First, market-oriented management, * * * guidance but not participation;
Second, the planning is reasonable, and the contractor should consider the social applicability of the project during the construction, which greatly reduces the unreasonable construction;
Third, the rights and responsibilities are clear. Due to the integration of construction and operation, the responsible persons of the two are unified, and no longer encounter interest disputes to kick the ball.
In addition, it also has the advantages of short cycle, fast business introduction, early molding, coordination between housing and business, and material saving.
Attached:
Example of business object construction mode:
Example 1: Bidding Announcement of BO Mode (Construction-Operation) Project of Dafeng Health Bureau
Bidder qualification: familiar with the characteristics of catering construction and operation, with good reputation and economic strength.
Bid bond: RMB 65,438+00,000 (selected from China Bidding Network), sealed and paid in cash when submitting the bid documents. (From China Bidding Network)
Example 2: Market-oriented operation (BO mode) is the most effective means to solve the bottleneck problem of coordination between urbanization and agricultural modernization.
20 13 April, Zhang, director of the Party Office of Suihua Municipal Committee, and Secretary of the Party Committee of Yonghe Township, Helen City went to Tianjin Baiyi Group to attract investment. With Mr. Sun Jianxi, President of the Group, this paper puts forward a market-oriented operation mode, namely BO mode, on the coordination between urbanization and agricultural modernization in Yonghe Township and even in Helen City, especially on how to solve the problem of limited investment.
BO model is a new measure to solve the problem of insufficient investment in urbanization and agricultural modernization. At present, many leaders, experts and scholars only put forward how to speed up urbanization and agricultural modernization by feeding back agriculture and increasing investment. But * * * investment is limited, where does the investment come from? No one answered. After careful consideration, the answer is: market-oriented operation. The key is how to make up the difference. Answer: BO mode. The essence of BO model lies in market operation. In a sense, the BO model is a market-oriented operation. If it is divorced from market-oriented operation, it is only a one-man show. First of all, the investment is limited, so it can't be popularized quickly; Secondly, promotion is important, and it is inevitable to favor one over the other; Thirdly, the difference between the huge investment in building residential buildings and the meager income obtained by farmers after immigration cannot be made up. BO mode allows enterprises to invest first, make up the difference through market operation, and finally get considerable benefits. Let the enterprise be satisfied, and the market-oriented operation will naturally start. BO mode enables enterprises to inject abundant capital, quickly transform high-tech into productive forces, and change the state of insufficient agricultural investment. Bo mode is equivalent to opening the door to wealth, investment is rolling in, and the problem is solved.
What is the BO construction pattern? BO construction mode, that is, built-up operation mode, belongs to the construction operation mode of construction projects, which is also commonly called market operation, and was produced in China in the 1980s. Refers to contracting the construction and operation of a bid section at the same time, and the property right is transferred to the contractor of * * * (generally under the supervision and guidance of local * * *) after the expiration. The characteristics of this model are mainly:
First, market-oriented management, * * * guidance but not participation;
Second, the planning is reasonable, and the contractor should consider the social applicability of the project during the construction, which greatly reduces the unreasonable construction;
Third, the rights and responsibilities are clear. Due to the integration of construction and operation, the responsible persons of the two are unified, and no longer encounter interest disputes to kick the ball.
In addition, it also has the advantages of short cycle, fast business introduction, early molding, coordination between housing and business, and material saving.
Attached:
Example of business object construction mode:
Example 1: Bidding Announcement of BO Mode (Construction-Operation) Project of Dafeng Health Bureau
Bidder qualification: familiar with the characteristics of catering construction and operation, with good reputation and economic strength.
Bid bond: RMB 65,438+00,000 (selected from China Bidding Network), sealed and paid in cash when submitting the bid documents. (From China Bidding Network)
Example 2: Market-oriented operation (BO mode) is the most effective means to solve the bottleneck problem of coordination between urbanization and agricultural modernization.
20 13 April, Zhang, director of the Party Office of Suihua Municipal Committee, and Secretary of the Party Committee of Yonghe Township, Helen City went to Tianjin Baiyi Group to attract investment. With Mr. Sun Jianxi, President of the Group, this paper puts forward a market-oriented operation mode, namely BO mode, on the coordination between urbanization and agricultural modernization in Yonghe Township and even in Helen City, especially on how to solve the problem of limited investment.
BO model is a new measure to solve the problem of insufficient investment in urbanization and agricultural modernization. At present, many leaders, experts and scholars only put forward how to speed up urbanization and agricultural modernization by feeding back agriculture and increasing investment. But * * * investment is limited, where does the investment come from? No one answered. After careful consideration, the answer is: market-oriented operation. The key is how to make up the difference. Answer: BO mode. The essence of BO model lies in market operation. In a sense, the BO model is a market-oriented operation. If it is divorced from market-oriented operation, it is only a one-man show. First of all, the investment is limited, so it can't be popularized quickly; Secondly, promotion is important, and it is inevitable to favor one over the other; Thirdly, the difference between the huge investment in building residential buildings and the meager income obtained by farmers after immigration cannot be made up. BO mode allows enterprises to invest first, make up the difference through market operation, and finally get considerable benefits. Let the enterprise be satisfied, and the market-oriented operation will naturally start. BO mode enables enterprises to inject abundant capital, quickly transform high technology into productivity and change the state of insufficient agricultural investment. Bo mode is equivalent to opening the door to wealth, investment is rolling in, and the problem is solved.
Introduction to the construction and operation modes of other construction projects;
DBO mode: DBO is short for design-build-op-accelerate, that is, design-build-operate, which means that the contractor designs and builds a public facility or infrastructure, and is responsible for its operation, so as to meet the operational needs of the public sector during the use of the project.
DB mode: DB is the abbreviation of Design -Build, that is, De-Design-Construction. This is a modern project management mode widely used in international engineering in recent years, also known as design-construction Turukey or Package Deal. Usually at the beginning of the project, the owner will invite one or more qualified contractors (or qualified management consulting companies) to submit preliminary design and cost estimation according to the owner's requirements or design outline. According to different types of engineering projects, the owner can also entrust his own consulting engineer to prepare more detailed design outline and bidding documents, and the winning contractor will be responsible for the design and construction of this project.
EPC mode: EPC is the abbreviation of engineer-procedure-construct. Its meaning is responsible for the "design, procurement and construction" of a project, which is similar to the meaning of general contracting. The general contracting of the project refers to the design, equipment procurement, transportation, insurance, civil engineering, installation, commissioning and trial execution of the project, and finally the unit is handed over to the owner for commercial execution. The whole process is called general contracting.
BOT mode: BOT is the abbreviation of build-operate-trans-fer, that is, build-operate-transfer, which represents a complete concept of project financing, also known as "franchise financing mode", with four basic characteristics: privatization, full investment, franchise period and monopoly. The basic route of this model is: the project location * * or affiliated institutions provide franchise agreements for project investors as the basis for project financing, and the company, as the investor and operator of the project, arranges financing, takes risks, develops and builds the project and operates it for a limited time to obtain commercial profits, and finally transfers the project to the corresponding * * * institutions according to the agreement.
TOT mode: TOT is the abbreviation of transfer-operate-transfer, that is, transfer-operation-transfer. TOT is a new development of BOT financing mode, which means that the * * * departments or state-owned enterprises transfer the property rights and management rights of the built projects to investors within a certain period of time, and they will manage them; The investor will recover all the investment through operation within the agreed time and get a reasonable return, and then return it to Party * * * after the contract expires.
What are the FTTB/O/H/C modes for EPON construction?
In fiber-to-cabinet, they are fiber-to-building, fiber-to-office and fiber-to-home.
What is the mode of website construction? Shenzhen website construction big-name interconnection OK
What is the model of Yali website construction? The construction of Yali website, connecting enterprise websites, mobile phone stations, APP and other platforms, realizes data synchronization and unified operation management, and cooperates with enterprise OA, so that enterprises can fully participate in the Internet, enhance the use of the Internet, and give full play to the role of the website.
China's model of constitutional construction: China has a constitution but no constitutional government. The Constitution stipulates the people's democratic dictatorship, and the working class is the leading class in China, and * * * exercises rights on behalf of the working class.
What is the 9S model of brand building? Brand strategy is the direction of brand building, and its importance is self-evident. The following is a 9S model of brand building (in order).
Brand research (it is the premise of brand strategy implementation to preliminarily determine the market maker of the brand through research);
Brand diagnosis (repeatedly demonstrating the correctness of positioning);
Brand positioning (clear brand positioning)
Brand planning (making a preliminary brand market development plan);
Brand creativity (creativity first); Brand design (followed by design);
Brand promotion (according to the preliminary work, make a preliminary promotion plan and promotion means);
Brand evaluation (effective tracking and evaluation of the whole brand promotion, so as to find problems and correct them in time);
Brand adjustment (adjust in time when problems are found).
The construction management mode of infrastructure office (room) mode refers to the infrastructure office (room) mode? 7. It doesn't own facilities, but it must be subsidized by * * in the form of BTO.
The difference between this mode and the general BOT mode is that the order of "operation" and "handover" has changed, and the facilities have been handed over to * * *, which means operation: after the project facilities are completed, they will be owned by the project company. On the basis of the pre-agreed operation mode, the ownership of the project property is the same as that of the general private company. For example, it can also guarantee the beneficial right of the project company during the operation period and the ultimate ownership of the infrastructure by the state. BT is an investment method that * * * uses non-* funds to build some infrastructure projects. We know little about the evolution and transfer of BOT. "The separation of ownership and management rights is the dominant idea of BOT", but the object has only changed from general bulk equipment to infrastructure. In recent years, Komatsu expressway Company, which is active in Hong Kong's capital market, has adopted a boot-style investment operation mode for its road facilities, and then the project company has leased and operated them for a certain number of years according to the prior agreement. From the content point of view, but due to the high risk, the assets of the project will be transferred to * * * within the authorization period, and * * * can legally own the ownership of the facility. After the completion of the project, the developer leases the project to a purely private company, which operates at a certain rent and has important economy, and operates specific infrastructure at the expiration of the construction period without transferring the property rights of the project facilities. The typical form of BOT investment and financing mode is Boot (Build-Own-Operate-Transfer).
This model is no different from BOT in content and form, and it is all in the form of POT (Buy-Operate-Transfer).
It means a variant of the purchased but outdated infrastructure renovation project. After the completion of the project, investors can purchase the equity, franchise and transfer right of the infrastructure project, which can be different according to the different conditions of the project. The enterprise legal person is responsible for the investment, financing and construction of the project. Different from the general BOT, the "construction" is changed to "purchase", which is an unsolved problem in the investment, construction and operation of infrastructure projects. Mr. Wang believes that this can not only solve the problem that * * * financial funds are insufficient to meet the needs of the project. This mode needs further study. However, after obtaining the right to operate, the project facilities will be handed over to * * * Company at the expiration of the term, and the operation mode is similar to BOT mode, which requires systematic development, with the right to operate and obtain project benefits and ownership. This is a variant of BOT mode. This method is very similar to financial leasing. "
2。 In this mode, the project company actually becomes the construction party. A landfill project of Waste Management International Limited in southeast New Territories, Hong Kong. For example, most of the funds needed for project construction come from bank loans, different forms of project property rights and other financing channels.
BOT is English Build -Operate -Transfer (construction, that is, * * * selling completed projects, leasing, operating returns, that is, the project organizer is authorized by * * *, nanpu bridge and Yangpu Bridge) project is a typical example of adopting the POT model. Business after purchase or transfer. The ownership of the first BOT project in the world is still controversial, but so far, the transfer, acquisition, transfer, operation and elimination of the project facilities, * * * commercial activities purchased from enterprise legal persons according to the principle of equivalent compensation: the project location * * * grants the franchise to a project company composed of one or several private enterprises-to raise funds for a specific infrastructure project. In short, it is the * * * operation. From the perspective of BOT and its variation mode, due to the different types of infrastructure; This is just a developer's right to use, a basically sound infrastructure and a franchise. * * * By granting the project concession; After the expiration of the agreement, due to poor economic benefits or non-management reasons, the equipment is modified and updated.
5. BTO mode is adopted. BT is the abbreviation of two English words: Build and Transfer, and the form of boost (build-own-operate-subsidiary-transfer).
Refers to the construction, ownership (ownership), realization of the actual ownership of facilities by * * *, and determination of the specific content of franchising. For outdated:
1, as the project sponsor, private institutions only invest their own funds, but only limited to the ownership relationship of the project property.
Focus, ROT (innovation-operation-transfer) form
Its meaning is to reorganize, return on investment and financing, and operate and manage within the agreed time limit. The word BOT refers to the investment and financing construction and law of a project.
In the practical application of BOT investment and financing mode, the core content of BOT investment and financing mode is that the project company obtains the franchise right of a specific infrastructure project and grants an infrastructure project to be built to an enterprise legal person for investment. The research on the origin and development of BOT investment and financing mode not only helps to reveal its inherent rationality, but also shows that Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo expressway Company and Shanghai-Nanjing-expressway Company, which are active in the Hong Kong capital market in recent years, have adopted the abbreviation of BOO-style investment and operation mode for their road facilities, which is the historical product of the complementary functions of * * * and private institutions. On this basis, it will be operated by investors for several years and then transferred to * * * for operation. The difference is that "construction" is changed to "reorganization". This is the BOT model, which is suitable for the built facilities, but the facilities are entrusted to the developers for construction and operation within a certain period of time. For example. There are indeed different opinions and disputes on this point. As a special combination of public infrastructure construction and private capital, it has aroused widespread concern, subsidy, theoretical value and management in sociology all over the world. After the authorization expires, transfer the project assets to * * *. As well as directly owning the project assets and managing the project construction (reorganization), the franchise period expires. Shanghai Huangpu River Two Bridges and One Tunnel (Dapu Road Tunnel, within the specified time: * * Entrust private institutions to construct within a certain period through contracts.
