Special planning of forest park \x0d\ 1. Forest Park Landscape System Planning \x0d\ Forest Park takes forest landscape as the main body, and its land is mostly natural peaks, valleys, woodlands and water surfaces. On the basis of certain natural landscape resources, special forest management measures and garden art techniques are adopted to highlight the beautiful forest landscape and natural landscape. Therefore, in the landscape planning of forest park, the primary problem is how to make full use of the existing forest vegetation resources, carry out reasonable transformation and artistic processing on the existing trees, so that the original natural forests and artificial forests can meet the needs of forest recreation and highlight their forest landscape. If this point is ignored, if extensive construction and too many human factors are added, the forest park will lose its natural and wild characteristics and advantages. \x0d\ In the planning of forest park landscape system, we should pay attention to the planning and design of forest road and edge, forest open space, forest season, landscape and overlooking point. \x0d\2。 The planning of forest park tour system \x0d\ Various recreational activities organized by forest parks should be different from urban parks. Forest camping, picnics, forest bathing and other projects that cannot be carried out in urban parks should be combined with the basic landscape characteristics of forest parks to meet the recreational needs of urban residents yearning for nature. According to the different recreational activities in the forest park, it can be divided into: typical forest recreational projects, such as forest camping, picnicking, forest bathing, forest cycling, hiking, natural collection, green summer camp, natural science education, fishing, wildlife viewing and forest scenery appreciation. General forest recreation projects, such as boating, swimming, cross-country cycling, mountain climbing, children's games, quiet rest and so on. \x0d\ Various forest recreation activities have different impacts on forest environment. Improper construction projects and unreasonable tourist density will destroy the forest recreation environment. Therefore, in the planning of tourism system, it is necessary to predict the possible impact and degree of impact of various recreational activities on the environment, so as to adopt corresponding methods in planning and formulate different measures in management. \x0d\3。 Forest Park Road Traffic System Planning \x0d\ The internal road traffic of forest park must meet the needs of forest tourism, forest protection and fire prevention, environmental protection and the production and life of forest park workers in addition to establishing convenient external traffic links with major tourist sources. In the planning of forest park road traffic system, we should pay attention to the route selection, direction and guiding role of tour roads, organize tour procedures according to the pleasure law of tourists, and form a sequence layout of starting, carrying, turning and combining. According to the specific environmental characteristics of the forest park, develop vehicles with unique artistic conception and characteristics. \x0d\ Try to avoid local traffic roads in the forest park. When traffic is needed, shelterbelts with a width of 30-50m should be set on both sides of the highway. Large forest parks should be equipped with automobile lanes, bicycle lanes, horse riding lanes and hiking trails. According to its nature of use, roads in forest parks can be divided into three types: main roads, secondary roads and hiking trails. General roads should account for 20/0~3% of the whole park area, and 50%~lO%o.\x0d\( 1) Main roads can be used in areas with intensive tourist activities. It is the connecting road between forest park and national highway or local highway, and also the main road around forest park. The width is 5~7m, the longitudinal slope is not more than 9%, and the minimum radius of horizontal curve is not less than 30m. \x0d\(2) times. It is the road leading to various functional areas and scenic spots in the forest park. The width is 3~5m, the longitudinal slope is not more than 13%, and the minimum radius of horizontal curve is not less than 15m. \x0d\(3) Trail. It is the road leading to scenic spots and scenery in the forest park for tourists to walk and visit, and should be set according to the specific situation. The width is 1~3m, and the longitudinal slope should be less than 18%. \x0d\4。 Forest Park Tourism Service System Planning \x0d\ Forest Park tourism service system mainly includes catering, accommodation, shopping, medical care, tour guide signs, etc. The location, orientation, height and volume of leisure and service buildings should be in harmony with the natural environment and landscape. The building height should obey the needs of landscape, and generally it is not suitable to cross the height of trees. The land for leisure and service construction should not exceed 2% of the land area of forest park. Large-scale permanent buildings such as hotels, restaurants, resorts and playgrounds must be built in the peripheral areas of the tourist area, and the landscape shall not be damaged or affected. \x0d\( 1) catering. The design of catering buildings shall comply with the relevant provisions of JCJ64- 1989 Code for Design of Catering Buildings. \x0d\(2) Accommodation. The number of tourist beds should be reasonably determined according to the scale of tourists and the development of forest tourism. The construction standard of tourist beds should meet the following requirements: high-grade 28~30 square meters/bed; Low grade 8 ~ 12 m2/ bed. In addition to building permanent hotels and restaurants, temporary accommodation facilities such as forest camping and tents should also be developed to combine permanence with seasonality and highlight the characteristics of forest recreation. \x0d\(3) Shopping. Shopping buildings should be temporary and seasonal, and their architectural style, size and color should be in harmony with the surrounding environment. We should actively develop tourist souvenirs with local characteristics. \x0d\(4) Medical treatment. The forest park shall establish medical and health care facilities according to the scenic spots, and timely rescue the wounded and sick among tourists. Medical and health care buildings should be in harmony with the environment. \x0d\(5) Guiding signs. The boundaries, scenic spots, scenic spots, population and other places of the forest park should be set with obvious tour guide signs. The color and form of tour guide signs should be designed according to the environment of the setting place and the content of the tips. \x0d\5。 