Coal mine is the general name of the areas where human beings exploit coal resources in rich coal mine areas, including roadways, adits and mining faces. Coal mines are generally divided into two types: open-pit coal mines that directly strip topsoil and underground tunnels that dig coal. China's coal mining must be carried out in accordance with the law, complete licenses, and implement the policy of safe production.
2. Where are the coal mines in China?
Coal is an important energy source in China, so there are many coal mines in China. China's coal mines are mainly distributed in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and other provinces, and the specific production areas are distributed in the following areas:
Datong, Yangquan, Taiyuan, Lvliang, Changzhi, Jincheng, Xinzhou, Shuozhou and Linfen in Shanxi; Shuangyashan, Jixi, Hegang, Qitaihe and Mishan in Heilongjiang; Jining, Zaozhuang, Tai 'an, Longkou and Heze in Shandong; Ordos, Wuhai, Hulunbeier, Xilingol and Alashan League in Inner Mongolia; Yulin, Tongchuan and Shenmu in Shaanxi; Fuxin, Fushun and Diaobingshan in Liaoning; Ningdong, Ningxia; Xuzhou, Jiangsu; Panzhihua, Sichuan; Liupanshui, Guizhou; Huaibei, Huainan, Mengcheng and Yang Guo in Anhui; Pingdingshan, Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Xuchang, Sanmenxia and Yongcheng in Henan; Kailuan, Fengfeng, Jingxing, