, the town is about 1030. Their similarity lies in that this industry has become the center of gravity of a central city, with increasing potential, rather than a potential threat to the surrounding environment.

It is planned that in European and American countries, in the planning of small towns and rural settlements, special attention should be paid to the environment and resources around small towns and rural settlements, and special care should be taken to protect fertile farmland and those environmental resources, such as rivers, lakes, rivers, swamps, hillsides and forests.

Small towns and rural planners face different problems. Urban planners: They have more choices in the direction of small towns and rural extension. They must pay more attention to the environmental disasters caused by the construction of small towns and rural development. They must be familiar with various planning elements, small scale, layout and functions of urban and rural residential areas. The geographical environment, history, economy, culture, function and dynamics of towns and villages, rather than the planning and design principles, ensure that the development of new towns and villages must be suitable for the material layout of towns and villages. Residents' participation in the planning and design of small towns has become a basic model in rural areas. In Britain and the United States, in rural areas, the planning of a small town has spent a lot of time discussing with residents, so that they can fully express their wishes and needs.

6, elaborate

Sustainable development of value-oriented urban construction, maintaining the integrity and continuity of natural ecological process; Professional requirements: obey and not cut off the natural ecological process, maintain the original natural landscape and maintain the diversity of natural species. 2。 To ensure natural regeneration within the scope of human consumption, it is mainly to reduce the consumption of resources and energy, reduce the nutrition of other human species, reduce the recycling of waste by biological species, and expose our consumption of natural physical or chemical substances. 3。 Prevent man-made disasters. A person who adapts to the needs of society. Work involving residents

1, experts believe that there are three main problems in the development of small towns? First of all, small towns lack motivation, transformation and urbanization. The three small towns that failed to achieve synchronous development generally have high performance level, small scale, unscientific planning and management, weak infrastructure construction, incomplete towns, and lack of urban construction and functions.

2. Does the development of small towns lack a small town? The economy is weak, and the economic foundation of some small towns is weak. Some local leaders ignore the constraints of economic development level and it is unrealistic to promote urbanization. Towns that do not promote economic growth only care about the hardware construction of the city, which leads to some small towns becoming cities with seats and hardware facilities, wasting and idling land and closing buildings. The phenomenon of "beggars living" in high-rise buildings has lost the motivation of sustainable development. In some areas of human resources, the price or cost is high, and farmers have a "threshold" to settle in small towns, so buying a house or building is unattractive? No matter how small towns settle down, they pay various fees, and the collective assets, including land, are unclear, which leads to farmers' reluctance to give up their land completely and enter cities. This has greatly dampened the enthusiasm of rural labor transfer and supported the transfer of township enterprises to small towns. The slow growth of township enterprises has reduced the absorption capacity of the labor force, and the economy has declined. This is an insurmountable problem, and efforts have been made to decline. Township enterprises scattered in the vast rural areas. As a result, the development of the tertiary industry is affected, and it is difficult for small towns to effectively meet the public demand, promote the formation and expansion of small cities and small towns, and lose a very important industrial driving force.

3. What are the policy options to promote the development of small towns? First, deepen the reform of the household registration system; Second, improve the social security mechanism and gradually establish it? Legislation is conducive to the social security system for farmers to become permanent residents in cities and towns. Guide the gathering of township enterprises, strengthen the planning and management of small towns, improve the land management system and reform the financial system.