UAV first appeared in the 1920s, and the First World War was in full swing 19 14. Two British generals, Kader and Petrel, put forward a proposal to the British Military Aviation Society: to develop a small plane controlled by radio without being piloted, so that it can fly over a certain target area of the enemy and drop bombs previously installed on the small plane.
This bold idea was immediately appreciated by Sir Dai Henderson, then chairman of the British Military Aviation Society. He appointed a team led by Professor A.M. Lo to conduct research and development. Drones were used as training drones at that time.
It is a term used by many countries to describe the latest generation of drones. Literally, this term can describe cruise missiles developed from kites and radio-controlled aircraft to V-/KLOC-0 missiles, but in military terms, it is limited to reusable aircraft heavier than air.
R&D process
In the 1940s, unmanned aerial vehicles were used to train anti-aircraft gunners in World War II.
1945, after the second world war, redundant or retired aircraft were converted into special research or target aircraft, which became a precedent for the use trend of modern drones. With the development of electronic technology, the role of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in investigation tasks has begun to show its flexibility and importance.
During the Vietnam War, the Gulf War and NATO air strikes against Yugoslavia from 1955 to 1974, drones were frequently used to perform military tasks.
In 1982, Israel Aviation Industry Corporation (IAI) launched a military mission with drones as other roles. During the peace operation in Galilee (Lebanon War), the "Scout" UAV system played an important role in the service of the Israeli Army and the Israeli Air Force. ? The IDF mainly uses drones for reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, tracking and communication.
In the desert storm campaign of 199 1, the U.S. military once launched a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) specially designed to deceive the radar system as bait, and this bait has also become the object of emulation by other countries.
1in March 1996, NASA developed two testing machines: the X-36 experimental tailless unmanned combat aircraft. This type is 5.7 meters long and weighs 88 kilograms, which is equivalent to 28% of the volume of ordinary fighters. This type of aileron and steering thrust system is more flexible than conventional fighters.
The horizontal and vertical tails not only reduce the weight and tension, but also reduce the radar reflection cross section. The ideal task that unmanned combat aircraft will perform is to suppress enemy air defense, intercept, combat loss assessment, theater missile defense and ultra-high altitude attack, which is especially suitable for performing tasks in politically sensitive areas.
Before the end of the 20th century, they were just smaller than full-size remote-controlled aircraft. The U.S. military is increasingly interested in such aircraft because they provide low-cost and highly flexible combat machines that can be used without the risk of pilot death.
In the 1990s, after the Gulf War, UAVs began to develop rapidly and were widely used. The U.S. military purchased and manufactured the Pioneer UAV as a reliable system in the Second and Third Gulf Wars.
After 1990s, western countries fully realized the role of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the war and competed to apply high technology to the research and development of UAVs.
The new airfoil and lightweight materials greatly increase the endurance of the drone; Adopt advanced signal processing and communication technology to improve the image transmission speed and digital transmission speed of UAV. Advanced autopilot makes the UAV no longer need land-based TV screen navigation, but fly to the hovering point according to the program, change the altitude and fly to the next target.
business application
The global market of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has greatly increased in recent years, and now it has become an important tool for commercial, government and consumer applications. It can support solutions in many fields and is widely used in construction, oil, natural gas, energy, agriculture and other fields. The following are examples of common commercial applications of drones.
1, logistics and transportation. Compared with traditional logistics, UAV logistics has obvious advantages. Different from the traditional common transportation modes such as roads and railways, UAV air transportation can effectively avoid traffic jams and dangerous terrain, and the transportation is faster, more efficient and safer. Especially in mountainous areas, UAV logistics transportation can save time and cost more than traditional logistics. In addition, UAV logistics transportation can reduce the dependence on human resources.
2. Protection of agricultural plants.
Compared with traditional agricultural plant protection (generally manned aircraft plant protection), UAV agricultural plant protection requires less liquid medicine per unit area, does not need a special take-off and landing airport, has good maneuverability, higher plant protection efficiency, lower plant protection cost (saving about 50% pesticide consumption and about 90% water consumption), safer and more accurate plant protection process and better plant protection effect. UAV agricultural plant protection includes specific applications such as spraying pesticide seeds, patrol monitoring and pest monitoring.
3. Safety and rescue. UAV rescue includes specific applications such as border monitoring, fire monitoring, environmental protection, criminal investigation and counter-terrorism, and public security patrol. It can effectively avoid ground obstacles in the emergency rescue mission, reach the designated place quickly and accurately, and use high-tech products such as thermal imager to send real-time information back to the command center, providing a basis for commanders to make decisions.
UAV rescue includes specific applications such as border monitoring, fire monitoring, environmental protection, criminal investigation and counter-terrorism, and public security patrol. It can effectively avoid ground obstacles in the emergency rescue mission, reach the designated place quickly and accurately, and use high-tech products such as thermal imager to send real-time information back to the command center, providing a basis for commanders to make decisions.
UAV security includes building exterior wall inspection, power inspection, base station inspection, oil pipeline inspection, river inspection and other specific applications. In daily inspection, compared with traditional manual inspection, UAV has the characteristics of low cost, strong flexibility, high safety, little influence from natural environment and terrain, and better viewing angle.
4. Geographical mapping.
Surveying and mapping is a key link in the specific application of UAV in emergency rescue, scientific research, education, smart agriculture, smart city, survey and scene inspection. Compared with traditional manual mapping, it usually takes several days or even weeks to make a map. UAV can even capture lens data in milliseconds to generate real-time real-time map, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate data, flexible operation and available side information, and can meet the needs of people in different surveying and mapping industries.
5. Webcast.
The addition of drones has brought new shooting perspectives (God perspective, panoramic perspective, etc.). ) to the live webcast born on the basis of high-speed network. With the maturity of 5G network technology, 5G UAV VR live broadcast will be widely used in extreme experience live broadcast of large-scale activities such as sports events and performing arts, as well as shooting of commercial activities such as advertisements, news and movies [15].
Refer to the above? Baidu encyclopedia-UAV