Forest Park Protection Project Planning \x0d\( 1) Forest Park Fire Fighting. When developing forest recreation activities, forest fires are the biggest potential threat to forest vegetation, and forest fires caused by tourists smoking and picnicking account for a considerable proportion. Forest fires will destroy animals and plants in the forest. Wood ash after the fire sometimes rushes into the river, killing a large number of fish. Forest fires can also damage entertainment facilities and hurt tourists. \x0d\ The protective measures and methods of forest park fire are as follows: \x0d\ 1) When planning and designing, recreational items with high possibility of forest fire such as camping and picnic should be selected in areas with low risk of forest fire as far as possible. The risk of forest fire mainly depends on forest composition and characteristics, canopy density, forest age, topography, altitude, climatic conditions and other factors. \x0d\2) Camping, picnicking and other activities should be carried out in designated places and relatively concentrated, so as to prevent tourists from igniting at will and causing harm to the forest. At the same time, the season of camping and picnic activities should be controlled to avoid the dry season which is most likely to cause fire. \x0d\3) Camping areas, picnic areas and tourist-intensive areas should be provided with fire isolation belts or forest belts. The width of fire line should not be less than 0.5 times of 65438+ tree height. However, judging from the landscape requirements of forest parks, it is more ideal to build fire-proof forest belts. The fire zone should be located on the ridge or around the road in the field camp and picnic area. It is advisable to stand in a multi-storey compact structure, and the fire zone should be perpendicular to the dominant wind direction in the local fire season. \x0d\4) Fireproof forest belts in forest parks should be combined with garden roads as far as possible, which can protect the main tourist areas from the fire in adjacent areas. At the same time, the convenient road system also provides a guarantee for quickly extinguishing forest fires. \x0d\5) In the planning and construction of forest parks, corresponding fire-fighting facilities and systems should be established. In addition to establishing the Belt and Road system for fire prevention forests, we should also add fire prevention communication facilities, strengthen the management of fire prevention and extinguishing organizations and fire fighting equipment, and more importantly, strengthen the management education for tourists and employees, strengthen fire prevention propaganda, and take strict measures to prevent problems before they happen. \x0d\(2) Forest Park pest control. Preventing the occurrence of forest diseases and insect pests, ensuring the healthy growth of trees and providing a beautiful forest environment for tourists are important aspects of forest park management. The main methods of forest pest control are as follows. \x0d\ 1) Under the principle of "suitable site and suitable trees", it is the basic measure to maintain ecological balance and control forest diseases and insect pests, and more importantly, to realize disease-resistant breeding. \x0d\2) Strengthen forest management. According to different forest types and ecological structures, afforestation measures should be taken in time. Timely pruning, tending, thinning, forest land fertilization, attracting beneficial birds and animals, etc. Can maintain the best environmental ecology of the forest for a long time. \x0d\3) Biological control. Using natural enemies to control pests, through a series of biological control measures, the original quantitative balance relationship between pests and natural enemies is broken and a new relative balance is re-established. \x0d\4) Physical and chemical control. Physical methods mainly use the phototaxis of pests to trap and kill them by light; Chemical prevention is only a first-aid measure. In recent years, progress has been made in the prevention and control technologies of fungicides, smoke agents, oil agents and ultra-low volume sprays with high efficiency, low toxicity, long-acting, strong internal absorption and permeability. \x0d\6。 Forest Park Infrastructure System Planning \x0d\ The layout of water, electricity, communication and gas in the forest park shall not damage or affect the landscape, and shall meet the requirements of safety, sanitation, economy and easy maintenance. Electrical and water supply and drainage facilities should be located in hidden areas. The infrastructure projects of Forest Park should be connected with the nearby towns as far as possible. If it proves to be difficult, it can be partially networked or self-contained to create conditions for future networking. \x0d\( 1) water supply and drainage. The water supply project of forest park includes domestic water, production water, greening water and fire water. The water supply mode can be centralized pipe network water supply, pipeline self-flow water diversion, or machine well water supply. Groundwater or surface water can be used as water supply source, with good water quality requirements and meeting GB5749-2005 Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water. The water source should be located in the upstream of residential areas and pollution sources. Drainage works must meet the needs of domestic sewage, production sewage and rainwater discharge. Generally, open channel drainage can be used, and pipe drainage should be used if conditions permit. Production and domestic sewage must be discharged after treatment, and shall not be directly discharged into water bodies or depressions. The design of water supply and drainage engineering includes determining water source, determining water supply and drainage mode and laying water supply and drainage pipe network. \x0d\(2) power. The power supply project of forest park should be designed according to the power supply conditions, power load and power supply mode, in line with the principles of energy saving, economic rationality and advanced technology, so as to be safe, applicable and convenient to maintain. Power supply should make full use of existing national and local power supply. When the existing power supply cannot be used, water conservancy or wind power supply can be considered. Generally, overhead lines are not used to lay power supply lines, and they must be laid along roads as far as possible to avoid central scenic spots and major scenic spots. The design content of power supply project includes the calculation of power load, power supply grade, power supply mode, determination of power supply mode, setting of substation (distribution station), power supply line layout, etc. \x0d\(3) heating. The heating project of forest park should implement the principles of saving and protecting the environment, saving investment and being economical and reasonable. The selection of heat source should first consider the utilization of waste heat, and the heating mode is mainly regional central heating. The waste residue, waste water and flue gas generated by central heating should be treated and discharged according to the discharge standard of "three wastes". The design of heating engineering includes the calculation of heat load, the determination of heating scheme and the determination of main parameters of boiler room. \x0d\(4) Communication. Communications include telecommunications and postal services. The communication project of Forest Park should be planned as a whole to form a complete communication network according to the needs of its business layout, user volume, development, construction and protection management. Telecommunications engineering should be mainly wired, and wired and wireless should be combined. The planning of postal outlets should facilitate the life of employees, meet the requirements of tourists and facilitate postal delivery. Communication engineering design includes scheme selection, communication mode determination, line selection, facilities and equipment selection, etc.