Basic situation
Guiyang County is located in the southeast of Hunan Province, adjacent to Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, bordering 9 counties, cities and districts of Yongzhou, Hengyang and Chenzhou, and governing 39 townships and towns. With a total area of 2,973 square kilometers and a population of 761,111, it is the largest and most populous county in Chenzhou.
Guiyang was known as "a famous area in southern Chu and an ancient county in early Han Dynasty" in ancient times. It has a history of more than 2,111 years since the county was established in the late Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty. Today, the county has always been the governing place of the county, the prison, the army, the road, the government and the state, the political, economic and cultural center in southern Hunan, and the battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. "The screen of Sanxiang, the key of Guangdong and Guangxi". The dangerous location once made the Emperor of Qin send troops to Wuling Town, and the beautiful scenery made literati such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Changling and Liu Yuxi linger and sing. On Jiuding Mountain, Shun Di visited the south to leave a sacred relic, and Jianxian Village's top giant Buddha lay on his back to see the vicissitudes of life; The scenery of the Fuling River is picturesque, and there are many historic sites in Dongtaling.
Guiyang is rich in mineral resources, and is known as "the land of eight treasures" and "the hometown of nonferrous metals". As early as the Han dynasty, a gold official was set up here, and in the Tang dynasty, it was an important town for the court to cast money. "Twenty-eight copper mines were used to cast money, and the word' Gui' was used on the back." At the peak of the early Song Dynasty, "the whole country was smelted in Hunan, and Guiyang occupied three tenths". At present, there are more than 21 varieties and ore belts of non-ferrous metals in China, including lead, zinc, manganese, gold, silver, copper and tin, among which the reserves of lead, zinc, copper and tin rank among the top in the country; There are more than 11 kinds of nonmetallic minerals, such as graphite and coal, among which graphite industrial reserve is more than 31 million tons, accounting for one-third of the country's total output, and its products are exported to more than 11 countries and regions overseas.
Guiyang has superior natural conditions and great potential for agricultural development. Flue-cured tobacco, ginkgo biloba, wood, Phyllostachys pubescens, camellia oleifera, tung oil, turpentine, konjac, fruit, tea, medicinal materials, bamboo shoots and other agricultural (forest) by-products and local products enjoy high reputation in domestic and foreign markets. Among them, the yield of flue-cured tobacco ranks third in the country, and with high quality, Guiyang is also known as the "flue-cured tobacco kingdom".
Zhong Ling in Guiyang is beautiful and talented. The people here are hospitable, strong in character, brave in hardship and willing to contribute. Su Dan, a native of Guiyang in the Western Han Dynasty, remembered the sufferings of the people, leaving behind an eternal story of "Orange smells like Jing Quan". Cai Lun, a native of Guiyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, invented papermaking, which added a heavy stroke to the history of Chinese civilization. Zhao Zilong, a famous soldier of the Three Kingdoms, outwitted Guiyang and served as the county satrap, and his merits made future generations admire him. Ouyang Hai, the great * * * proletarian warrior, gave his life to save the train and built an immortal monument with his flesh and blood.
[ Edit this paragraph] Physical Geography
Guiyang County is located in the west of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, at the northern foot of Nanling Mountain, in the middle and upper reaches of the Fuling River, a tributary of Xiangjiang River. The geographical coordinates are 112 13 ′ 26 ″ east longitude to 112 55 ′ 46 ″ north latitude to 26 13 ′ 31 ″ north latitude.
the county is dominated by hilly land, which is high in the north and low in the middle, and belongs to hilly areas.
about 211 million years ago, Guiyang was a shallow sea. About 191 million years ago, during the Indosinian movement, Guiyang was lifted to the land with southern Hunan, and the county territory invaded the granite in the north and south, protruding into the mountains. The strong Yanshan and Himalayan movements complicated the geological lithology of the county and formed different strata and structural systems in different times.
