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Historical changes of Foshan
Everyone knows the historical changes of Foshan. Foshan is rich in tourism resources, and its natural landscape, human landscape and artificial cultural amusement landscape are rich and colorful. Founded in the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1078~ 1085), Foshan Zumiao is a temple integrating ancient ceramics, wood carving, casting and architectural art. It is said that it was built in the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1078~ 1085) to worship Taoism. The original building was burnt down at the end of Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in the fifth year of Hongwu in the early Ming Dynasty (1372). It is called ancestral temple because it has a long history and is the first temple in Foshan. Shunde Qinghui Garden and Foshan Liangyuan, one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong in Qing Dynasty, are national scenic spots, Xiqiao Mountain in Nanhai, Confucius Temple, Ningju Temple, Kang Youwei's former residence in Nanhai, Xishan Temple in Shunde, Bruce Lee Memorial Hall in Shunde, Xujiang Ancestral Temple in Lushui, Wenta, Gaoming Wenchang Pagoda and Guiling Pagoda. , attracting many tourists.

When it comes to tourism in Foshan, we have to mention the new eight scenic spots in Foshan: On June 5438+ 10, 2004, Foshan selected the new eight scenic spots in Foshan from 25 candidate scenic spots. The eight newly-added scenic spots are: Xiqiao Diecui (Xiqiao Mountain in the South China Sea), Ancestral Temple Holy Land (Foshan Ancestral Temple), Qinghui Yu Xiu (Shunde Qinghui Garden), Ancient Stove Salary Biography (Nanfeng Ancient Stove in Chancheng), Flower Sea Wonder (Shunde Flower World), Cloud, Water and Lotus Fragrance (Sanshui Lotus World), Soap Screen Lingyun (Gaoming Soap Pingshan) and South Taoyuan (South Hainan Taoyuan).

Other major tourist attractions in Foshan: Xiqiao Mountain Sanshui Lotus World Foshan Ancestral Temple Nanhai Film and Television City Foshan Zhongshan Park Shunde Xishan Temple Shunde Baolin Temple Foshan Liangyuan Qingyun Cave Nanguo Taoyuan Nanfeng Ancient Stove Liuchuan Memorial Hall Shunde Qinghuiyuan Huang Feihong Martial Arts School Ninjutsu Temple Nanhai Kannonji Sanshui Forest Park Qingyun Cave Nanhai Liang Qichao's former residence. Jianghuangji Nature Reserve Lubao Zumiao Foshan Institute of Technology Sanshui Jiudao Valley Bijiang Yinlao Garden Qiandeng Lake Aiwen Education Farm Chajing Park Shiwan Art Ceramics Factory Shunde Bijiang Jinlou Shunde Jun 'an Town Country Garden Golf Course Blues Golf Course Shunde Ecological Park Li Donghua Carter Horse Racing Club Song Chi Wong Tai Sin Shengjing Foshan Kang Youwei Former Residence Xiachan Temple Feixia Cave Biyudong Long Tao Bay Forest Dynamic Water City Shunde Paifang SF Park SF Paifang Huang Feihong Memorial Hall Wenta Park Tongji Bridge Hedong Former Site Shunde Luchang Farm.

There is information on the development and changes of Foshan's long history, splendid culture and construction achievements. Foshan has a long history, with a history of 1300 years. It is rich in historical and cultural resources, and is a national historical and cultural city, leaving many historical sites and settlement sites with historical commemorative significance and humanistic and artistic value.

There are 4 national key cultural relics protection units, 27 provincial cultural relics protection units, 150 municipal (county) cultural relics protection units, 6 state-owned museums, museums on ceramics, gardens, martial arts and folk art, celebrity memorial halls 14, and private museums 1. No matter from the number of cultural relics protection units, or from the types and quality of various cultural relics, Foshan can be called a famous cultural relic city in Guangdong.

Moreover, Foshan is the birthplace of Cantonese opera and the famous hometown of ceramics, martial arts and folk art. These rich cultural and historical resources are not only valuable cultural wealth in Foshan, but also a solid foundation and potential advantage for the development of modern culture in Foshan.

Everyone knows the historical changes of Foshan. Foshan is rich in tourism resources, and its natural landscape, human landscape and artificial cultural amusement landscape are rich and colorful.

Founded in the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1078~ 1085), Foshan Zumiao is a temple integrating ancient ceramics, wood carving, casting and architectural art. It is said that it was built in the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1078~ 1085) to worship Taoism. The original building was burnt down at the end of Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in the fifth year of Hongwu in the early Ming Dynasty (1372).

It is called ancestral temple because it has a long history and is the first temple in Foshan. Shunde Qinghui Garden and Foshan Liangyuan, one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong in Qing Dynasty, are national scenic spots, Xiqiao Mountain in Nanhai, Confucius Temple, Ningju Temple, Kang Youwei's former residence in Nanhai, Xishan Temple in Shunde, Bruce Lee Memorial Hall in Shunde, Xujiang Ancestral Temple in Lushui, Wenta, Gaoming Wenchang Pagoda and Guiling Pagoda. , attracting many tourists.

When it comes to tourism in Foshan, we have to mention the new eight scenic spots in Foshan: On June 5438+ 10, 2004, Foshan selected the new eight scenic spots in Foshan from 25 candidate scenic spots. The eight newly added scenic spots are: Xiqiao Diecui (Xiqiao Mountain in Nanhai), Ancestral Temple Holy Land (Foshan Ancestral Temple), Qinghui Yu Xiu (Shunde Qinghui Garden), Guzao Salary Biography (Nanfeng Guzao in Chancheng), Flower Sea Wonder, (Shunde Flower World), Cloud, Water and Lotus Fragrance (Sanshui Lotus World), Soap Curtain Lingyun (Gaoming soap screen hill) and other major tourist attractions in Foshan: Xiqiao Mountain. Qingyun Cave in Liangyuan, Foshan, Southern Taoyuan, Nanfeng Ancient Stove, Liuchuan Memorial Hall, Shunde Yuan Qinghui, Huang Feihong Martial Arts School, Ningju Temple, Sanshui Forest Park in Kannonji, Nanhai, Qingyun Dongtou Village Shunde Flower World Jiujiang Huangjiu Nature Reserve Lubao Zumiao Foshan Institute of Technology Sanshui Jiudao Valley Bijiang Yinlao Garden Qiandeng Lake Aiwen Education Farm Chajing Park Shiwan Art Ceramics Factory Shunde Bijiang Jinlou Shunde Junan Town Country Garden Golf Course Blues Golf Course Shunde Ecological Park Li Donghua Carter Racing Club Song Chi. Sanshui Forest Racing Club Jinxia Temple Feixia Cave Biyu Cave Long Tao Bay Forest Dynamic Watertown Shunde Paifang Shunfeng Park Shunfeng Paifang Huang Feihong Memorial Hall Wenta Park Tongji Bridge Hedong Old Site Shunde Luchang Farm.

A hundred years of changes in the South China Sea in Foshan, and some changes in Foshan, I hope to help you! 1949, the county-level Foshan city was established, with Foshan Town of Nanhai County as the administrative area, and it was placed under the Pearl River Special Zone 1950 1 month. The county-level Foshan city was upgraded to a prefecture-level city1July 950, and Foshan was placed under Nanhai County195/kloc-0 when it was changed into a town. Dongsan Township of Nanhai County and some villages under its jurisdiction, such as Shijiao, Tang Yang, Guofang, Kaysa and Nanyong, were included in Foshan City in April 1954, Shiwan Town of Nanhai County was included in Foshan City in April 1958, and Foshan City was downgraded to a county-level city in February 1958. Ying Chao Commune, Dongsan Township, an upstream commune, and Dunhou Township, a happy commune in Dunhou County, 1966 are under the jurisdiction of Foshan City. Foshan city in Foshan area was upgraded to a prefecture-level city, and it was downgraded from 1970 to a county-level city, and 1975 was placed under the jurisdiction of Foshan area, and Foshan city in Foshan area was upgraded to a prefecture-level city, and it was directly administered from 65438+. The State Council1June 1984 approved the allocation of Shikeng, Dienan and Diebei townships in Nanhai County to Foshan City, and1June 1987 established Fenjiang District and Shiwan District of Foshan City. Fenjiang District of Foshan City was renamed as the urban area in February 2002. the State Council approved the revocation of Foshan City and Shiwan District, the establishment of Chancheng District of Foshan City, and the revocation of Nanhai City and Shunde City at the county level.

Foshan Historical Foshan, formerly known as Ji Hua Township, is a famous historical and cultural city with a long history and profound cultural heritage.

According to textual research, Foshan's human history originated from Shi Lan Street in Chancheng District. About 4500-5500 years ago, the ancestors of Baiyue came here along the Xijiang River and Beijiang River to thrive and create primitive civilization by fishing and pottery making. In the second year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 628), because three Buddha statues were excavated on Tapogang in the city, they thought this place was a place of Buddhism, so they set up a stone table and changed Ji Hua Township to "Foshan", also known as "Chancheng".

