Dai's surname originated in present-day Henan province, mainly in Shangqiu city, Minquan and Lankao in eastern Henan. In history, there are many talented people named Dai, including Dai De, the editor of The Book of Da Dai Li; Dai Sheng, the editor of The Book of Xiao Dai Li; Dai Zhou and Dai Zhide, the father and son of Tang Dynasty; Dai Zhen, a scholar in Qing Dynasty; Dai Kui, a painter in Southern Dynasty; Dai Jin, a painter in Ming Dynasty and other celebrities. It ranks 54th among the 111 most popular surnames in China today, accounting for about 1.39% of the Han population in China.

1

There are four main sources of Dai surname:

1. posthumous title is the descendant of Shang Tang, and posthumous title, the ancestor, became the later Dai surname. According to Yuan He's Surname Compilation, "After Dai Gong in Song Dynasty, Shi was the surname."

At the beginning of the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, after the Duke of Zhou pacified the East, a large number of princes were enfeoffed, among which Wei Ziqi (son's surname) was appointed in Shangqiu (now Henan) to establish the Song State. Wei Ziqi, an ordinary brother of Shang Zhouwang, exhorted Zhou Wang many times, but Zhou Wang refused to adopt it. In order to avoid being killed like Bigan, he simply fled. After Zhou Wuwang destroyed the merchants, Wei Ziqi surrendered to the Zhou Dynasty, and was named Duke Song at this point, so as to keep the merchants' worship.

Wei Ziqi's brother Yan succeeded to the throne after his death, which is Wei Zhong. After Wei Zhong's death, his son Song Gongji succeeded to the throne. From generation to generation, the grandson of Duke Huigong of Song Dynasty was already the hundredth monarch of Song State, who was nicknamed Dai Gong by history. The biography of Dai Gong was located in the son Song Wugong Sikong (reigned in 765-748). His son Zhi Zi was named Doctor Song Guo, and his son took his grandfather's posthumous title "Dai" as his surname. For example, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Dr. Song Dai was evil. This is the origin of today's Dai surname, and Duke Dai of Song Dynasty is regarded as the ancestor of Dai surname.

Because the Shang royal family was the son's surname, Deng Mingshi's Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surnames said: Dai's surname came from the son's surname, and after Dai Gong in Song Dynasty, he took Shi as his surname. "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty Prime Minister's Genealogy" also said: Dai's family comes from the son's surname, the grandson of Song Daigong, and takes his grandfather as his surname. Song was destroyed by Qi in 286 BC.

2. Take the country name as the surname

According to "Shiben's surname chapter", it is recorded that Dai, the ancient Dai Ziguo, came after Ji's surname. Among the vassal states that were enfeoffed at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a surname Dai Guo, who lived in the area of civil rights and Lankao in present-day Henan.

At that time, Dai was often bullied by Zheng and Song because he was between Zheng and Song. After ten years of seclusion, it was finally destroyed by Zheng. After the national subjugation, Dai Guogong took the original country name as the surname, which was called Dai's. In this way, another Dai resident was formed. On this matter, Zheng Qiao, a Song Dynasty writer, also recorded in "A Brief History of the Clans": "Dai's family, Kaifeng fengqiu county Daicheng was its country, and it was hidden for ten years, and the Zheng people cut it down. Or the cloud, the old Kaocheng County was destroyed by the Song people and renamed Gucheng, and the descendants took the country as their surname. "

3. Change the surname

According to "Rat Pu", some Yin people changed their surname to Dai. After Zhou Wuwang destroyed the Shang Dynasty, many adherents of the Yin (Shang) clan took the country name as their surname, which was called Yin.

According to the newly-revised Neihuang County Records, there are tombs of Dai and Ma in Xiaohuailin Village, Er 'an Township, Neihuang County, Henan Province. The inscription records that the ancestors Dai Zicheng and Ma Zicai were originally from Hongdong, Shanxi Province. When they moved to the people in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, in order to get together, one man changed his surname, and the two brothers were moved here together. After their death, they built two tombs side by side, which is called "double ancestors" Dai and Ma surnames in Dailiu Village, Qian 'an Village in Neihuang County and Wuwa Village in tangyin county all came from this place.

