The first volume (multiple choice questions)
Friendly reminder:
Hey, it's time to show yourself. You should think calmly and answer your questions calmly! Wish you success!
1. Please be sure to fill in the seat number in the designated position in Book 2 and fill in the items in the sealing line clearly.
2. There are 33 questions in this exam, of which 1-22 is a multiple-choice question. Please paint the selected answers on the answer sheet; Questions 23-33 are answered on volume 2, and the answers written on volume 1 are invalid and do not score.
3. Possible relative atomic masses: H- 1, C- 12, O- 16, Mg-24, Cl-35.5, Fe-56,
Copper -64
First, multiple-choice questions: each question has a correct answer. (This topic is *** 16, with each question 1 point, * * *1point.)
1. Among the following changes, physical changes include
A rice turns sour, b gunpowder explodes, c wet clothes dry, and d iron pan rusts.
2. Among the following substances, pure ones are
A vinegar b oxygen c iodized salt d cola beverage
3. "Global warming" is listed as the first international keyword in China Inventory 2007, and the related environmental problems are as follows
A acid rain b greenhouse effect c white pollution d ozone consumption
Some people often grind their teeth when they sleep because of zinc deficiency.
Element a, molecule b, atom c and ion d.
5. The figure below shows the approximate pH values of common substances, among which the most acidic ones are
A vinegar b apple juice c watermelon juice d soapy water
6. From the safety point of view, the substances that allow passengers to take the bus are
A concentrated sulfuric acid b salt c gasoline d white phosphorus
7. In the picture below, the particles that can maintain the chemical properties of water are (hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms).
8. The basic operating errors of the experiment are as follows
9. Reducing pollution, purifying the air and "returning my blue sky" have become the common aspiration of people all over the world. The following gases will cause air pollution
A carbon monoxide b carbon dioxide c oxygen d nitrogen
10. The emergence of organic polymer synthetic materials is a major breakthrough in the history of material development. Organic polymer synthetic materials exist in the following substances.
A automobile tire b stainless steel c cotton d wood
11.0 The fuel in the "Xiangyun" torch of the 2008 Olympic Games will not pollute the environment after burning, which embodies the concept of "green Olympics". The chemical equation of this reaction is cxh 8+5o 2·3co 2+4H2O, and the value of x is
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
12. The following description about the use of substances is incorrect.
A salt can be used as seasoning B hydrated lime can be used to improve alkaline soil.
C dry ice can be used for artificial rainfall D hydrochloric acid can be used for metal rust removal.
13.1911year, the famous physicist Rutherford conducted an experiment to explore the internal structure of atoms. When the gold foil is bombarded with positively charged alpha particles with much larger mass than electrons, it is found that:
(1) Most α particles can penetrate the gold foil without changing the original motion direction;
(2) A few α particles changed their original direction of motion;
(3) A tiny part of α particles bounced back.
The following understanding of atomic structure is wrong.
A nucleus is small and B nucleus is positively charged.
C atom has a large internal space, and D atom is a solid ball.
14. According to the ammonia-alkali method, the reaction principle of making soda ash with salt is:
( 1)NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2O = nah co 3+NH4Cl(2)2 nah co 3 na2co 3+CO2 ↑+ H2O
The following understanding of the above information is wrong.
Salty soda ash needs substances containing carbon and oxygen. Soda soda belongs to salt substances.
Due to the formation of gas, the reaction does not follow the law of conservation of mass. By-product ammonium chloride is a nitrogen fertilizer.
Material methyl ethyl propyl butyl.
Mass before reaction //g 5 2 20 22
Mass after reaction/grams to be measured 1 1 28 5
15. In a closed container, after the four substances A, B, C and D fully react under certain conditions, the mass of each substance before and after the reaction is determined as follows:
The following statement is wrong.
This reaction is a decomposition reaction, and A may be the catalyst for this reaction.
The mass ratio of C, B and C is 9: 8 d, and the mass of A after reaction is 0 g..
16. Before and after a chemical reaction, the reaction in which the valence of elements contained in a substance changes is a redox reaction, and its relationship with the basic types of chemical reactions is shown in the figure. The mistake of the following example is that
A shadow 1: C+O2 CO2
B Shadow 2: 2H2O2H2 =+O2 =
C Shadow 3: mg (OH) 2+2hcl = MgCl2+2h2o.
D shadow 4: Fe+cuso4 = feso4+Cu.
Second, multiple-choice questions: each question has one or two correct answers. (There are ***6 small questions in this question, each with 2 points, *** 12 points)
17. The following habits are not conducive to the healthy growth of middle school students.
A only drinks distilled water, and B has a balanced diet.
