1. Seven Laws of the Long March

The Red Army is not afraid of the expedition, and Qian Shan is only idle. The five ridges make waves, and Wumeng takes mud pills. Jinsha water beats the clouds and cliffs warm, and Dadu Bridge is cold on the cross rail. Glad to see the Min Range snow-clad for miles and miles,Our warriors who have crossed it break into broad smiles.

Note

Long March: In October 1934, the Central Red Army set out from Jiangxi and Fujian and arrived in northern Shaanxi in October 1935, with a journey of more than 25,111 li.

Wuling: Dayu Ridge, Qitian Ridge, Dupangling Ridge, Mengzhu Ridge, Yuecheng Ridge, or Nanling Ridge, which straddles Jiangxi, Hunan and Guangdong.

winding: the appearance of endless twists and turns.

wumeng: a mountain range on the south bank of Jinsha river between Yunnan and Guizhou.

Walking on the Mud Pill: Kuai Tong Zhuan in Hanshu, Walking on the Sakamoto Pill, rolling down the slope, describing the fast beating.

Iron cable: Luding Bridge on Dadu River, which is a bridge composed of thirteen iron cables.

Minshan: It's on the border of Sichuan and Gansu, with an altitude of about four kilometers. In September 1935, the Long March of the Red Army passed through here.

Appreciating the Long March is an unprecedented great feat in human history, and The Seven Laws and the Long March is an immortal masterpiece in the history of poetry creation.

56 words, loaded with thousands of difficulties and obstacles on the Long March, are full of China's lofty aspirations. It is a magnificent epic of China Revolution and a brilliant pearl in China's poetry treasure house. It is a milestone in the history of revolution and poetry.

"The Red Army is not afraid of difficult expeditions, and Qian Shan is only idle." The first couplet comes straight to the point and praises the revolutionary spirit of the Red Army, which is not afraid of difficulties, brave and tenacious. This is the central idea of the whole article and the artistic tone of the whole poem. It is the beginning of the spirit of the whole poem and the knot of the artistic conception of the whole poem. The word "not afraid" is the poetic eye of the whole poem, and "just waiting for leisure" strengthens and reaffirms "not afraid"; "Difficulty in Expedition" covers this extraordinary historical process, while "Wan Shui Qian Shan" outlines the internal and external implications of "Difficulty". This couplet is like a falling stone, rolling down, affecting the whole article and also hanging over the whole poem. "Just waiting for leisure" is as easy as lifting weights, which shows the commander-in-chief demeanor of the poet who regards Jin as a ladder and plays with the enemies of society. "Only" strengthens the firm tone and has a strong sense of color. It highlights and emphasizes the revolutionary spirit of the Red Army's contempt for difficulties, and shows the iron army style of the Red Army, which is leisurely, comfortable and invincible among the swords. The couplet is the general leader of the whole poem, and the following triple is closely related to the first couplet.

Since the first couplet, the whole poem has developed two lines of thinking and constructed two time and space. One is objective and realistic: "Expedition is difficult" and there are many dangers of "Qian Shan"; One is subjective and psychological: "not afraid" and "just idle". This constitutes a strong contrast, casting the vast physical space and magnificent psychological space of the whole poem, and laying the bold and broad tone of the whole poem.