4. From the minority nationality's change of surname

The Qing Tongzhi Clan Brief records that the Manchu Dai Jiashi originally lived in Hangjia, Yehe, Zakumu and other places, and later changed to Dai surname and Dai surname; Darchong A lived in Heilongjiang, Jilin and other places, and later changed to Dai; Tu Dongke of Ewenki nationality changed his surname to Tu and Dai. In addition, Yao, Hui, Mongolia, Tujia, Xibo and other ethnic groups also have Dai surnames.

II

The migration of Dai population can be roughly divided into three stages: pre-Qin to Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties and Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

1. from pre-Qin to southern and northern dynasties

in the pre-Qin period, the population of Dai mainly lived and multiplied in its birthplace, that is, today's eastern Henan. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the doctor of the Song Dynasty was a celebrity when he wore evil.

By the time of the Western Han Dynasty, there were Dade and Daisheng uncles in the State of Liang (now the southern part of Shangqiu, Henan Province), both of whom were masters of etiquette. In the Western Han Dynasty, two branches of Dai moved to southern Henan: one moved to Shenyang in southern Henan (governing Beijiangkou in Zhengyang County, Henan Province), and the other moved to Pingyu in southern Henan (north of Pingyu County, Henan Province). For example, Dai Zun (Zi Zi Gao), who was the imperial adviser of Emperor Ping of the Western Han Dynasty and was called "Kanto Dahao", was from Shenyang, Runan. According to Biography of Yimin in the History of the Later Han Dynasty, his family was rich, charitable and chivalrous, and there were often as many as 311 or 411 diners in his family. At that time, people called him "Zigao Dai, a great Kanto man". His son Dai Liang is even famous for his filial piety, high talent and integrity. It can be seen that Dai Zun, a family that has settled in Shenyang for more than one generation, belongs to a famous family with big family, big business and great power in the local area. Dai Ping, a famous scholar and official in the late Western Han Dynasty and early Eastern Han Dynasty, was a Pingyu person. This proves that Dai Ping had moved to Pingyu at the latest in the late Western Han Dynasty.

Dai migrated to southern Henan, but also to Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei and other places. For example, Dai Chong, who was an official to Jiuqing in the Western Han Dynasty, was a native of Pei (now Pei County, Jiangsu Province) and studied Zhouyi from Yu Zhang. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dai Hong, the official prefect of Liquan, and Dai Feng, the "world-renowned Confucian Sect and well-known Eastern Xia", were both from Gangxian County, Jibei County (now the northeast of Ningyang County, Shandong Province).

from the three kingdoms to the southern and northern dynasties, Dai moved to present-day Anhui and Hubei. For example, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dai Gan, Cao Cao's counselor, was a native of Danyang, a town in the northeast of dangtu county. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Dai became a noble family in Qiaoguo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province), Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province) and Qingsha (now East of Linqing, Shandong Province), forming three breeding centers. Therefore, Dai's surname is Qiaoguo, Guangling and Qinghe.

Dai's migration to the south of the Yangtze River began in the Western Han Dynasty at the latest. For example, in the Western Han Dynasty, Dai He was a native of Yue (now Zhejiang Province); Dai Jiu, the official to Guanglu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a native of Shangyu County, Huiji County (now Baiguan Town, Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province). Around the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, one branch of the Dai family in Guangling migrated to the south of the Yangtze River. The Book of Jin records that Dai Lie was the left general of Dongwu during the Three Kingdoms, his son Dai Chang was Taiwei of Dongwu, Taishou of Jinhui and Taishou of Wuling, and Dai Yuan, the son of Dai Chang, was a confidant general of Si Marui, the king of Langya (later Emperor Jinyuan) and went south with Si Marui to build health (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Because in the late Western Jin Dynasty, the war in the Central Plains continued, and the Eight Kings Rebellion lasted for 16 years. In addition, the northern ethnic minorities went south one after another, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were in turmoil. A large number of people were forced to move south and flowed to the relatively stable Jiangnan area. Many of them moved south with their families or families, and Dai followed everyone to Jiangnan at this time.