Don't eat bad food and don't smoke.
18. The following statement about the natural circulation of water is correct.
① The self-purification of water is not realized in the process of natural circulation.
② The natural circulation of water is realized through the three-state change of water.
The sun provides energy for water in nature.
④ The natural circulation of water completes the redistribution of water resources.
A①③ B①② C③④ D①②③④
19. Litmus, sulfuric acid, calcium hydroxide and sodium carbonate are four common substances, and the reaction relationship between their solutions is shown in the right picture. The intersection of two circles (A, B, C, D) in the figure represents the main experimental phenomenon of the reaction between substances, and the description is correct.
Litmus solution a turns blue, and B has no obvious phenomenon.
C produces colorless gas. D litmus is purple.
20. The following description of "purpose-operation-phenomenon-conclusion" in chemical experiment is correct.
Reagents added for experimental purposes
(or operation, diagram) experimental phenomenon experimental conclusion
A. check whether dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution react completely. After the reaction has no obvious phenomenon, add colorless phenolphthalein test solution to the solution, and the reaction is complete.
B, judging that the evaporation crystallization liquid of seawater and distilled water disappears, and the liquid is distilled water without residue.
C check whether the solution contains sulfate ion, add barium chloride solution and dilute nitric acid to produce white precipitate, and the solution must contain sulfate ion.
Measure the volume fraction of oxygen in the air.
After complete combustion, cool to room temperature and open the spring clip. The volume of water entering is about one-fifth of the total volume of the gas cylinder, and the volume of oxygen is about one-fifth of that of air.
2 1. The following figure correctly reflects the corresponding change relationship.
A. Dilute sulfuric acid is dripped into a certain amount of sodium hydroxide solution to excess.
B, dropping barium hydroxide solution into a certain amount of mixed solution of sulfuric acid and magnesium sulfate.
C, respectively adding sufficient magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide solids into dilute hydrochloric acid with the same mass and mass fraction.
D, continuously adding sodium nitrate solid into unsaturated sodium nitrate solution at a certain temperature, and fully stirring.
22. The following groups of substances can be transformed into each other according to the diagram (→ indicates that the reaction is completed in one step).
A B C D
X NaOH Ca(OH)2 Fe2O3 Cu
Nanometer yttrium calcium iron copper oxide
Z Na2SO4 CaCO3 FeCl2 Cu(OH)2
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Volume 2 (non-multiple choice questions)
Friendly reminder:
Hi: It's time to show yourself. You should think calmly! Wish you success! )
Please be sure to fill in the seat number at the designated location and fill in the items in the sealing line clearly.
Item 345th Chief Auditor
Third, understanding and application (this question ***5 small questions, 23 words points, 24 questions 4 points, 25 questions 8 points, 26 questions 3 points, 27 questions 3 points, ***2 1 point. )
23. Please fill in the blanks with chemical terms:
(1)2 carbon atoms _ _ _ _ _; (2) Nitrogen element _ _ _ _ _ _; (3) three kinds of sulfur dioxide molecules _ _ _ _.
24. It is known that the atomic structure of each element in the third period of the periodic table is as follows. Please answer:
(1) In chemical reactions, sodium atoms easily lose electrons and become _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in "Yin" or "Yang") ions;
(2) The chemical properties of elements are closely related to the number of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the atomic structure;
(3) From the aspect of atomic structure: the elements in the same period have the same number of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(4) During this period, the atomic structure of each element showed a changing law: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
25. Chemistry is everywhere in your life. Please use your chemical knowledge to explain:
(1) The air of newly renovated houses usually contains more toxic substances such as formaldehyde (CH2O) and benzene (C6H6). These two substances belong to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in "inorganic matter" or "organic matter"). Before moving inTiO2 a newly renovated house, one of the measures that can be taken to reduce pollution is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The valence state of Ti in TiO2 _ 2 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Spraying a layer of paint on the bicycle surface can prevent rust. Its principle is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(3) Quicklime can react with water and is often used as a food desiccant. The chemical equation of this reaction is:
_______________________________________________________________;
(4) When natural gas (mainly methane) is used as fuel, the chemical equation of the reaction is:
________________________________________________________________。
26. According to the reaction facts, through comparative reasoning, summarize the fire extinguishing laws and apply them. Please answer the following questions:
The "fire triangle" in Figure A can represent the combustion situation, and the missing situation in Figure A is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
The fire extinguishing principle shown in Figure B is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; When a bonfire is lit, firewood is often raised overhead to promote combustion, which is based on the method of increasing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
27. The right picture shows the solubility curves of A, B and C (all without crystal water). Please answer:
At (1)0℃, among the three substances A, B and C, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(2) When the saturated solution of three substances at t 1℃ is heated to t2℃, the first crystal is _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(3) At T2℃, add 30 grams of substance A into 50 grams of water for full dissolution, and the quality of the solution formed is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. ..