The total thickness of strata in Guiyang is 8835-13181.6 meters, and there are 11 kinds of strata series, among which the Sinian series is mainly distributed in Sizhou Mountain, Tashan Mountain and Heping Mountain in the north of the county, and the thickness of strata is about 21-115 meters. Cambrian is mainly distributed in Baishui, Huashan, Sizhou Mountain, Dayuanling, Fengshu in Qiaoshi, Taoyuan in Sizhou, Huangjia in Tangshi and other places, with a rock thickness of 311-2111 meters. Silurian is mainly distributed in Yangliu, Baishui, Guangming and other places, with a rock thickness of more than 871 meters; The Middle Devonian is distributed in the west of Sizhou Shandong and in Shizi, Gu Lou, Yutian, Yantang, Liantang, Sizhou, Banqiao, Tangshi and Sili, and its upper Devonian is mainly distributed in Nanling and Maota Low Ridge of Tashan, with a thickness of about 1.41-661 meters. Carboniferous series are mainly distributed in the northwest and southeast of the county, and the rock thickness is about 111-271 meters. The Lower Permian is mainly distributed in the northern part of Wuzhai Mountain, Tongmuling, Donghua Mountain and Dayouling, with a rock formation thickness of 1.8-1.95m. The Longtan Formation of Sad System is distributed in the northwest of Jianxian Village to the western foot of Tianyang Mountain, around Boshiling Mountain and in the middle part of Wuzhai Mountain, which is the main coal-bearing stratum in Guizhou, with a rock formation thickness of 1.61-1.97m. Its Dangchong Formation is distributed in the northern part of Tianmen Mountain, north of tan shan and Donghua Mountain. Tertiary is mainly distributed in Yinhe Township, Shuipan Village of Zhangshi City and Tuanjiexiazhu Middle Land, with a rock thickness of 21-71 meters. The Quaternary is alluvial eluvial deposits, mainly distributed in Zhanglong Cave and Xianjiang Cave, with a thickness of 1.5-38 meters.
since Proterozoic sinian system, the geological structure of Guiyang has undergone many tectonic movements, such as Wuling, Xuefeng, Caledonian, Variscan, Indosinian, Yanshan and Himalayan, and mainly formed radial structure and neocathaysian structure. The radial structure is located in the middle of the north-south structural belt from Leiyang to Linwu in Guiyang. According to the structural form, it has obviously controlled syncline and anticline structures. The Neocathaysian structure is composed of compressive faults and folds about 21 degrees northeast, especially in Huangshaping mining area. The border between the northeast of the county and Yongzhou and Chenxian is part of the Yongchun fold belt, and the structure of the historic site with unknown destination is in Qiaoshi and Qinglan Township.
there are more than 11 kinds of rocks in Guiyang county, including igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks.
1. Igneous rocks, also known as magmatic rocks, * * * have an area of 274.35 square kilometers, accounting for 9.23% of the total area of the county. Granite intrusions are the main ones, and there are three large areas of rock mass: Longduling amphibole mica granite, Dayishan biotite granite and Tashan biotite granite.
2. Sedimentary rocks include limestone, sandstone, purple sand shale and deposits, covering an area of 2,413.37 square kilometers, accounting for 81.84% of the total area of the county, in which limestone includes argillaceous limestone, dolomite, dolomite, calcareous shale, etc., covering an area of 1,559.88 square kilometers; Sandstone includes Shi Ying sandstone, crushed rock, iron-green argillaceous sandstone, carbonaceous shale and sandy shale, covering an area of 221.66 square kilometers; Beautiful sand shale, with an area of 111.8 floating kilometers; The deposit, also known as Quaternary deposit, covers an area of 522.13 square kilometers. Sedimentary rocks are the most widely distributed minerals in Guiyang.
3. Metamorphic rocks include slate, quartzite and metamorphic sandstone, covering an area of 221.72 square kilometers, accounting for 7.43% of the county's total area.
Guiyang is located in the northern edge of the middle section of Nanling Mountain, with the northern foot of Zhenta Mountain, Dayi Mountain and Qitianling Mountain in the north, with vast hills and hills in the middle, forming a saddle shape with high north-south and low middle.
the mountainous area in Guiyang county is 1131.59 square kilometers, which is divided into two large areas: the middle and low mountainous areas in the south and the middle and low mountainous areas in the north.
There are Jianxian Village and Longduling in the middle and low mountainous areas in the south, with altitudes of 1277m and 1116m respectively. In addition, there are 22 hills with a height of more than 811 meters, forming a mountainous area dominated by north and south, with steep slopes and hilltops like hilltops, accounting for 21.48% of the county's mountainous area. Patches are distributed in villages and towns such as Heye, Qinghe, Zhenghe, Taihe, Fangyuan and Yantang.
The middle and low mountainous areas in the north are composed of Tashan Mountain, Dayi Mountain and Sizhou Mountain. There are more than 151 hills, of which more than 51 are above 1,111 meters above sea level, Sizhou Mountain is the highest, with an altitude of 1,428.3 meters. The mountains are connected with each other, forming a nearly 41-kilometer-long mountain with criss-crossing mountains, which are distributed in pieces with Baishui, Huaquan, Yangliu, Huashan, Guangming, Liantang, Zhangmu, Haotang, Renyi and suburban areas.