2. Sui and Tang Dynasties

In this period, the population of Dai entered Fujian and flowed to all parts of the country except Taiwan Province. According to the Records of Zhangzhou Prefecture, at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, a branch of Dai in the Central Plains moved to Fujian. In the second year of General Chapter Tang Gaozong (669), Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang, from Gushi County (now Henan Province) in Gwangju, were ordered to lead 123 generals and 3,611 government soldiers into Fujian to pacify the "barbarian" riots between Quanzhou and Chaozhou. A large part of these soldiers are from the Central Plains. According to the statistics of Taiwan Province Province Local Records, People's Records and Clans, there are 45 surnames of * * * who entered Fujian with Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang in the early Tang Dynasty, including Dai. At that time, Chen Yuanguang's son-in-law, Dai Junyou, and Dai Ren, were the main assistants of the Dai family who entered Fujian with Chen's father and son. They were all from Gushi, Gwangju, and settled in Fujian after opening Zhangzhou. Scholars who study surnames generally believe that Dai Junyi and his son entered Fujian with Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang from Gushi, Henan Province, which is the beginning of Dai's entry into Fujian.

in addition, in the Tang dynasty, Dai Xiuyan was a native of Xiazhou (now Baichengzi in the northeast of Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province), Dai Jian was a native of Changsha (now Hunan Province) and Dai Hu was a native of Wuyuan (now Jiangxi Province). The Dai settlements listed in Yuan He Xing Bian are Jibei (now southwest of Changqing County, Shandong Province), Qiaoguo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province), Xing Wu Great Wall (now Changxing, Zhejiang Province), Qiuqiu, Weijun (now Cheng 'an, Hebei Province) and Sangquan, Hedong (now Linjin, Shanxi Province). At that time, the wide distribution of Dai's population was evident.

3. During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

In this period, the population of Dai moved from Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian to Taiwan Province and overseas countries.

since the song dynasty, a large number of Dai people have moved from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and other places to Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan Province and other places, and some people have further migrated overseas.

According to the genealogy of the Dai family in Jiaoling County, Guangdong Province, the first ancestor of the Dai family in Jiaoling was Dai Yulin, who originally lived in Zhangpu County, Fujian Province. In the Yuan Dynasty, he moved to Huangni Rise in Zhaofu Township, Zhenping (now Jiaoling), and his descendants flourished, which was passed down to the second century (about the Qing Dynasty). Renzhong and Rengong moved to Pingtung, Taiwan Province, on March 3. In the Qing Dynasty, Dai family in Fujian moved to Taiwan Province one after another. During the Yongzheng period, Dai family in Fujian moved to Mengjingli, Dajia Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan Province Province, which was the beginning of the large-scale entry of Dai family in mainland China. Since then, in the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), another Fujian Dai surname has entered Miaoli Town. In the 26th year of Daoguang (1846), Dai Nanren, a native of Quanzhou, reclaimed land in Xinfuli, Hsinchu.

Today, Dai ranks 52nd in Taiwan Province, with relatively concentrated areas in Hsinchu, Chiayi and Tainan, and a large population of Dai in Taipei and Nantou.

During the Qing Dynasty, many Dai people migrated overseas. Now, Dai people have settled in Britain, Argentina, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and many other countries.

Three

In the process of migration and reproduction, the surname Dai formed seven counties: Jibei, Qiaoguo (county), Xing Wu, Weijun, Hedong, Qinghe and Guangling.

qiaocheng country was established in the first year of Huang Chu, Cao Wei (221), and it is located in qiaocheng county (now Bozhou city, Anhui province), which is equivalent to the place between Lingbi, Mengcheng and Taihe in Anhui province and Luyi, Yongcheng and other counties and cities in Henan province. In the Western Jin Dynasty, it was changed to Qiaoxian County. Dai surname in Qiaocheng County is the first of the eight surnames in Qiaocheng County after Dai Kui in Jin Dynasty. Today, Dai's surname is often called "Qiaoguo (county)".

