I. Background In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and society and the continuous improvement of people's requirements for health and environment, the problem of garbage has become increasingly prominent, and China has begun to generally implement the system of garbage classification and resource utilization. In order to strengthen the classified management of domestic waste and reduce environmental pollution, the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Circular Economy and the Regulations on the Administration of City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation have all made relevant provisions.
The survey results show that 95% people think it is necessary to classify garbage, but only about 6% people will classify garbage in detail. Moreover, the survey also found that most people only have a simple understanding of the knowledge of garbage classification. When it is refined into various garbage classification categories, people's understanding will become very vague and rarely put into action. Therefore, although garbage classification has entered the consciousness of college students, it has never really entered their lives, and garbage classification is only superficial at present.
Second, campus garbage is highly concentrated. The main concentration places are: restaurants, dormitories, teaching office areas, express delivery points and so on.
It is difficult to sort garbage. The average daily output of campus garbage is large and it is difficult to classify; The urban garbage recycling system has not implemented classified removal.
The recycling value of campus garbage is very high. A large number of discarded paper books, cartons and waste textiles can be recycled.
Teachers and students have weak awareness of garbage classification. Teachers and students lack knowledge of garbage classification, so they need to improve their awareness and related ability of garbage classification. Some students didn't throw the garbage into the dustbin, or even piled it directly outside the dustbin.
The school infrastructure is not perfect. The number of trash cans on campus is limited, the location is unreasonable, the trash cans are not maintained in place, and the garbage is not cleaned in time.
Third, the preliminary preparation (1) scientifically determines the garbage classification.
Questionnaire survey shows that the main sources of campus garbage are kitchen waste and disposable tableware produced by take-away, cartons and non-degradable plastic packaging brought by express packaging, expired unsuitable cosmetics and recyclable waste paper.
Formulate the classification standard of campus garbage, and divide the garbage into four categories: recyclable garbage, harmful waste, dry garbage and wet garbage. According to the characteristics of dormitories, teaching buildings and other areas on campus, four types of garbage are classified and recycled at the source according to local conditions, so as to improve the quality of classified garbage delivery and facilitate the exploration of feasible ways for harmless and resource-based garbage treatment.
(2) Strengthen the publicity of campus garbage classification.
The school carries out extensive publicity through various colleges and organizations, and educates and guides the teachers and students of the school on garbage sorting. Through competitions, activities, courses and other forms related to garbage classification organized by students, the environmental awareness of teachers and students in the whole school will be improved, the common sense of garbage classification will be mastered, and the campus garbage classification will be comprehensively promoted. The activities listed are as follows:
1. Publicity category. Organize to draw posters and postcards, offer online courses related to environmental protection, distribute leaflets on detailed rules of garbage classification, publicize interesting knowledge of garbage classification by using official WeChat account, hold knowledge contests, keynote speeches and other activities, and carry out large-scale and continuous in-depth campus publicity activities, so that all teachers and students can firmly grasp the knowledge of garbage classification.
2. Practical class. Carry out garbage collection contest, environmental fashion show, smart trash can design contest and garbage classification scheme planning contest, implement garbage classification management scheme in the whole school, and promote the garbage classification process. Through development? I am in charge of my campus. -Garbage sorting? Activities, a school drives a community, and a community drives the whole society.
(3) Establish a garbage classification system.
1. Determine the system
According to the relevant policies of the state and Qingdao on garbage classification, the official WeChat account platform dedicated to our school was established by using Internet technology, the specific requirements of our school on garbage classification were issued, and the complete system of garbage classification-recycling-disposal was determined, which was scientific, feasible and easy to popularize, and was constantly updated and improved according to the weekly and monthly recycling situation.
2. Building infrastructure
Starting from the requirements of convenience for teachers and students, no obstruction to traffic, and convenience for classified collection and mechanized collection and transportation of garbage, garbage collection points are set, the number of garbage bins is reasonably set according to actual input demand and garbage recovery capacity, the overall layout of garbage bins is planned, and garbage collection containers with different colors are equipped according to classification standards. Garbage sorting and collection containers should be distinguished by color patterns, and the types of garbage collected should be clearly marked. It is printed with an exclusive QR code. After scanning through WeChat, you can clearly understand the location of trash cans and the detailed types of garbage collected, endow trash cans with the function of landmark and classified collection, and you can query the locations of different types of trash cans in the school through the official account of WeChat.
In addition, teachers and students can create collection containers for the second time, so as to increase their sense of participation in waste sorting projects and improve their awareness of waste sorting and innovation.
