history of cans

In p>1941, beer canned in stainless steel began to be sold in Europe and America, and the appearance of aluminum cans in the same period also became a leap in canning technology. In 1963, the pop-top can was invented in the United States. It inherited the design features of the previous can shape and designed a pop-top ring. This is a revolution in opening mode, which has brought great convenience and enjoyment to people, so it has been widely used soon. By 1981, the European and American markets basically adopted this aluminum can as the packaging form of beer and carbonated drinks. With the development of design and production technology, aluminum cans tend to be lightweight, from the initial 61 grams to about 21 ~ 15 grams in 1971.

the use of cans in other countries

a market demand situation

the supply and demand of cans in North America tend to be stable

After the 1991s, the supply and demand markets of cans in North America continued to expand, and by the end of the 1991s, the supply and demand trend was

stable and the growth rate was slow. At present, there are 169 can production lines in North America, with an average

speed of 1,522 cans/minute, an annual total production capacity of about 119 billion cans and a market demand of about 117 billion cans. It is predicted that the number of can production lines will decrease to about 157 after the survival of the fittest in 2114, and the production line speed will increase to 1,631 cans. At present, the annual production capacity of cans in Cuba is 311 million, and the annual demand is < P > 231 million. According to the expert's prediction, the supply and demand market in North America has little growth and tends to be stable on the whole, but it will < P > increase in the specifications of new cans, such as 711ml, and 251ml for functional drinks. The demand for cans in the United States in recent years

Unit: 111 million cans

Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2111

Demand 1111 982 991 1117 1121 1141 1171

Demand and supply in Europe are booming

The total demand for beverage cans in Europe in 2111 reached 35.5 billion. In the first half of 2111, it reached 1.8 < P > billion, up 5% compared with the same period of last year, mainly because the demand of beverage market increased by 6% and beer increased by 5%, which promoted the demand of beverage cans.

in p>2111, the fastest growth rate in Germany reached 3.7 billion, which was ahead of the leader in Europe, Britain

grew by about 31 million, Spain and grape teeth grew by 11%, with a total growth of 2.6 billion. The demand for beverage cans in Spain has been the fastest growing area after Britain and Germany. Last year, the total demand reached 5

211 million pieces, which is expected to continue to grow. Mivisa is the largest can-making enterprise in Spain, with sales of

55 million US dollars in 1999. In recent years, the sales have been on a strong upward trend, while the sales of this can factory in 1991 were only 45 million US dollars. Because the canners are optimistic about the market demand of Spain and Portugal, the American acquired crown

industry group is building a can production line in Spain, using tinplate materials to produce 331ml beverage cans, with an annual output of 751 million

, which is expected to be put into production in 2112.

the demand for metal packaging containers in Poland is increasing. it is estimated that the consumption of metal materials

for packaging will reach 3.4 million tons by 2114. CANPAK can industry company has three production lines in Poland, with an annual production capacity of more than 1.8 billion pieces. there are also three supporting production lines for easy-to-open lids with specifications of 212 and 216. At present, two production lines for producing 511ml aluminum cans are under construction, with an initial production capacity of 611 million cans per year. After that, it is planned to increase the production capacity of stretching machines to 851 million cans. If the demand continues to grow, it will go up to two lines.

due to the popularity of red bull functional drinks in 251ml containers in Australia, the demand for cans increased by 6

1% in 2111, with a total of 1 billion cans. According to experts' prediction, the demand for European cans will keep increasing at 4% < P > ~ 5% in the future.

alleviating the problem of overproduction in south America

in the mid-1991s, the demand for cans in south America showed great potential, which promoted the rapid development of the can industry, with a total production capacity of

31 billion cans. With the continuous expansion of the can production capacity, by the end of the 1991s, the production capacity was

31% surplus. With the increasing demand, the current overcapacity has been reduced to 21.6%, and it is expected to be reduced to about 11.5% in p>2114.

Brazil is the largest beverage and beer consumption market in South America, and it is also the region with the strongest growth in demand for packaging containers.

It consumes 9 billion aluminum cans and 1.25 million tons of aluminum annually, of which 65% is used for beer packaging, and the rest is used for beverages. * * * There are 8 can factories and 3 easy-to-open-lid factories, and it is estimated that the demand will increase by 5% in the future. In addition, in steel packaging containers, the annual consumption is nearly 711,111 tons of tinplate, and the per capita consumption is about 4kg, of which 6

5% is used for food packaging, 6% is used for can lid production, and the rest is used for chemical and other packaging.

