Chapter 5:

1. There are many different types of geographic regions, some of which are natural regions, such as the Pearl River Delta; some of which are economic regions, such as industrial zones; and some of which are administrative regions, such as the Tibet Autonomous Region. The same geographic area, may simultaneously have multiple "identity".

2, according to the geographical location, natural and human geographic characteristics of the different parts of the country can be divided into four major geographic regions, namely, the northern region, the southern region, the northwest region and the Qinghai-Tibet region. Among them, the Qinling and Huaihe River line is the dividing line between the northern and southern regions.

3. There are obvious differences between the northern and southern regions of China in terms of topography, climate, river flow and vegetation types. Influenced by the natural environment, people in the northern and southern regions also have great differences in production methods, living habits, cultural traditions and other aspects.

Comparison of the differences between the southern and northern regions of China:

Comparison Items North of the Qinling-Huaihe River South of the Qinling-Huaihe River

Mean Temperature in January (Above 0°/Below 0°) Below 0° Above 0°

Annual Precipitation Less Much More

Main terrain Plains and plateaus predominate Plains and basins interspersed with plateaus and hills

Vegetation type Temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests

River flow Small Large

Farming system Annual or biannual triple-maturing Biannual triple-maturing or triple-maturing

Cultivated land type Dryland Paddy fields

Grain crop Wheat Rice

Traditionally Transportation Horse-drawn carriages Boats

Traditional sports Skiing, ice-skating Dragon boat racing, swimming

4. The terrain of the Northwest Territories is dominated by plateaus and basins. In the east, grassland and desert landscapes predominate; in the western basin there is a large area of desert distribution; only at the edge of the basin there is a scarce oasis. All this shows that the Northwest Region is a region where aridity is the main natural feature.

5. The Qinghai-Tibet region is a unique region because of its high topography, and another significant natural feature that comes with "high" is "cold".

6, Northwest China and Qinghai-Tibet are the main pastoral areas. Inner Mongolia is mainly temperate grassland pastures; Xinjiang is mainly mountain pastures; Qinghai and Tibet is mainly alpine pastures. The Sanhe horses and Sanhe cattle of Inner Mongolia, the fine-haired sheep of Xinjiang, the yaks and Tibetan sheep of Qinghai and Tibet, and the beach sheep of Ningxia are all famous livestock species.

7. In addition to animal husbandry, people in the northwest develop irrigated agriculture by utilizing river water and alpine ice and snow melt.

Chapter 6:

1. Beijing is the political and cultural center of the country as well as the center of international communication. The Great Hall of the People is the seat of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and Zhongnanhai is the seat of the Party Central Committee and the State Council.

2, Beijing Palace of the city pattern is "convex", such a city pattern is China's successive capital city planning and construction of masterpieces.

3, Beijing has a myriad of attractions, the Great Wall, Summer Palace, Temple of Heaven, Zhoukoudian Peking Ape Ruins ......,

The Forbidden City in Beijing is the world's largest and best-preserved palace complex.

4. In order to enhance its international competitiveness and service functions, Beijing has, on the one hand, intensified its infrastructure construction, planned and constructed key functional districts, including the Central Business District and the International Media Boulevard, as well as the city's rapid rail transit and highways; on the other hand, it has been actively developing hi-tech industries, improving the efficiency of urban management and the quality of service, and constructing a city where human beings and the environment are in a harmonious *** place environment.

5. Hong Kong consists of three parts, namely, Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories, and more than 200 islands around them, while Macao consists of Macao Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island. Hong Kong and Macau have one of the highest population densities in the world.

6. Hong Kong and Macau are two special administrative regions of China. Our government has formulated the policy of "one country, two systems", under which the socialist system is practiced in the motherland and the capitalist system is practiced in Hong Kong and Macao.

7. Hong Kong has a large number of people and little land, "up" - the construction of high-rise buildings, "down" - the reclamation of land, which has become the basis for Hong Kong's expansion. -- reclaiming land from the sea, have become two important ways of expanding urban building land in Hong Kong.

8, Hong Kong and Macao are very developed tertiary industries, Hong Kong is an international trade center, transportation center, financial center, information service center and tourism center. The gaming and tourism industry is an important pillar industry of Macao's economic development.