6. Briefly summarize the typical characteristics of the whole process of free transfer of economic activities, and set floating mortgage as debt guarantee with project facilities and their income. This is an innovation and financing model of Shanghai BOT model.
4. The borrower's repayment source is limited to the project income, and there have been many variation patterns. Reorganization refers to adopting the form of BOO (Build-Own-Operate) on the basis of obtaining the franchise granted by * * * *.
It means the construction of an infrastructure project, that is, after the project facilities are completed, * * * will repay all the construction costs invested in advance.
3. Repay the debt through the operating income of the project and get the return on investment, in the form of BLT (Build-Lease-Transfer).
It means construction, and the project facilities are handed over to the location free of charge. BOT is a suitable investment and transfer method for infrastructure construction. Meanwhile.
BOT investment and financing mode adapts to the scale of infrastructure in the process of industrialization and urbanization in modern society.
What are the main differences between BOT and EPC modes in engineering construction? What is the relationship between the owner and BOT and EPC? BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) refers to * * * granting private enterprises (including foreign enterprises) franchise rights for a certain period of time through contracts, allowing them to finance the construction and operation of specific public infrastructure, and allowing them to repay loans, recover investment and earn profits by charging users or selling products; When the concession period expires, the infrastructure will be handed over to * * * for free.
EPC is the abbreviation of English engineering procurement and construction.
EPC)/ turnkey project general contracting means that the general contracting enterprise undertakes the design, procurement, construction and commissioning services of the project according to the contract, and is fully responsible for the quality, safety, construction period and cost of the contracted project. Engineering means "design", which is quite different from the design that can also be understood as "design". Generally speaking, engineering refers to the mechanism and process of designing machines, devices, equipment and systems according to the scientific and engineering principles of manufacturing and processing; Design refers to the spatial division, functional arrangement, relationship between parts, appearance design and aesthetic treatment of buildings and structures. From this difference, we can see that the design-procurement-construction contract is generally not suitable for the procurement of construction projects.
The most important thing is that BOT is responsible for financing, construction and operation management, while EPC is only responsible for completing the project according to the owner's requirements.
What is the investment and financing mode of BT construction?
First, BT mode and real estate BT mode
BT is the abbreviation of English Build and Transfer, which means "build-transfer". It is a financing mode that * * * uses non-* * funds to carry out basic non-operating facilities construction projects. BT mode is a transformation form of BOT mode, which refers to the process that the project company hands over the operation of the project to the owner after general contracting, financing and construction acceptance, and the owner pays the investor the total investment of the project plus a reasonable return. At present, adopting BT mode to raise construction funds has become a new project financing mode.
Create background
1. With the rapid development of China's economic construction and the implementation of the national macro-control policies, the monetary compression of infrastructure investment has suffered an unprecedented impact, and how to raise construction funds has become the key to restricting infrastructure construction.
2. The original investment and financing model has major defects. Financial capital, industrial capital, construction enterprises and their related markets have been artificially blocked to a great extent, funds have not been effectively closed and managed, and risks and benefits have not been shared.
Symmetry, financial institutions, developers and construction enterprises can't form an organic combination with the project as the core, their advantages can't complement each other, and resources can't flow and be used rationally.
operate
1, * * * Initiate the project according to the needs of local social and economic development, complete the preliminary work such as project proposal, feasibility study, planning and approval, transfer the franchise right of project financing and construction to investors (legally registered state-owned or private construction enterprises), and banks or other financial institutions will provide financing loans to investors according to the future income of the project. * * * Sign a BT investment contract with the investor, and the investor will set up a BT project company. During the construction period, the investor will exercise the function of the owner, finance the construction project and bear the risks during the construction period.
2. After the completion of the project, according to the BT contract, the investor will hand over the project that has passed the completion acceptance to * * *, and * * will repay the investor's financing and construction expenses in installments according to the agreed total price (or total measurement price plus reasonable return).
3.* * * Supervise the whole process of BT investment to ensure the smooth financing, construction and handover of BT investment projects. Whether the investor has the strength suitable for the project scale is the key to the smooth construction and handover of the BT project.