The four sentences "Zhuan Lian" and "Jing Lian" describe the Red Army's victory over difficulties from two aspects, namely, mountains and water, which are inherited from "Qian Shan" and "Wan Shui" above. According to the route of the Red Army's Long March, the poet selected four geographical names with typical significance, all of which are famous natural hazards, and highly summarized the "Qian Shan with thousands of waters" in the Red Army's Long March. There are many geographical names in * * poems, and most of them are used to indicate the route of marching. For example, the "Qingpingle-Jianggui War", "Red Flag Leaps over Tingjiang River and Down Longyan to Shanghang", "Butterfly Love Flowers. From Tingzhou to Changsha" and "Millions of workers and peasants made concerted efforts to sweep across Jiangxi to attack Hunan and Hubei" and so on. These are true records of the military activities of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants. So, we can see how * * poetry is closely linked with the China revolution. Compared with other poems, the practice of entering poems with place names is more concentrated in this article, and the spatial distance shown is also greater. What is particularly different is that the four words listed above should emphasize that the Red Army is marching at a rapid speed and unstoppable momentum, and the Red Army has a strong sense of movement in the picture; In this word, the poet focuses on the central idea that "the Red Army is not afraid of difficulties in expeditions", emphasizing the Red Army's contempt for difficulties, which is the presentation of the inner world of the Red Army commanders and soldiers. Therefore, the description of the Red Army is hidden, and the feats of the Red Army are contrasted by mountains and rivers. The two verbs "Teng" and "Zou" make the mountains turn from static to dynamic, which is the explicit expression of the spirit of the Red Army. Generally speaking, it is difficult to enter poetry with place names, and it is easy to fail if there are too many place names. However, * * has been successfully used, which is not only because he has a poetic talent that defeats everything in the pen, but also has a poetic sentiment that is majestic in the heart, and also reflects * *' s ability to temper the language and characters of the motherland.

"Five Ridges make waves, while Wumeng takes mud balls." One couplet is about mountains, and it is also about the Red Army's conquest of mountains. Wuling and Wumeng are objective beings, but when they enter the poet's field of vision, they become aesthetic objects. So it is no longer a simple mountain, but an emotional object. The words "winding" and "majestic" say that the mountains are tall and continuous, which is the mountain in the hearts of the Red Army and poets. The maximum and minimum are exactly the poet's perception of mountains. Here, the emphasis is on the small, not the big. The bigger it is, the more difficult it is for the Red Army to March. The more you are, the more you are not afraid of the Red Army. The emphasis on smallness also highlights the Red Army's contempt for difficulties. Through the opposition between the two groups, the poet fully demonstrated the indomitable and heroic spirit of the Red Army. Technically, this is exaggeration and contrast. It is very clever to describe the mountains as open lines and the Red Army as dark lines, combining dynamic and static, combining light and shade, and contrasting with each other.

"Jinsha water beats the clouds and cliffs warm, while Dadu Bridge is cold on the rail." One couplet is about water, and it is also about the Red Army's conquest of water. The Red Army crossing Jinsha River and Dadu River is of great significance in the history of the Long March. The Jinsha River is wide and swift, and Chiang Kai-shek dreams of using this natural danger to panic in the Red Army's border areas of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. In May 1935, the Red Army skillfully crossed the Jinsha River. If crossing the Jinsha River skillfully is the most intelligent and successful battle of the Red Army's strategy and tactics, then crossing the Dadu River forcefully is the bravest and most tenacious battle of the Red Army. The Dadu River is as sinister as the Jinsha River, and it is heavily guarded by the enemy. The cunning enemy also tore down the boards of the Luding Bridge on the river, leaving only thirteen iron cables. However, the heroic Red Army braved the enemy's bullets and broke through the Dadu River, crushing Chiang Kai-shek's plot to make the Red Army a second Shi Dakai. So the battles written in these two sentences are of typical significance. The two sentences of "Wuling" and "Wumeng" directly show the heroic spirit of the Red Army through its subjective feelings, while these two sentences record the story by writing scenery and show the heroic deeds of the Red Army by recording it.

The antonyms of "warmth" and "cold" in the cervical couplets are two emotional acupoints carefully designed by the poet. The word "warm" is warm and joyful, showing the joy of overcoming difficulties; The word "cold" is cold and harsh, conveying the aftertaste after a narrow escape. The two adjectives are the great changes of spirit and the fission of feelings. They are full of endless meanings, showing endless interest beyond them, swaying and ups and downs, and Zhang Chi has a sense.

Football Association "prefers the snow in Minshan Mountain, and it will make a full face after the three armies." It is a response to the first couplet. Saying "not afraid" at the beginning and "more happy" at the end strengthened the theme and sublimated the theme of the poem. "More happiness" inherits from the above, and it is also the emotional restraint of the above. It is naturally gratifying that the Red Army fought its way out of the enemy's tight encirclement by crossing the Wuling Mountains, crossing the Wumeng Mountains, crossing the Jinsha River and grabbing the big crossing. Now, the Red Army has crossed Minshan Mountain and entered northern Shaanxi. It is not far away to win the general assembly, and the purpose of the strategic shift has been basically realized. Compared with the previous joys, it is naturally better than one worry. Write "all smiles" about the laughter of the three armies, which is the laughter of the coming final victory, and make the optimism of the whole poem further manifest.