9. For a long time, Hong Kong and Macao have maintained close economic ties with the motherland, with Hong Kong being the most obvious. While the motherland is rich in natural resources and labor resources and inexpensive, Hong Kong is rich in capital, technology, talents and management experience. The economic cooperation between Hong Kong and the motherland is complementary and mutually beneficial.

10. Re-export trade refers to the form of trade in which goods are purchased from one country and sold directly to other countries instead of being sold locally, and the motherland is Hong Kong's largest re-export trade partner.

11, Taiwan Province, including the island of Taiwan, as well as the nearby Penghu Islands, Diaoyu Islands and many other small islands, Taiwan Island is China's largest island, it is north of the East China Sea, east of the Pacific Ocean, south of the South China Sea, west of the Taiwan Strait and Fujian Province.

12, Taiwan is a rich treasure island, known as "the southeast of the motherland sea pearl". More than half of the island's land is covered with dense forests, known as "Asia's natural botanical gardens". The camphor tree is the most famous tree in Taiwan, and the production of camphor ranks first in the world.

13. Before the 1960s, Taiwan's economy was dominated by agriculture and agricultural products, exporting sugar, pineapples, rice and camphor. Since the 1960s, Taiwan has focused on the development of the export processing industry, forming an "import-processing-export" type of economy.

14, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is China's largest province, Xinjiang, the distribution of high mountains and basins, the formation of "three mountains and two basins" topographic features. The majestic Tianshan Mountain Range stretches across the center of Xinjiang, with the Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin to the north and south.

15, Xinjiang has the size of thousands of oases, is the most important agricultural production base, wheat, corn, sorghum and so on is the main crops here, cotton, sugar beet and a variety of melons and fruits to become the oasis of Xinjiang's characteristic agricultural products. Kan'erjing is an ancient water diversion project, which has long been utilized by oasis residents in Xinjiang.

16. Xinjiang's projected oil and natural gas reserves account for about one-third of the country's total land reserves, and with the gradual implementation of the country's energy strategy of "stabilizing the east and vigorously developing the west," Xinjiang is expected to become China's important oil and natural gas industrial base. The implementation of the West-East Gas Pipeline Project will rapidly increase local revenues and alleviate energy shortages in the eastern region.

Chapter 7:

1. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is located in the southeastern part of Guangdong Province, with convenient land and sea transportation, and is known as China's "Southern Gate".

The Pearl River Delta region has formed a multi-level opening system that includes special economic zones (Shenzhen and Zhuhai), coastal open cities (Guangzhou), and economic open zones (the entire Pearl River Delta).

2. Taking advantage of the favorable conditions here, the Pearl River Delta has attracted a large number of investments from overseas Chinese (the main sources of foreign investment in the Pearl River Delta are Hong Kong and Macao), and has become the frontier of China's opening up to the outside world.

3. Since the 1980s, the Pearl River Delta has taken advantage of its superior geographical location near Hong Kong and Macao to accept the proliferation of industries from Hong Kong and Macao, and introduced a large amount of foreign capital, as well as advanced technology and equipment, business management methods and the latest industrial, commercial and technological information, to set up a large number of processing and manufacturing enterprises, and to develop an externally oriented economy.

4. Products produced in the Pearl River Delta are mainly exported to Southeast Asia, Europe, Africa, America, Oceania and other regions through the trade channels of Hong Kong and Macao, earning a large amount of foreign exchange. By the end of the 20th century, it had become one of the world's largest production and export bases for electronics and daily consumer goods.

5. The cooperation between Hong Kong and Macao and the Pearl River Delta region is based on the "store in front, factory at the back" model. Hong Kong plays the role of a "store" by taking advantage of its overseas trading window to conduct marketing and external sales. The Pearl River Delta region, on the other hand, takes advantage of its land, natural resources and labor force to process, manufacture and assemble products, playing the role of a "factory".

6. The development of the processing and manufacturing industries in the Pearl River Delta region has facilitated the development of service industries such as catering, entertainment and transportation. These non-agricultural industries have provided a large number of employment opportunities for the local surplus labor force, and have also absorbed millions of foreign laborers.

7. With the development of non-agricultural industries and the migration of population, more and more agricultural land in the Pearl River Delta has been changed into land for industry, transportation and urban construction. These non-agricultural lands are adjacent to the remaining agricultural lands, forming a unique land-use landscape with interlocking distribution of residential, industrial, infrastructure and agricultural lands.

