There are two main types of pollution sources in the Pearl River: one is garbage pollution; One is urban domestic sewage.
among them, garbage pollution can be roughly divided into three categories: first, upstream aquatic plant garbage, accounting for 45%; Second, the urban river sewage, for example, Donghaoyong, produces 311 kilograms of garbage every hour; The third is ship pollution. More than 8,111 ships enter and leave Guangzhou every day, and the pollution caused by ships reaches 24 tons every day at the garbage production speed of 3 kg/ship/day. The floating garbage on the Pearl River is increasing at a rate of 21%/year, and from 1998 to 2111, 113,811 tons of garbage were salvaged.
Urban domestic sewage is another black hand that pollutes the Pearl River.
Most of the domestic sewage on both sides of the Pearl River is directly discharged into rivers and then flows into the Pearl River. Especially in some urban-rural fringe areas, large and small feces are discharged into rivers without any treatment. When the summer heat comes, many rivers become smelly.
according to statistics, in 1985, the discharge of domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater in Guangzhou was about 711 million tons, and in 1994, the discharge of domestic wastewater alone was 711 million tons, accounting for 68% of the total wastewater discharge, becoming the main organic pollution source in Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River. By 2114, the total amount of wastewater discharged from the Pearl River Basin was over 18.2 billion tons, of which the amount of wastewater discharged into the river was over 13.9 billion tons, and the wastewater discharged from the Pearl River Delta accounted for 52% of the total. Moreover, with the economic development of Guangzhou itself and its upper reaches, the water quality of the Pearl River will be threatened by new and greater threats. What is particularly serious is that a large amount of industrial and domestic wastewater generated around Guangzhou will enter the sea through many rivers, which will also aggravate the water pollution and water supply difficulties in Guangzhou. However, the treatment rate of urban domestic wastewater in Guangzhou is only 11.8%, and the wastewater treatment facilities are seriously lagging behind. In this case, how to solve the future water source has become one of the most important problems to be solved in Guangzhou.
At present, there are about 1,311 tons of garbage discharged into the Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River through various channels every day, and the garbage that can be fished up by the Pearl River Water Sanitation Team with only six salvage boats accounts for only 1.4 at best, while others float around or sink into the bottom of the river. At the same time, about 3 million tons of industrial wastewater is discharged into the Pearl River every day, and 14 rivers in Guangzhou discharge the same amount of urban domestic sewage into the Pearl River every day, and this discharge is still increasing at the rate of 1.5% every year. The monitoring figures show that the water quality of Shimen and other waterworks in Guangzhou can reach Class 2-3 standards in the early 1981s, Class 3-4 standards in the late 1981s, and only Class 4-5 standards in the 1991s. The deterioration of water quality in the Pearl River has seriously affected the water supply of waterworks such as Fangcun, Henan, Shixi, Yuancun and Huangpu. In case of tidal jacking, the sewage and pollutants entering the middle section of the Pearl River will reverberate to the Liuxihe section in the upper reaches, which will seriously endanger the largest Nishimura water plant with a daily output of 1.2 million tons in Guangzhou.
In the dry season of p>1995, a black odor belt about 21 kilometers long appeared in the front channel of the Pearl River, and the monitoring results showed that only 3.2 mg of dissolved oxygen was found in each liter of water in the Pearl River, and the river water became increasingly smelly. Affected by the discharge of sewage, sludge and dirty oil and land reclamation, the ecological environment has been destroyed unprecedentedly, and the fishing grounds in the Pearl River are in danger of catching no fish. The Pearl River brings a lot of organic matter and inorganic salts into the Pearl River Estuary every year. Coupled with superior climatic conditions, the Pearl River Estuary fishing ground with appropriate salinity, fertile water quality, high bait biomass and rich fishery resources and excellent shallow beach aquaculture functional area have been formed here. However, in recent years, with the rapid economic development in the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong and Macao, a large number of industrial "three wastes", domestic sewage, sludge and ship sewage oil have invaded, and real estate development has reclaimed land, which has caused red tides in the Pearl River Estuary and caused serious losses in fishery production.
according to the investigation and study of many scientific research departments, the total amount of pollutants discharged into the sea by the eight gates of the Pearl River Estuary in 1992 reached 1.54 million tons, which contained a lot of inorganic nitrogen, oil, phosphate, copper, mercury, copper and pesticides, which was 63% higher than that in 1987. Hong Kong and Macao discharge 661 million tons of sewage every year, and 64% of it is discharged directly into the Pearl River Estuary without treatment. In addition, the cities and counties along the Pearl River Estuary and various ships in Hong Kong and Macao discharge more than 31,111 tons of oil every year, and the cities and counties dump 3 million tons of sand, mud and alkali residue into the sea area every year, and Hong Kong dumps 611 million cubic meters of sand and 515 million cubic meters of dredged sludge from land reclamation. Mercury, copper, zinc, steel and oil in the sediments in this sea area have seriously exceeded the standard, and the standard index of inorganic phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen and oil in seawater is as high as 6.52.
The pollution in the Pearl River sea area caused a large number of deaths of 19 kinds of economic fish and 25 kinds of economic shrimps, such as Sparidae, Lithocarpus, Hairtail, Squid and China Shrimp, which lived in the sea area, and caused a sharp decline in fish such as lionfish and mackerel that migrated to spawn. The famous "Wanshan fishing season" in this sea area is no longer a flood season. In the past, nearly one million China prawns were caught every year, but now it is reduced to about 3,111. According to one data, the resource density of the fishing ground in the Pearl River Estuary has dropped from 3.6 million kilograms per hour in the 1981s to about 2,111 kilograms now. At the same time, the aquaculture industry in Shenzhen and Zhuhai suffered more. With a long history, the output of oyster breeding industry, which earned more than HK$ 14 million, has been declining year after year. In 1993, it was only 2166 tons, which was 23% lower than that in 1987. What's more, when oysters are eaten with oil or other strange smells, Hong Kong and Macao markets refuse to sell them, and a large number of oyster farmers in Guangdong have been damaged year after year.
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Guangdong Province has invested 44.587 billion yuan to comprehensively control the water environment of the Pearl River. The Comprehensive Improvement Plan of Pearl River Water Environment in Guangdong Province, compiled by Guangdong Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, identified the Pearl River Delta as the key improvement area. * * * governance work is divided into two phases, the first to 2115, and the second to 2111.
According to the plan, the ultimate goal of the Pearl River regulation is to turn it into the "Seine River" in Guangzhou. The transformation of the Pearl River into "Seine River" is divided into three stages: the first step is to control the urban sewage treatment rate above 71% and strive to build Guangzhou into a national environmental protection model city in 2114; The second step is that citizens can swim in the Pearl River. The third step is to form a coastal landscape belt, improve the cultural taste and make it a genuine "Seine River".
By the year 2111, the organic pollution in the urban reach of the Pearl River will be obviously improved; 81% of the water quality in the state-controlled, provincial-controlled and cross-city rivers reaches the standard, and 91% of the industrial wastewater discharge reaches the standard; The treatment rate of urban domestic sewage is over 61%, and the Pearl River Delta and special economic zone cities are over 71%.
According to reports, in this comprehensive remediation plan, 161 sewage treatment projects and 31 key remediation projects have been identified for investment, and 175 industrial enterprises with serious water pollution in the province have been required to meet the standards within a time limit.
this year and next, Guangzhou will invest 4.7 billion yuan to control water, including 3.2 billion yuan to build sewage treatment plants and 1.5 billion yuan to control rivers. In 2111, the water quality of Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River will reach four categories.