Four, experiment and inquiry (this question ***4 small questions, 28 questions 8 points, 29 questions 5 points, 30 questions 4 points, 3 1 question 4 points, ***2 1 point)
28. Please answer the questions according to the following experimental device diagram:
(1) Please fill in the instrument name: ① _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(2) When hydrogen peroxide solution and manganese dioxide are mixed to produce oxygen in the laboratory, the generator should be (fill in the device code, the same below) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) When preparing carbon dioxide gas with limestone and dilute hydrochloric acid in the laboratory, the collection device should be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
29. Human production and life are inseparable from metals. The following three metals were found and used in order: copper, iron and aluminum.
(1) The order of large-scale metal use is most related to the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in the serial number) option.
(1) the content of metal elements in the crust; (2) the conductivity of metals; ③ metal activity.
(2) In order to explore the metal activity of manganese and iron, at the same temperature, take two kinds of metal flakes with the same size and bright surface and put them into enough dilute hydrochloric acid with the same volume and solute mass fraction (Mn shows +2 valence in the reaction). Please answer:
Metal Fe-Mn
The phenomenon of reaction with hydrochloric acid releases bubbles slowly and releases bubbles quickly.
Conclusion active iron _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in ">")
In addition to comparing the rate of gas generated by the reaction with acid, please name another way to compare the activity of these two metals (just write down the required drugs): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) Put two beakers filled with dilute hydrochloric acid with equal mass and solute mass fraction on the left and right plates of the tray balance, adjust to balance, and then put magnesium and iron with equal mass into the two beakers respectively. After the reaction stops, please judge:
(1) If the balance is still in balance, there must be no residual substance in the beaker that is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(2) If the balance is out of balance, the pointer must be biased to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ side.
30. In order to remove sodium carbonate impurities from sodium chloride samples, an interest group dissolved the samples and conducted the following experiments:
(1) The solute in a solution may be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (write only one);
(2) The method name of operation ① for separating colorless solution from precipitate B is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(3) The name of the method of operation ② for obtaining solid substance C from colorless solution is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(4) Due to excessive solution A, the solid substance C obtained in this scheme is mixed with new impurities. In order to not only remove the impurity sodium carbonate, but also effectively prevent the introduction of new impurities, excessive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 1. Colorless gas may contain one or more of methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Now the gas passes through the device shown in the following figure in turn, and it is observed that: ① there is no turbidity in device A; ② Anhydrous copper sulfate turns blue in device D (anhydrous copper sulfate turns blue when it meets water); Finally, a certain amount of dry gas is collected (assuming that each step of the reaction is completed).
Please answer the following questions:
(1) It can be seen from ① that the original mixed gas definitely does not contain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(2) From ②, it can be known that the original mixed gas must contain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(3) The gas finally collected is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
(4) The experimental data recorded during the experiment are as follows:
Total mass of device d, total mass of device e and device f.
Before the reaction156.6g 356.8g.
After the reaction,158.4g359.0g.
Then the composition of the gas is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Reference answer
First, multiple-choice questions:
1C 2B 3B 4A 5A 6B 7D 8D 9A 10A 1 1C 12B 13D 14C 15D 16C
Second, multiple-choice questions:
17A 18D 19AC 20BD 2 1AD 22B
Third, understanding and application:
23.( 1)2C (2)N (3)3SO2
24.( 1) Yang (2) outermost electron number (3) electron shell proton number (3) atom
25.( 1) Organic matter opens doors and windows for ventilation +4 (2) Isolates iron in the inner layer from contact with oxygen and water.
(3)CaO+H2O = Ca(OH)2(4)CH4+2o 2 CO2+H2O
26. Combustible materials isolate combustible materials from oxygen and increase the contact area between combustible materials and oxygen.
27.( 1)c (2)c(3)75
Fourth, experiment and inquiry:
28.( 1) Air tightness of test device for alcohol lamp test tube (2) b.
(3) The density of gas D is greater than that of air, and CaCO3+2HCl = CaCl2+H2O+CO2 =
29.( 1) ③ (2)