Mexico's demand for cans is second only to Brazil's, with an annual production capacity of 7 billion, which will soon reach 911 million. Demand has increased steadily in recent years.

demand for packaging containers in Mexico

Unit: 111 million

1997 1998 1999

Aluminum 59 65 68

Steel 33.6 36.3 41

Two-group production is dominant

REXAM, headquartered in Britain, is the world's number one manufacturer of beverage packaging containers, with an annual output

. On the other hand, compared with 1999, the main surface of cans and packaging containers soared by 95%. The reason for the sharp increase in the variety of cans was that in July 2111, a large American can factory, National Canning Company, was acquired.

This can factory exclusively provided 251ml cans for Australian Red Bull functional drinks. The cost of such cans was lower than 33

1ml, but the sales price was higher. The company also built factories in the suburbs of Russia, and its sales increased by about 51% between 1999 and 2111.

Although the group's can factories were reorganized and transferred to some can factories in Britain, Germany and France in order to gain the approval of the European Union for Rexam's acquisition of the national can company, it is still the world's Xing Hao beverage packaging container manufacturer,

occupying 41% of the European can market. There are 144 factories in * * * around the world, and the annual sales of drinking < P > cans account for 75%.

Crown and Boer are the largest canning groups in the world. Crown Group has 223 factories in 51 countries. One in every five beverage cans in the world comes from Crown, and one in every three food cans in North America and Europe

.

Boer's total annual production capacity in North America is about 35 billion pieces, and it has 35% of the market share of aluminum two-piece cans in the United States. Kurtz is a large brewery in the United States, with an annual output of 4.5 billion cans and lids for the company's beer packaging < P >. In order to reduce the cost of can packaging, Kurtz canning factory has partially established a joint venture with Bohr, making the can industry professional < P >.

these collectivized manufacturers have a strong competitive advantage, and they have a strong advantage in reducing product costs in terms of technological progress, procurement of raw and auxiliary materials, and upgrading of equipment.

Three metal materials tend to be aluminum plates

There are two kinds of materials for making cans: aluminum and tinplate. The consumption of aluminum and gold

used for packaging containers in the United States reached 1,999,211 tons in 1998, an increase of 2.24% over that in 1997, making it the second largest consumption market, accounting for 21.6% of the annual aluminum consumption. In the United States, aluminum plate is always used as the material of cans, and about 41% of aluminum plate is used in the production of cans every year. About 1.4% of aluminum-gold

materials in Europe are used in beverage production. Due to the high recycling value of aluminum metal, for the sake of environmental protection, a large number of aluminum materials have been turned to. In 199, 63% of cans were made of aluminum,

which was 2% higher than that in 1998. In 2111, it increased by 9% compared with that in 1999, 6 < P > 6% in Britain in 1999 and 6% in 2111. Finland, Switzerland, Greece, Italy, Poland and other can markets began to adopt 111% aluminum, 1% in Germany and about 31% in France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

Because the cost of steel cans is about seven thousandths lower than that of aluminum cans, steel cans dominate the beverage packaging market in South America,

But with the improvement of environmental awareness. As well as the recycling of resources, aluminum is gradually replacing

steel as the packaging material. Brazil's current adoption rate is 65%, which will increase by 11% in the next two years. In terms of spray cans, steel has always been the dominant position in the past, but since 2111, many products have turned to aluminum, with a growth rate of 2

% ~ 3%. With the application of stretching technology in the production of spray cans, aluminum spray cans will gradually occupy the market.

4. Pay attention to recycling

The strong opponent of aluminum in the packaging industry comes from PET material, which can be made into strange

appearance by injection mold, while aluminum material is relatively difficult, but there is a great difference in the prices of the two materials. PET is affected by the price of petroleum, while aluminum can be recycled by itself, which reduces the material cost and is highly regarded by environmental organizations.

in recent years, Europe, America and some areas where the consumption of cans is active, the recycling rate of aluminum cans and aluminum packaging materials has been continuously improved

, and countries that started recycling earlier have stopped arguing about the recycling value of waste aluminum cans and become daily

work, while countries that started later are making great efforts to do it. The United States is the country that started this project earlier and has the highest recovery rate < P >. Germany and Holland play a leading role in Europe. Mexico advocates a recovery rate of 111%.