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the handicraft industry, commerce and culture in Foshan were very prosperous. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it developed into an important town in Lingnan, with many businessmen and developed industry and commerce. Together with Hankou Town in Hubei, Jingdezhen Town in Jiangxi and Zhuxian Town in Henan, it is also called the "Four Famous Towns" in China, and the "Four Great Meetings" in the world with Beijing, Hankou and Suzhou. The four major industries of ceramics, textiles, casting and medicine in the south are very prosperous.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Foshan became one of the cradles of modern national industries in China. The first new reeling factory and the first match factory in China were born one after another, and the "Bamboo Mouth Factory of Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company" was established. The long history has given birth to the unique charm of Lingnan traditional culture.

Foshan is known as the hometown of pottery, Cantonese opera, martial arts, Guangzhou yarn center, Lingnan medicine center, southern casting center and folk art center. Foshan is the "Tao Dou of South China", and its pottery has a long history of more than 700 years. Since ancient times, it has had the reputation of "Shiwanwa is the best in the world".

Nanfeng ancient stove, built in Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty, is the oldest firewood burning dragon kiln in the world. It has been handed down from generation to generation for more than 400 years and is known as the "living fossil of ceramics". In 2005, Foshan won the title of "Ceramic Capital of China".

Foshan is the birthplace of Cantonese opera Southern Red Bean. The nickname of Cantonese opera artists-"Children of the Red Boat", the earliest organization of Cantonese opera-Qionghua Guild Hall was born.

It is a major feature of Foshan culture that folk spontaneously organize Cantonese opera to sing Private Bureau, which lasts for a long time. The Qionghua Cantonese Opera Art Festival, held every year, makes Foshan present a grand occasion of "berthing a red boat in the sand at night and watching Qionghua by thousands of people".

Foshan is the "hometown of Lingnan medicine". The ancient prescription medicine has a history of more than 400 years, and its products are complete, which can be divided into seven categories: ointment, Dan, pill, powder, tea, oil and wine. It is an essential Chinese patent medicine for artisans, families and tourists, and a number of time-honored and famous medicines such as "Huangxianghua" Ruyi oil, "popular" medicinal liquor and "Yuanjilin" Ganhe tea have emerged.

The foundry industry in Foshan began more than 2000 years ago. Pots, pots, bells and towers cast in Foshan in the Song Dynasty were famous all over the country.

By the Ming Dynasty, Foshan's casting technology had reached a fairly high level and became the smelting center of South China. During the Opium War, the cannons cast in Foshan played an important role in resisting foreign invasion.

Foshan is the cradle of folk art in the Pearl River Delta, which breeds and retains a large number of folk arts and folk customs that embody the essence of Lingnan culture, such as autumn scenery, lion dance, dragon dance, dragon boat rap and dragon boat race. Traditional handicrafts such as autumn colors, paper-cutting, woodcut New Year pictures, pottery sculptures, gray carvings and brick carvings are exquisite and unique. At the end of 2005, six projects, including lion dance, Cantonese opera, dragon boat rap, Foshan woodblock New Year pictures, Guangdong paper-cutting and Shiwan pottery and plastic arts, which Foshan participated in the declaration, entered the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.

Since ancient times, Foshan has been rich in humanities and talented people. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, there have been nine champions in Guangdong, and Foshan ranks fifth.

The Ming and Qing Dynasties were "a humanistic country with equal emphasis on both Qi and Qi". In modern times, Kang Youwei, the leader of the Reform Movement, political activists Zhang, Dai Hongci, Tan Pingshan, He Xiangning, Luo Dengxian and Deng Pei, national industrialists Chen Qiyuan, Jane and Jane Yujie, scientists Zhan Tianyou and Zou, writers Wu, Cantonese opera stars, Ma Shiceng, martial arts masters Liang Zan, Bruce Lee and famous doctors were born.

Foshan, China, the third largest city in Guangdong Province, is located in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta. It now governs five districts, namely Chancheng District, Nanhai District, Shunde District, Sanshui District and Gaoming District, with a total area of 38 13.64 square kilometers and a total population of 3.3585 million.

Foshan is a famous cultural city with a long history. As early as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was listed as one of the "Four Famous Towns" in China.

It is also the hometown of Huang Feihong, a national hero in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Trade and commerce have been gathering and things have been smooth and smooth.