The top of the hills in Guiyang is round, and the hills in Weiliantang and other places have peaks at most, with a total area of 781.95 square kilometers. Its shape is divided into low hills and high hills. The low cupid is 61-151m high and the slope is 15-21 degrees, accounting for 61.5% of the total hilly area. It is mainly distributed in Yantang, Heye, Taihe, Fangyuan, Renyi, Suburb, Sizhou, Sili, Haotang, Yutian, Yangshi, Liantang, Tuanjiewei and Huangshaping. The high cupid is 151-211 meters high and the slope is 21-25.
Guiyang is rich in water resources, with an annual precipitation of 4.18 billion cubic meters and a total runoff of 2.134 billion cubic meters. There are two water plants in the urban area, which can meet the water demand for industrial and agricultural production. The daily designed comprehensive water supply capacity is 45,111 tons.
in p>2115, the county invested 2.698 million yuan to build centralized water supply projects and decentralized projects in 17 administrative villages in 13 towns and villages where drinking water was difficult, which effectively improved the drinking water situation of the masses, improved their health level and quality of life, and injected new vitality into rural economic development.
Guiyang county has a subtropical humid monsoon climate with pleasant climate and distinct four seasons. The annual average temperature is 17.2℃, the annual average sunshine hours are 1715.4 hours, and the annual average rainfall is 1385.2 mm. Guiyang is located from 112 13 ′ 26 ″ east longitude to 112 55 ′ 46 ″ north latitude from 25 27 ′ 15 ″ to 26 13 ′ 31 ″. Guiyang County is located on the north side of Nanling Mountains. Its landform is high in the north and south and low in the middle, showing a saddle shape. Because of the great difference in height, the climate is different.
sunshine: from 1989 to 2111, the annual average sunshine hours in Guiyang county were 1,566 hours, accounting for 36% of the sunshine hours in the latitude of the county. During the period, the year with the most sunshine hours was 1996, which was 1762 hours; The least year is 1991, which is 1274 hours, accounting for 41% and 29% of the available hours respectively. In a year, the month with the most sunshine radiation is July, with 245 hours, with an average of 8 hours a day; The least month is February, which is 61 hours, with an average of only 2 hours per day, accounting for 59% and 18% of the radiation hours respectively. The above sunshine hours show that Guiyang County has a typical subtropical seasonal climate, with no severe cold in winter and short summer heat. However, due to the influence of topography, the sunshine hours in Heye Town, Qinghe Township in the south of the county and Guangming, Baishui, Huaquan, Huashan, Yangliu and Qiaoshi in the north of the county are 21-31% less than those in Qiugang Mountain. Insufficient sunshine has a certain impact on agricultural output and certain restrictions on agricultural varieties.
temperature: the territory can be divided into two different types of climate zones, namely, cold in spring, cool in summer, swing and cold in winter in the northern and southern mountainous areas, and cold in spring, hot in summer, dry in autumn and cold in winter in the vast hilly areas in the middle; The annual average temperature is 14-16℃ in the northern mountainous area, 17-18℃ in the central hilly area and 16-17℃ in the southern mountainous area. In the 1991s, the temperature became warmer. From 1991 to 2111, the average annual temperature was 17.5℃, which was 1.4℃ higher than that in the previous year. The average annual maximum temperature was 18.6℃ in 1998, and the average annual temperature in some towns exceeded 21℃. The annual extreme high temperature is 31-35℃ in the northern and southern mountainous areas, and 35/U41℃ in the hilly mountainous areas in the middle. The annual extreme low temperature ranges from -8 to 12℃ in mountainous areas and from -3 to-8℃ in hilly areas, in which the annual average temperatures in 1998 and 1999 both exceeded 18.1℃, and the daily maximum temperature in mid-July 1998 was ≥ 35.1℃ for 38 consecutive days, and the daily average temperature was ≥ 31.1℃. It's warmer in winter, with little rain and snow.
Guiyang has complex geological structure and rich mineral resources, which was called "the land of eight treasures" in ancient times. The mineral resources are rich and large in southern Hunan in terms of variety, quantity, grade and quality. Some mineral deposits are famous in Sanxiang and even at home and abroad.