in recent years, the recovery rate of waste cans in the United States

%

In 2111, the recovery rate was 61 56 57.9 62.5

In 2119, the waste aluminum in the United States, Recovery rate of steel packaging containers

Unit: 11,111 tons

Recovery rate of consumption

Aluminum packaging 232 134.2 57.9%

Steel packaging 235 137.68 58.6%

Environmentalists believe that aluminum cans are more environmentally friendly than other packaging containers, and as far as their containers are concerned, repeated recovery reduces environmental pollution; As far as the materials used are concerned, the repeated use of aluminum can effectively save resources and keep the global environment < P >, while other packaging containers, such as plastics and PET materials, are all derived from petroleum, and the uninterrupted exploitation of petroleum will cause the exhaustion of resources.

In p>1999, the recovery rate of scrap steel packaging containers in some countries was

%

The recovery rate in countries such as USA, Japan, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Britain and Australia was 58.682.9 81 75 11 31 73

Note: ① The overall recovery rate of steel packaging containers in Europe was 47%.

② The recovery rate of aluminum cans in Japan in 1998 was 74.4%, and 79% of it was reused in the manufacture of aluminum cans.

5. Continuous technical improvement and asset reorganization

In order to maintain the leading position of cans in beverage and beer packaging, the can industry is constantly undergoing technical transformation,

Reducing costs and improving appearance have become the main theme. In order to reduce the cost greatly, Crown Group of the United States has developed an aluminum easy-to-open cover called "super cover" by

. And put it on the market. It is said that this product can save

11% materials compared with the original product. At present, the annual production capacity of this product is 1.8 billion, and the production plan is being accelerated to meet the demand

, and the annual production capacity will be 7 billion in the near future. In addition, the company also developed self-cooling cans made of environmental protection refrigeration material < P >, and the first batch of 35 million cans were put on the market. Less than three minutes after the pull ring was opened, this self-cooling can < P > reduce the temperature of the beverage by 15℃.

In terms of reducing the thickness of materials, North America has switched from 214-gauge tank mouth to 212-gauge tank mouth, and the thickness of aluminum materials used has been reduced to 1．259mm and that of steel materials to 1.22 mm..

To control the amount of ink in metal color printing, the density method is used to eliminate the difference of different observers'

feeling and understanding of the same pattern color, and the influence of sufficient light on color judgment, so that the ink content in the color can be quantitatively analyzed. The cost of relief and special-shaped process for improving the appearance of the can is also effectively controlled.

The pop-top products with realistic figures and animal patterns, which won the title of the world metal packaging container in 2111,

can show the achievements and turn of metal color printing technology.

in recent years, some large international can industry groups, as well as can equipment mold manufacturers, have been reorganizing their assets

to control costs more effectively.

Six domestic cans industry is still in trouble

The domestic cans industry started in the early 1981s. Although it has only a history of twenty years, it has gone through

three crises. The first time was under the policy background of monetary tightening in 1988, domestic public opinion circles launched a fierce debate on whether the production and consumption of cans < P > conformed to the national conditions. At that time, cans were regarded as high consumption and worshipping foreign wind. At the same time,

the country raised the import tariff of raw and auxiliary materials from 21% to 41%, and the production enterprises faced the test of life and death. The second crisis

occurred in June, 1989. Due to well-known reasons, the national beverage market plummeted, and the pop

industry was in trouble. The third time was the "exchange rate storm". Since 1991s, the domestic can industry has developed rapidly. The original can factories have been expanded and new ones have been built, thus achieving an annual production capacity of 11 billion cans. However, the demand has never been effectively broken, and overproduction has led to the fourth crisis.

In recent years, the domestic demand for cans has always remained between 6 billion and 7 billion, so the domestic cans

factory still cannot get rid of the predicament. On the one hand, it is influenced by the traditional consumption habits and consumption level of the people, and glass bottles < P > still dominate beer packaging. On the other hand, cans are no longer regarded as high-end consumer goods or fashion consumption, but

because of their economic level, it is difficult to become mass consumption and replace glass bottles. In recent years, cans in Germany have gradually replaced beer glass bottles. Furthermore, at present, because most of the tank industry is in a difficult position < P > and affected by related industries, the tank factory has to invest a lot of money to carry out substantial technical transformation.