Since the reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in Foshan's economy and society, and the total economic output of Foshan has grown rapidly. In 2002, the city's GDP reached 65.438+065.438+06.866 billion yuan.

The total industrial output value is 26,878,900 yuan, and Foshan has a solid economic foundation. Industry is the most important part of Foshan's economy. After years of reform, adjustment and development, Foshan has built a leading industrial cluster with ceramics, textiles and clothing, real estate, electronics, electrical appliances, plastics, building materials, electromechanical, printing and packaging, food machinery and other industries as the backbone. With the acceleration of urbanization, the increase of population and the continuous improvement of people's living standards in the five districts of Foshan, the contradiction of industrial water pollution has become increasingly prominent. To control the water environment and improve the quality of drinking water, it is necessary to update and introduce a large number of water supply and drainage and water treatment technologies and equipment, which has attracted great attention from cities. Judging from the just-concluded new work report of Foshan, * * * will invest 4.7 billion yuan to start the eco-environmental protection project. Focusing on the renovation of the Pearl River and Fenjiang River, we will comprehensively implement the comprehensive renovation of the water environment.

It is reported that Foshan Pearl River water environment comprehensive improvement plan proposes that the city plans to build 22 domestic sewage treatment plants this year, of which 1 1 can be put into operation this year. At present, Shagang Sewage Treatment Plant in Chancheng District has started, and it is estimated that it can be put into use this year. Nanhai District and Shunde District require all sewage treatment plants in towns to be completed before the end of next year. This year, sewage treatment plants 10 are under construction or about to start construction in * * * area. The sewage treatment plants with a daily treatment capacity of 50,000 tons in Sanshui and Gaoming central cities are under intense construction and can be put into trial operation by the end of this year. In addition, the sewage treatment plants in Sanshui, such as Jinben, Leping, Lubao, Nanfang, Gaomingfuwan, Yangmei and Sanzhou, are also expected to start construction this year.

Foshan-great business opportunities! It will definitely become a strategic location for manufacturers to compete for.

Help give some information about the history and culture of Lingnan (preferably Foshan): historical celebrities and historical changes. Lingnan refers to the area south of Wuling in the south of China, which is equivalent to the whole of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and parts of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. Historically, Lingnan Road in the Tang Dynasty also included the Red River Delta in Vietnam, which once belonged to the rule of the Chinese dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, northern Vietnam was separated. The concept of Lingnan gradually excluded Vietnam. Lingnan is a special environmental area in China. These areas are not only similar in geographical environment, but also in people's living habits. Due to the changes of administrative divisions in past dynasties, the word Lingnan may refer to Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces, but it does not include some counties and cities in Jiangxi and Hunan south of Wuling.

Historical investigation

Lingnan was the land of Baiyue and the place where Baiyue people lived in ancient times. At the end of Qin dynasty and the beginning of Han dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Nanyue state and Fujian and Vietnam state. Various buildings in Lingnan (7 pieces) refer to the south of Wuling, which consists of five mountains: Yuechengling, Dupangling, Mengzhuling, Qitianling and Dayuling. Generally distributed in Fujian (including Wuyishan), eastern Guangxi to eastern Guangdong and the junction of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. It is the largest horizontal tectonic belt mountain range in southern China, and it is also the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. For a long time, this was a natural barrier. The Nanling Mountains hindered the traffic and economic links between Lingnan area and Central Plains, which made the economy and culture of Lingnan area far worse than that of Central Plains, and was called "the land of barbarians" by Huaxia at that time. Since Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, dug the Meiguan ancient road in Dayuling, the Lingnan area has been gradually developed.

Geography of the Book of Jin refers to Nanhai, Guilin and Xiang Jun, which were established in Qin Dynasty, as "the three counties of Lingnan", and defines the geographical scope of Lingnan. It is bordered by Wuling in the north and south, Nanhai in the south, Yunnan and Guizhou in the west and Fujian in the east, covering most of today's Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and northern Vietnam. After the Song Dynasty, northern Vietnam was separated. Wuling not only refers to the names of five mountains, but also includes five passages through Nanling.

Lingnan is also called "outside the ridge" and "leading the table". Lingnan is a special environmental area in China. These areas are not only similar in geographical environment, but also in people's living habits. The warm and beautiful landscape of Nanling (Lingnan) breeds the cultural characteristics of Lingnan people, such as flexibility, Zhang Chi's golden mean and being the first in the world. Almost every major change of the Chinese nation has made them active. Such as Hong Xiuquan, Sun Yat-sen, He Ziyuan and Rong Hong are just one of them.