Huangshaping Mining Area and Baoshan Mining Area are rich in minerals and have a long mining time. They have been famous all over the country since the Tang and Song Dynasties. With the deepening of reform and opening up in the 1991s, many foreign mining experts came to inspect them and were deeply favored. According to geological exploration data, there are more than 61 kinds of minerals that have been identified in Guiyang County. Among them, non-ferrous metals include lead, zinc, copper, tin, molybdenum, bismuth, antimony, tungsten, magnesium, etc. Ferrous metals include iron and manganese; Precious metals include gold and silver; Energy minerals include coal; Metallurgical auxiliary raw materials include refractory clay, dolomite, silica, limestone, fluorite, etc. Non-metallic minerals include arsenic and sulfur; Building materials include limestone for cement, porcelain clay, brick clay, marble, etc. Coal reserves are 23.75 million tons, graphite reserves are 17.99 million tons, lead metal is 311,811 tons, zinc metal is 484,911 tons, manganese is 431,111 tons, iron is 31.827 million tons, copper is 68,111 tons and tin is 9,285 tons.
The soil and climate in Guiyang are suitable for growing tobacco, and Chenzhou, with Guiyang as the main tobacco-producing county, is one of the six most suitable tobacco-growing areas in China. Tobacco cultivation in China began in Wanli, Ming Dynasty, expanded in Guangxu, Qing Dynasty, came into being in the middle of the same period, and flourished after the founding of New China.
in the 21st year of Ming dynasty (1594), soon after tobacco spread from the Philippines to Fujian and Guangdong in China, sun-cured tobacco was planted under Zhangshu and along the Yangtze River, but the yield was very small. Until Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty (1796-1821), it was still "obsessed with the first place, and the land was not productive, but it was bought in other cities in Hunan." During Guangxu period (1785-1821), it gradually expanded to the whole territory, and a small amount of tobacco leaves and cut tobacco were exported. In the early days of the Republic of China, domestic warlords scuffled, goods were not circulated smoothly, and planting was reduced; After the victory of the Northern Expedition, it gradually developed. In 2117 (1928), the output reached 15,111 tons, and the export was also increasing. In the 31 years of the Republic of China, the output increased to 24,611 tons, accounting for about one tenth of the province's total output, and it is famous for its high quality in Guangdong, Han, Hong Kong and Macao. In the later period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the production of sun-cured tobacco gradually declined, with an output of only 7,511 tons in 38 years of the Republic of China.
after the founding of new China, the county party Committee and county people's government implemented the agricultural production policy of "grain as the key link, diversified management and all-round development", strengthened the leadership of tobacco production, and gradually established a comprehensive service network of technology, materials and circulation, so tobacco production recovered and developed rapidly. In 1954, the output of sun-cured tobacco recovered to 563 tons in summer, ranking second in the province, and increased to 911 tons in the following year. At the same time, the trial planting of flue-cured tobacco began in 1951, and it was successful again in 1961, and then it was quickly popularized and replaced sun-cured tobacco. In 1974, Guiyang became one of the ten base counties of flue-cured tobacco production in China.
Guiyang is known as "a famous area in southern Chu and an ancient county in early Han Dynasty", and the territory is divided into five scenic spots from south to north. There is the Chaoquan Scenic Area in Heye Town in the south, the Dongta Scenic Area and Chunlingjiang Scenic Area in the county, Liantang Scenic Area in the north and tan shan Scenic Area in the northwest. They are mysterious, ancient, beautiful, elegant and majestic.
[ Edit this paragraph] Historical evolution
Guiyang County is named after the county is located in the south of Guilin, but today Guiyang County has undergone geographical transfer.
in the Han dynasty, Guiyang belonged to chenxian county, Guiyang county.
In the first year of Jianwu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317), Pingyang County, Pingyang County and County were located in the west of Tao Kan, and the establishment of Guiyang County began here.
Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (589), Pingyang County and Pingyang County were both abolished and merged into Chenxian County.
In 617, in the 13th year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty, Xiao Xian was restored to Pingyang County, which belonged to Guiyang County.
In the seventh year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (624), Pingyang County was merged into Chenxian County, and was relocated to Guiyang County in the following year. In the second year of Tang Zhide (757), Guiyang County was renamed Chenzhou, and the state moved to Pingyang County.
in the twentieth year of Tang Zhenyuan (814), Guiyang was placed in Pingyang City, but he was not in charge of the county, and was in charge of mining, metallurgy and copper casting. At that time, there were more than 281 copper pits in China.
in the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (821), the state administration returned to Chen.
In the first year of God Blessing (914), Pingyang County was removed and merged into Guiyang Prison.