2. Qingpingle Huichang

**

In the summer of 1934,

the East wanted to know,

Mo Daojun left early.

people who have traveled all over the castle peak are not old,

The scenery here is unique.

the peak outside Huichang,

it connects directly to the east.

The soldier pointed to South Guangdong,

more lush.

This word was first published in the January 1957 issue of Poetry Journal.

Note

[Huichang] County name is located in the southeast of Jiangxi Province, bordering Fujian Province in the east and Guangdong Province via Xunwu County in the south. As early as 1929, * * led the Red Army to Huichang in order to open up the Gannan base area, and then often passed by and lived here. This word was written by the author in Huichang, the seat of the Guangdong-Jiangxi Provincial Committee, in the summer of 1934.

[Mo Daojun walks early] As the old saying goes, "Mo Daojun walks early, and there are more early pedestrians."

The author notes: "In 1934, the situation was critical and I was depressed when I was preparing for the Long March. This song "Qing Ping Le", like the previous one "Bodhisattva Man", shows the same state of mind. " "Man" in this sentence and "Jun" in the previous sentence refer to the author himself.

[here] refers to the southern line of the central revolutionary base area.

[Peak outside Huichang] refers to Huichang Mountain in the northwest of Huichang City, also known as Lanshanling. In the 1961s, the author recalled: There are high mountains in Huichang, and I will climb them before dawn.

[Dianlian] fluctuates constantly.

〈 Dongao (míng Ming) 〉 refers to the East China Sea.

[Nanyue] The ancient place name, also called Nanyue, is in the area of Guangdong and Guangxi today. This refers to Guangdong.

introduction to the background of

1. Huichang and Huichangshan

Huichang County is located in the southeast of Jiangxi Province, in the east of Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, with Fujian in the east and Guangdong in the south. It is located at the junction of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong provinces, and has been called "the thoroughfare of the three provinces" since ancient times. Most of the county is mountainous and hilly. Huichang County is surrounded by water on three sides, and Mianshui River passes around the city.

In February 1929, * * and others led the Red Fourth Army into Huichang. In April 1931, * * led the Red Army into Huichang again and soon entered Huichang County. Since then, Huichang County has become a part of the central base area. With the continuous victory of the Red Army, the red base area in Huichang has also expanded day by day, and finally it has spread all over the county, and Huichang has become the "all-red county" of the central base area. In the future, * * often passes through and lives in Huichang.

not far to the south of Huichang is the south gate of Yunmenling, the central base area in Guangdong. In order to better expand the base area to the southwest, fight on the southern front, develop tungsten mines and develop import and export trade, in August 1933, the central base area decided to set up Guangdong-Jiangxi province in the border area between Jiangxi (referred to as "Jiangxi") and Guangdong (referred to as "Guangdong") in the south of the base area, and the province was located in Huichang.

The people of Huichang County made great contributions and sacrifices to the red base areas in the Second Revolutionary Civil War. Most young men in the county joined the Red Army.

Huichang Mountain, also known as Lanshanling, lies in the northwest of Huichang City and is a part of Wuyi Mountain. Standing on it, overlooking the past, the mountain peaks rise and fall to the southeast. Although Huichang Mountain is only more than 411 meters above sea level, Huichang City seems to snuggle under Huichang Mountain as it is separated from Huichang County by only one water. In contrast, Huichang Mountain looks tall and straight.

Second, writing background

In October of p>1933, Chiang Kai-shek personally commanded about 1 million troops to start the fifth "encirclement and suppression". At that time, the ultra-left line controlled the leadership of the central government, and they took "keeping the enemy out of the country" as their purpose, denying the "guerrilla warfare" and "mobile warfare" used in previous counter-campaigns against "encirclement and suppression". Let tens of thousands of poorly equipped Red Army engage in regular and positional warfare with superior enemies, and fight against the enemy. As a result, the number of the Red Army dropped sharply, and the base area was shrinking. At this time, * * has been removed from the leadership position of the Red Army and excluded from the decision-making power within the party.