8, Xishuangbanna is in addition to Hainan Province, China's original tropical rainforest preserved the most complete place. Tall and sturdy trees, huge plate roots, cruel strangler plants, magnificent "one tree into a forest" and so on are the unique landscape of the rainforest.

9, Xishuangbanna live thousands of animals, including Asian elephants, green peacocks and other national key protected animals, people image of this place is called "tropical animal kingdom".

10, Xishuangbanna is also a place inhabited by ethnic minorities, to the Dai as the main diversity of ethnic customs for the Xishuangbanna added endless charm.

11, for a long time, Xishuangbanna area to agricultural production, since the mid-1980s, in the country and Yunnan Province, under the encouragement of relevant policies, Xishuangbanna by virtue of the unique location and resource advantages, so that the rapid rise of tourism as an important pillar industry.

Chapter 8:

1. The largest loess accumulation area in the world is the Loess Plateau, which is one of the most serious areas of soil erosion in the world.

2. Soil erosion takes away the fertile soil on the surface and reduces crop yields; it increases, enlarges and deepens gullies and valleys, thus leading to a reduction in the area of arable land; it also delivers a large amount of sediment to the lower reaches of the Yellow River, which creates great difficulties in river training and flood control.

3, the Loess Plateau terrain is broken, the climate is more arid, not only soil erosion is serious, and a variety of natural disasters occur frequently, drought and flooding is the most important natural disasters in the Loess Plateau region, so that the Loess Plateau ecological environment is very fragile.

4, in the Loess Plateau in order to make social and economic sustainable development, must strengthen the ecological construction, improve the environment, on the one hand, to take biological measures such as planting trees and grasses, and build terraces, repair retaining dams, and other engineering measures to combat soil erosion; on the other hand, rationalize the arrangement of production activities, such as steep slopes to return to forests and grasses, and overgrazing of livestock grazing places to reduce grazing livestock numbers.

5, the Yangtze River along the belt is a more typical "belt" area, not only geographically advantageous, but also unique natural conditions, for the development of the region has laid a solid foundation, the region is the center of gravity of the country's economic development.

6. The zone along the Yangtze River connects the economically developed coastal areas with the resource-rich areas in the west, forming the pattern of the letter "H", which is the link between the east and the west.

7, the Yangtze River along the river is China's important agricultural area, and a strong industrial base, has developed into one of China's most dynamic high-tech industrial development zone. Through the many north-south tributaries and transportation arteries, these economic and technological advantages can be radiated to the north and south, making China's north-south economy one.

8, the Yangtze River along the belt has many cities, the middle and lower reaches of the dense towns and cities in the upper reaches of the region, fewer cities, of which, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chongqing, the four mega-cities, is the region's economic, cultural and transportation centers, the region's economic development has a strong role in radiation and drive. On the basis of these four megacities, four city clusters centered on them have been formed respectively.

9, along the Yangtze River is China's highly developed comprehensive industrial zone. At present, four major industrial bases have been formed from east to west. Iron and steel, petrochemicals, automobiles, textiles and other industrial bases distributed along the river, constituting China's east-west stretch of the "industrial corridor" prototype.

10, in the process of large-scale development along the Yangtze River, a series of ecological and environmental problems, such as soil erosion, flooding (the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is the Yangtze River Basin flooding is the most concentrated, the most serious, the most frequent areas), water pollution and acid rain.

11, acid rain can lead to water bodies, soil acidification, corrosive hazards to plants, buildings, acid rain area in central China is the country's largest acid rain pollution, the center of the highest intensity of acid rain pollution area, the Southwest acid rain area is the second most serious acid rain area, the pollution intensity of acid rain area of East China is lower than the acid rain area of central China and Southwest China.

Chapter 9:

1. The vastness of the country and the regional differences are a basic national condition of China. To achieve sustainable development in a region, it is necessary to build on its strengths and avoid its weaknesses, develop its economy according to local conditions, and at the same time strengthen the links between regions.

2, a large population, low per capita GDP is another basic national condition of China. 21st century world, is an economy towards globalization of the world, our country to actively integrate into the process of economic globalization, in the world for development.