Jiaozi originated from the ancient trough. Jiaozi, formerly known as "Joule", is said to have been first invented by Zhang Zhongjing, a doctor in China, with a history of 1800 years. Jiaozi is a traditional special food deeply loved by the Han people in China, the staple food of the people in northern China, the local snacks and the food for the New Year. There is a folk song called "Xiao Han, eat jiaozi for the New Year".
I. History of jiaozi
1. Origin: In its long development process, jiaozi has various names, including ancient "prison pill", "flat food", "jiaozi bait" and "pink horn". It was called "Crescent Wonton" in the Three Kingdoms period, "Wonton" in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, "Crescent Wonton" in the Tang Dynasty, "jiaozi" in the Song Dynasty and "Flat Food" in the Yuan Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty called it "Jiaozi". Jiaozi originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was initiated by Zhang Zhongjing, a medical sage. At that time, jiaozi was used as a medicine, and Zhang Zhongjing wrapped some cold-dispelling herbs in dough to treat diseases (mutton, pepper, etc. ) to avoid frostbite of patients' ears.
2. Three Kingdoms Period: During the Three Kingdoms Period, jiaozi has become a kind of food, known as "Crescent Moon Wonton". This kind of food is mentioned in the book Guangya written by Wei. According to "Guangya" written by Zhang Yi, wei ren of the Three Kingdoms, there was a crescent-shaped food called "Wonton", which was basically similar to jiaozi.
3. Northern and Southern Dynasties: During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, wonton was "shaped like a crescent moon, and it was delicious in the world". Presumably, when jiaozi cooked it, he didn't take it out and eat it alone, but put it in a bowl with the soup, so people called jiaozi "wonton" at that time. This way of eating is still popular in some areas of China. For example, when people from Henan and Shaanxi eat jiaozi, they should put some small ingredients such as coriander, chopped green onion, shrimp skin and leek in the soup.
4. Tang Dynasty: By about the Tang Dynasty, jiaozi had become almost the same as jiaozi today, and was fished out and put on plates to eat one by one. Also known as "Crescent Moon Wonton". There are 229 kinds of jiaozi in Baijiao Garden, which are divided into ten series, including vegetarian stuffing, aquatic products, wild vegetables, health care and seafood.
5. Song Dynasty: Jiaozi was called "Jiao" in Song Dynasty, which was the etymology of the word "Jiaozi" in later generations. This kind of writing can still be seen in the following Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was called "dried meat with double horns".
Jiaozi was introduced into Mongolia in Song Dynasty. Jiaozi spread to Mongolia, and was soon influenced by the uninhibited character of Mongolian compatriots. Jiaozi's pronunciation in Mongolian is similar to "Bian Shi". Jiaozi's style has also changed from thin stuffing to thick stuffing. With the conquest of the Mongolian empire, flat food also spread to all parts of the world. There are Russian jiaozi, Kazakh jiaozi, Korean jiaozi and other varieties. The Mongol Empire made great contributions to the spread of China and jiaozi to the whole world. Books in the Ming Dynasty also confirmed this point. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Shenbang's "Wan Bu Miscellaneous Notes" recorded: "New Year's Day, New Year's greetings, making plaque food." Liu Ruoyu's "Proceedings" records: "Eating fruit snacks is also a plaque on the first day of the New Year's Day." It can be seen that eating flat food in the north of Ming Dynasty has replaced eating jiaozi, rice cakes and other foods in the New Year.
6. Qing Dynasty: In Qing Dynasty, jiaozi usually wrapped it before midnight (now it is 23: 00 p.m.) and ate it until midnight. This is the beginning of the first day of the first lunar month. Eating jiaozi means "making friends when you are young", and "Zi" is homophonic with "jiaozi", which means "reunion" and "good luck". According to the historical records of the Qing Dynasty: "On New Year's Day, when people are happy, they will get together and leave, such as eating flat food and taking the meaning of young friends." He also said: "Every year on the first day of the Lunar New Year, no matter rich or poor, white bread jiaozi is used, which is called cooking cakes, and it is the same all over the country. A rich family is hidden in gold and silver treasures. If it succeeds, those who provide food for their families will be lucky in the end. " This shows that people eat jiaozi in the Spring Festival, which means good luck, to show that they will bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. "Clear Money", edited by best friend Tsui Hark, said: "There is stuffing in it, or powder horn-both steamed and fried can be eaten, and the boiled soup is called jiaozi." And "The first day to the fifth day of the first month is the fifth day, and the old example is drinking water in jiaozi for five days." With commercialization and population mobility, the south is also learning the traditional culture of the north. If you don't eat jiaozi on holidays, the brand "Auntie jiaozi" appears in Changzhou. In Guangdong, some immigrant cities such as Zhuhai, Dongguan and Shenzhen have gradually adopted the custom of eating jiaozi during the Spring Festival. In addition, there is a custom of eating jiaozi in Fujian and Hakka areas, but this is not necessary for the New Year or festivals in China.
It is precisely because of China's rich and colorful culture that the diversity of local customs and cultures will be formed. We should learn to recognize and respect differences, promote the harmonious and unified development of China culture, and make the earth culture more unique and diverse.