Aiming at wet garbage, a fully enclosed garbage bin is designed. The trash can is divided into two layers, an inner layer and an outer layer, and the bottom is covered with a layer of activated carbon. The closed state prevents flies and other organisms from entering the garbage bin to breed, which greatly reduces the probability of disease transmission. At the same time, laying activated carbon at the bottom can absorb odor and reduce the possibility of landfill leachate fermentation.
3. Institutional guarantee
Set up supervisors and volunteers to ensure the orderly implementation of the garbage sorting plan. Management and supervision personnel shall conduct on-site supervision according to the actual situation, and urge students to fulfill the obligation of campus garbage classification. If it is found that campus garbage does not meet the classification requirements, they have the right to ask people who throw garbage to classify it before throwing it. If the students don't rank according to the requirements, the person in charge of management has the right to refuse and conduct informed criticism on the official WeChat account platform.
Timely release information on WeChat official account platform to ensure information disclosure and strengthen the transparency and standardization of campus garbage classification system. Questionnaires are sent out regularly to investigate teachers and students' views and suggestions on waste sorting measures to ensure the effectiveness of the system.
Four, the campus garbage recycling operation method (a) classification standards
According to the classification standards of garbage in various provinces and cities and the classification forms of garbage in other regions, campus garbage is divided into recyclables, harmful waste, kitchen garbage (wet garbage) and other garbage (dry garbage):
1. Recyclable materials: refers to wastes suitable for recycling, such as paper, plastics, textiles, metals and glass.
2. Hazardous waste: refers to the waste that directly or potentially harms human health and natural environment in domestic garbage, such as batteries, medical waste, cosmetics, expired drugs, waste lamps, etc.
3. Kitchen waste (wet waste): refers to perishable waste such as food waste, take-away surplus food and agricultural and sideline products waste from farmers' markets.
4. Other garbage (dry garbage): refers to domestic garbage outside the above categories.
(2) classified delivery
1. Teaching building and library: each building has at least one small garbage dump on each floor, and at least five kinds of recycling devices are placed according to the garbage frequently encountered: paper, plastic, harmful, wet and other garbage. Students put them into the corresponding collection containers according to the classification standards, and adjust the number of collection containers and the collection and transportation time in time according to the different garbage production, so as to maximize the utilization of resources.
2. Dormitory area: Students sort the garbage in the dormitory and put it in the designated place, filter out the kitchen waste in the dormitory, put it in the outdoor kitchen waste bin after bagging, and don't mix it with impurities that are not conducive to post-processing, such as shells, bones, tableware and chopsticks. Other types of garbage will be sorted into corresponding garbage bags and put into corresponding outdoor sorting bins nearby. The cleaning staff collects and transports the garbage in the kitchen waste bin in time. Wastes with large volume and strong integrity should be placed in the designated places of logistics, and should not be piled up in ordinary garbage collection places at will.
3. Express delivery hall: The garbage in the express delivery hall is mainly cardboard boxes and plastic packaging. The relevant departments of the school should contact the express delivery point to recycle the redeliverable solid cartons or other packaging materials.
4. Campus green belt: fallen leaves and weeds are cleaned in time and then concentrated in green belt composting.
5. Dining room: A special person is responsible for the recycling of kitchen waste, which is collected and transported separately after concentration.
6. Merchants: bring their own garbage bins in sufficient quantities and types, consciously sort and recycle the garbage, and then consciously transport them to the fixed garbage centralized loading point of the nearby school.
(3) Classified collection and transportation
1. Centralized collection and transportation: after teachers and students put the classified garbage into the corresponding garbage bins, the cleaners check it twice and then transport it to the fixed centralized garbage loading point, and then park the classified garbage trucks and transport them out of the school.
2. harmful waste: The quantity is small, so you should contact the enterprise for collection and transportation once a week.
3. Public welfare: For waste books and clothes, students can spontaneously set up a public welfare station of XX University, set up a recycling station on campus, use Internet big data to screen out suitable fixed-point docking institutions, and contact remote mountainous areas to carry out follow-up public welfare activities.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Conclusion Colleges and universities integrate the functions of residential area, teaching office area and public service area. The classified recycling of campus garbage is the result of the combination of school attention and students' efforts. By combining Internet technology with students' life, schools will successfully classify garbage and promote modern campus management.
With the help of Internet technology, the development of campus garbage classification will have a long-term significance, and students' ability to accept and adapt to new knowledge will be strong. Students will become the leaders of the new garbage classification model and lay a solid foundation for popularization to the whole society.