Lingnan history

1938 The Sino-Japanese War broke out, and the coastal port cities of China, such as Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hainan and Hongkong, fell one after another, and the maritime traffic was basically cut off. At that time, Guangzhou Bay became the only free trade port in China, and the expressway from Guangzhou Bay to Liuzhou, Guangxi had been connected. All the materials needed by the mainland are transshipped from Guangzhou Bay, which has become a commercial center and shipping center in and out of China. There are more than 20 ships with a tonnage of more than 1,000 tons sailing in Hong Kong alone, as well as a generation of ship kings such as Xu Aizhou. According to the memories of local elders, due to the surge of hot money from all over the country, there are all kinds of restaurants, foreign firms, banks, department stores, miscellaneous loans, gold shops, theaters, dance halls and other industries in Guangzhou Bay, and their business is booming. During the commercial heyday of Guangzhou Bay, there were 16 1 shops in Zhongxing Street, which was only a few hundred meters long, and it was called the second Hong Kong.

1943 In March, Japan announced its presence in Guangzhou Bay, took over Guangzhou Bay and detained all French officials. Due to the outbreak of the Pacific War, overseas traffic was once interrupted, and the shopping mall was in a panic. Businessmen who fled from all over the country began to choose their own way to return home. The big businessmen who run big firms and banks in Guangzhou Bay returned to their original places one after another, and the business in Guangzhou Bay began to decline and gradually became cold.

business economy

Due to the barrier of high mountains and steep slopes, ancient Lingnan was difficult to communicate with the Central Plains, and its development was late. However, it is "the mountain is high and the emperor is far away", which is less influenced by the Central Plains and the economic development has been relatively stable. Similar to the "agriculture-based" model in the Central Plains, the crops are grains, especially rice, and the planting history is quite long. Apart from rice, Lingnan has a vast water network and a mild climate. Fish farming, fruit planting, mulberry planting and sericulture attach importance to cash crops and diversify. Lingnan has a long coastline and an early port opening, and maritime foreign trade is always aware of commodity economy and commodity consciousness. From the Ming Dynasty to the mid-Qing Dynasty, it was the most prosperous period of ancient Lingnan. For a long time, Guangzhou was the only foreign trade port and one of the largest commercial cities at that time. In the Qing Dynasty, the commerce and shipping of the Pearl River became busier. In the 24th year of Kangxi, Guangdong Customs was established in Guangzhou, and the foreign firm system was established in 13th line. During the Qianlong period, foreigners were allowed to open a "customs clearance" in the thirteenth line to facilitate business and life.

China official kilns are divided into north and south in history. They were first located in Quyang County, Hebei Province, which belonged to Dingzhou in ancient times, and then moved to Jingdezhen, commonly known as Dingzhou as Beiding and Jingdezhen as Nanding.

Nanding, the tire is very fine, the colorful sleeves are white, and the sleeves are white glass glaze. Ding kiln porcelain has a thin and shiny glaze, and it is better to be white. Also called Fending, also known as Bai Ding.

Where the powder is true, its sleeves are smooth and the color is similar to that of old ivory. There are many willow lines in the sleeves, and the fake glaze is mixed, too dry, too bright or too dark.

There are different kinds of powder, glazed and yellowish, commonly known as soil, and the fixtures are burnt. It is characterized by sleeveless top and small feet.

Decorative patterns include: plain color, relief, painting, printing, carving, stacking, embroidery, scratching and hiding. Its main features are rigorous layout, distinct levels, clear lines and dense.

Generally speaking, flowers are more, flowers are less, and flowers are better. The lines are delicate, concise, free and bold.

Patterns include: antique copper pattern, peony, Pisces, etc. Shapes include: plates, bowls, bottles, stoves, pots, porcelain pillows, etc.

The official kiln is located in Kaifeng, Henan. It used to be called serenity. The official kilns in Song Dynasty were called one of the "five famous kilns". There are two kinds of phoenixes: new officials and old officials. The former is the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the latter is the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty. The tire and glaze are as thin as paper, and the colors are moonlight, pink, pink, big green and putty. At that time, the moonlight was the top, the powder was the bottom, and then the powder was the top, and the moonlight was the bottom. Most of the utensils were open, with ice cracks as the top, plum patterns as the bottom, fine lines as the bottom, and yellow and black lines as the top grade.