Second, the symbolic significance:
Jiaozi is not only a kind of food, but also a representative of China cuisine. Every part of it contains China culture, which is a necessary food for every family at ordinary times, and also expresses people's yearning and appeal for a better life.
Third, the culture of dumpling stuffing:
1, celery stuffing-which means diligence, so it is diligent jiaozi. Diligence: that is, diligence and diligence; Often diligence (frequency) is constantly flowing, which is called diligence. It is a blessing to endless material wealth; It is also a blessing for hard work and pragmatism.
2, leek stuffing-that is, the meaning of long-term wealth, so it is a long-term wealth of jiaozi. Long time: that is, over time, it is called long-term wealth. Long-term prayer is a kind of material wealth; It is also a blessing to eternity, hoping that people will live for a long time-health, harmony, happiness and happiness.
3, cabbage stuffing-that is, the meaning of hundred dishes is called hundred dishes jiaozi. Hundred: quantifiers, that is, hundreds of meanings, are called hundred treasures. Blessing for all kinds of wealth; Or wish the newlyweds a long life together.
4, mushroom stuffing-that is, drum wealth means drum wealth jiaozi. Drum: It just rises high and sticks out. Mushrooms are shaped like an upward arrow, or the trend of the stock market, meaning upward and full, which is called drum wealth; Or express good wishes for the younger generation to get ahead.
5, sauerkraut stuffing-that is, the meaning of counting money is therefore counting money jiaozi. Calculation: that is, inspection and settlement. If the money is enough for one night, how much is it? Call it counting money; Or for the blessing of choice, choice is greater than effort, I hope relatives and friends can make a good choice and make a good choice.
6, rape stuffing-that is, there is wealth, so it is a rich jiaozi. Yes: yes. Call it wealth; I wish you rich and more talented.
7, fish stuffing-that is, the meaning of Cai Yu, so it is jiaozi, Cai Yu. Yu: It is surplus. I wish you a surplus every year. This is called surplus wealth. What you pay is hard work, what you get is wealth, and what I leave behind is health.
8, beef stuffing-that is, the meaning of beef dish is called beef pepper. Cattle: that is, the meaning of cattle, the favorite of stock trading friends, every day in the bull market, cattle are called cattle wealth; I hope my friends are healthy and full of energy.
9, mutton stuffing-that is, the meaning of Waicai is called Waicai jiaozi. Ocean: that is, vast and numerous; It's wider than the sea. I wish you a fortune. This is called making a fortune.
10, jujube paste stuffing-that is, lucky jiaozi. Zhao: Well, just like the god of wealth, you can control the wealth in the world. This is called luck. Traditionally, I like to wrap coins in jiaozi. I get the best luck, but it is not very safe and hygienic, so I wrap big red dates and wish my food prosperity and enthusiasm in the new year.
1 1, vegetable stuffing-which means wealth, is wealth for jiaozi. The god of wealth arrives: that is, the god of wealth arrives, which means both receiving money and receiving money. Vegetable stuffing, namely vegetarian stuffing and vegetable stuffing, is called wealth.
12, sweet stuffing-that is, adding money means adding money, so it is called adding money jiaozi. Increase wealth: that is, increase, increase. Namely candy or jiaozi, moon cakes, etc. ; It is even more homophonic with genius, and it is called adding wealth.
Fourth, diet collocation
As the saying goes, delicious food is not as good as jiaozi. Jiaozi is delicious and rich in stuffing, which has always been a delicacy in people's hearts. Especially on holidays, jiaozi is one of the indispensable protagonists at the dinner table. The whole family get together to make an article on jiaozi and eat jiaozi, which is the unique happiness of China people, and the festive atmosphere is even stronger.
Although jiaozi is delicious, it also has its shortcomings. Generally speaking, jiaozi's stuffing is mainly meat, with more meat and less vegetables. If you eat too much, you will naturally feel greasy, which not only tastes bad, but also does great harm to human health. So many people like to dip in vinegar when they eat jiaozi. In fact, besides dipping in vinegar, we can also drink some healthy drinks that can get rid of greasy food while eating jiaozi, and we can also get good results.
There are many healthy drinks with degreasing effect, such as tea and fruit juice. But the most suitable match with jiaozi is sour plum soup, a traditional drink in China. Sour plum soup is made from a variety of natural raw materials such as dark plum and hawthorn. It is rich in trace elements, crude fiber and other nutrients, especially rich in phytochemicals, which can effectively help the body discharge greasy. Moreover, sour plum soup tastes sour, but it is an authentic alkaline drink. Eating too much acidic food such as meat and taking too much oil leads to blood acidification. Drinking sour plum soup will also help us keep the balance of blood pH in the body. Moreover, sour plum soup tastes sweet and sour, which is more suitable for drinking with dishes than bitter tea and sweet and greasy juice.
Besides being a perfect partner for jiaozi in health, Sour Plum Soup is also a representative of China's traditional diet like jiaozi. As early as the Zhou Dynasty, the prototype of sour plum soup appeared, and in the Qing Dynasty, sour plum soup became a daily health drink for the royal family in previous dynasties. After the sour plum soup spread to the people in Zhai Palace, Kowloon, it was also welcomed by the people and became one of the representatives of traditional Beijing cuisine. Therefore, eating jiaozi Jiusuanmei Soup is not only beneficial to health, but also embodies the essence of our traditional food culture in China.