When Guangchang, the north gate of the central base area, and Yunmenling, the south gate, successively fell, * * rushed to Huichang from Ruijin to mobilize the masses and inspire the troops. With the support of the local people, * * commanded the local Red Army to win several battles as the president of the Chinese Soviet Union, and finally reversed the passive situation of the southern line. In the future, only the southern front of the central base area is relatively stable, and the other three sides are losing ground one after another, damaging people's land.

In this case, anxious * * repeatedly proposed to the leaders of the ultra-left line to change the style of play, only to be punished by staying in the party for observation. Seeing that the base area that he founded and the blood of countless martyrs got smaller and smaller, and he was too powerful to make it, it was conceivable that he was in a state of mind.

in July, 1934, the enemy troops began to attack the central area of the base area. The situation was very grim, and the fifth defeat against "encirclement and suppression" was decided. * * After the founding of the People's Republic of China, I recalled this time: "In 1934, the situation was critical and I was depressed when I was preparing for the Long March." At this time, * * is attending the enlarged meeting of the Guangdong-Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee at Wenwuba outside the east gate of Huichang County.

at dawn one day during the meeting, * * and several cadres of Guangdong and Jiangxi provincial committees set out from Wenwuba, crossed Mianshui and climbed Huichang Mountain.

Huichang Mountain in summer is full of lush cages and full of vitality. Looking from afar, the magnificent mountains and rivers make people daydream. At the peak outside Huichang, I saw the Red Army soldiers guarding the hills. After talking with the soldiers, I witnessed the morning scenery of the mountains in front of me. When I thought of the current critical situation, I suddenly felt deeply, so I recited the first draft of Qingping Music Huichang and returned to Wenwuba's residence to write Qingping Music Huichang.

Appreciation of Qingping Lechuichang

The word "Qingping Lechuichang" shows the author's confidence and hope for the future of China's revolution, but it also reveals a melancholy feeling.

due to the wrong leadership of the ultra-left line, the situation of the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" in the central base area at that time was very grim. However, the firm belief and optimistic * * are full of the author's heart, so the word is written casually, and the time and space involved seem to be only a moment of climbing the mountain and the limited scenery in the eyes. However, the author controls the scenery with his heart and writes his heart with the scenery, but he has written far-reaching and broad connotations in a short word.

I wrote about the time and feelings of climbing.

"If the East wants to know, Mo Daojun will leave early." "Desire" renders the characteristics of dawn-the night is exhausted, and the sky will be bright but not bright. "Jun" here refers to the author, because the Red Army soldiers have already been guarding the mountain. Compared with them, the author who got up early is not too early.

The phrase "stepping on the castle peak before getting old" refers to both the author and the Red Army. It is the author who remembers the numerous peaks and difficulties and obstacles he traveled in the past years when he fought in the north and south. His fighting spirit is still firm and his spirit is still strong. The author believes that victory will come with this youthful heart fused with the revolutionary cause.

"The scenery is unique here" ostensibly praises the beautiful scenery of Huichang Mountain, but actually praises the red base area, in contrast to the * * area.

Throughout Shangcheng, vibrant scenery and people's youthful spirit complement each other, forming a long and vibrant artistic conception. Through the hazy dawn, readers seem to have seen the brilliant sunrise that is about to burst out and the infinite hope of China revolution.

Xia Kun described the scenery of Huichang Mountain and his contact with soldiers, expressing the author's firm belief that the revolution is bound to succeed although it is tortuous and difficult.

at the beginning, "the peak outside Huichang city connects directly to the east." It shows that the author's line of sight looks far from the nearby county, presenting the endless winding peaks and the distant East China Sea beyond his eyes to the readers, which makes the picture infinitely expanded. It not only confirms Shang Kan's "unique scenery here", but also implies that the China Revolution "has a tortuous road and a bright future".

The Red Army soldiers guarding Huichang Mountain introduced everything here to the author, and took the initiative to show the author "South Guangdong", showing that the Red Army soldiers were wary of guarding the red base area, which included the depth of the author and the Red Army soldiers to the base area.