The glaze spot is dominated by eel blood, followed by ink lines. Jun Kiln is located in Henan Province, which is now Yuxian County.

There are countless colors of Jun kiln porcelain. The most famous ones are azure, rose purple, begonia red, eggplant skin purple, sky blue, carmine, vermilion and so on. Some of them have red, purple, deep or shallow, patchy or radial changes, which can be said to be complex and subtle.

In the past, someone in our country had a poem "The sunset turned green and suddenly turned blue" to describe its beauty. The tire is gray and white, and the glaze is fine and moist with tears.

Another feature of Jun kiln porcelain is that irregular flowing thin lines often appear on porcelain, which are shaped like "worm-like mud lines", and often become the standard for future generations to identify the authenticity of Jun kiln porcelain. When firing, the number engraved on the bottom of the hanging firing method (Zhi Ding firing) is enough, and the odd number is better. Generally, only figures ranging from one to ten are marked on the bottom of delicate objects such as statues, pots and pot holders.

There have been various speculations about this kind of Jun porcelain before. For example: 1, Jun kiln ware was mentioned in the book Notes on South Kiln, which was anonymous in Qing Dynasty.

. There is a word or two between the feet, which is marked with a cover and a deputy. "

2. Some people think that the odd number at the bottom is the symbol of red and purple objects, and the even number is the symbol of cyan objects. Some people think that the number at the bottom of the equipment is to distinguish the genuine products.

The recent excavation of Juntai Kiln has basically solved the mystery for many years. According to the arrangement analysis of unearthed objects, a rule is obtained: the larger the number, the smaller the caliber of the objects or the lower the body.

One of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty, the kiln was located in Yuxian County, Henan Province, which belonged to Zhou Jun in ancient times, hence the name Jun kiln. It was burned in the Northern Song Dynasty and flourished at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Jun kiln belongs to the northern celadon system, which is unique in that it uses kiln color-changing glaze, and the burned glaze is blue and reddish. There are twists and turns in the glaze, which is also one of the characteristics of Jun glaze.

The bottom of the utensils used in the court is engraved with numbers from one to ten, such as pots, brackets, statues, etc. Jun kiln uses opaque glaze, and the colorant of glaze is mainly copper.

At that time, the firing technology was relatively skilled. However, copper red glaze is very sensitive to the temperature and atmosphere in the kiln when it is fired. If there is a slight deviation, the normal red color will not be obtained, but this kind of "changing kiln" will often bring unexpected magical colors, so there is a saying that "one color enters the kiln and all colors come out".

It is also an important basis for identification because the glaze layer cracks when it is dry or at the initial stage of firing, and then the glaze flow fills the gap at the high temperature stage, forming a "worm-like" grain mark. The handed down products of Jun porcelain are mostly Zun, furnace, bottle, washing, flowerpot and basin holder.

Ruyao is in Henan Province, formerly called Ruzhou, and now it is called Linru County. It is an important producer of porcelain in northern China since the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Ruyao celadon, with various shapes and rich decoration, not only enjoys a high reputation among the people, but also is highly appreciated by the royal family. Gong Yan Royal Ru Ci has delicate fetal quality, fragrant gray, bright glaze color and jade-like luster.

The glaze colors of Ru kiln are azure, egg blue, sea blue, bean green, shrimp green, pink green and tea powder. Sleeve material is more than the upper part of the object, and its shape is similar to fat accumulation with wax tears.

The color of the unglazed place is similar to that of sheep liver, and the one with small sesame flowers at the bottom is the best. Fetal bones were hard, and Zhi Ding's burning method was used.

Foshan has changed a lot. Let's just say that in the past two years, there are only those roads that can't move: Lingnan Avenue (formerly Dafu Road, 4 lanes changed to 8 lanes) and Ji Hua Road (rectification). Without a section, a tunnel was built to pass through.

Tongji Road (opening) Wenhua Road (rectification) Ring Road (this big project) Bridge: There are many bridges on Dongping River, Pingsheng Bridge, Dongping Bridge ... Building Lingnan Pearl Gymnasium, Lotus Gymnasium, Foshan Radio New Square is open without parks (that is, parks that are not surrounded by things), Asian Art Park (because of this park, various surrounding communities have mushroomed), Wenhua Park, Foshan Park and many other schools. Foshan Huaying School, Foshan No.3 Middle School, and Foshan Experimental School Community (real estate) check for yourself. I don't want to list the changes in Foshan in the past two years. It's unbelievable. Looking back now, it seems like a dream. Of course, there are many other subtle changes.