Guangling County was reorganized by Guangling State in the 18th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (42 years). It is located in Guangling (now the northwest of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province), and its jurisdiction is equivalent to the area east of Hongze Lake and Liuhe at the junction of Jiangsu and Anhui, south of Siyang, Baoying and Guannan, west of Chuanchang River and north of the Yangtze River. Dai Miao was born in Guangling in Jin Dynasty. The first of the three surnames in Guangling County of Yangzhou is Dai.

Qinghe County was relocated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty with Qinghe State, and it was ruled in Qingyang (now southeast of Qinghe in Hebei Province). After Yuan Di, its jurisdiction is equivalent to Qinghe, Zaoqiang and Nangong, and Linqing, Xiajin, Wucheng, Gaotang and Plain in Shandong. Dai She was a native of Qinghe in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Wei Jun was first placed in the 12th year of Emperor Gaozu (before 195) and was ruled in Ye County (now Ye Town, southwest of Linzhang, Hebei Province). The descendants of Dade lived in Qiuqiu County, Wei County (now southeast of Cheng 'an, Hebei Province).

Hedong County was founded in Qin Dynasty, and it is located in Anyi County (now Yuwangcheng, northwest of Xia County, Shanxi Province). Dai She lived in Sangquan County, Hedong County (now Linyi).

Xing Wu County was founded in the first year of Wu Baoding in the Three Kingdoms (266), and it is located in Wucheng County (now south of Huzhou, Zhejiang). Dai Yang was a famous alchemist in Jin Dynasty.

Dai's ancestral hall names include "Hall 2", "Annotation Hall", "Step Hall", "Avoid Your Hall", "Qiaoguo", "Guangling" and "Qinghe" and so on. Among them, the "Second Auditorium" and "Annotation Auditorium" refer to Dade and Dai Sheng, the masters of etiquette in the Western Han Dynasty. The allusions of "One-step Hall" and "Avoiding Expensive Hall" originated from Dai Liang, a famous person in the later Han Dynasty. Dai Liang man of great talent, a maverick, once said: "If I grow up in Donglu, Zhong Ni, and Dayu grow up in Xiqiang, who will be my spouse!" Local officials recommended him as Xiao Lian, but he resolutely refused to accept it. Later, the imperial court requisitioned him to work in Sikongfu, but he still refused to accept his resignation. The state and county officials forced him to be an official, and he ran to the mountains to hide.

There are many couplets of Dai surnames in various places, and here are just a few examples:

Ye is good at etiquette, and I can learn from the classics.

The couplets refer to Dade and Dai Sheng's uncles and nephews in the Western Han Dynasty. The second couplet refers to Dai Gui, a native of Yinxian County in Ming Dynasty. Dai Gui devoted himself to the study of Yi and practiced it. He often said to people: "When learning to be alone, you should be cautious, cultivate your self-cultivation sincerely, don't complain about the sky, don't be rude to others, and after a long time, you will be integrated with nature." He is the author of The Book of Changes and Four Books.

Yi Qing Xia Ju Jun Jie Shan Gao

The first couplet refers to people wearing it in Song County in the Southern Dynasties. He once lived in seclusion in Tonglu with his brother Dai Bo, and both of them were good at painting and playing drums. Later, Dai traveled to Wu Xia, and local scholars had long heard of his name, so they raised funds to build houses for him, and gathered stones, diverted water, planted trees and opened streams for him, where he concentrated on writing. During the reign of Yongchu and Yuanjia, the court called him up many times, but he should not. He is the author of "Free and unfettered theory", and also notes the article "The Doctrine of the Mean"; The bottom line refers to Dai Kui, the father of Dai in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He is good at painting landscapes, figures and animals, as well as religious paintings, carving and casting Buddha statues, and is also good at drumming. King Taizai once sent someone to call him to play the piano. He broke it in front of the messenger and said, "Dai 'an Road won't be a performer in the king's gate!"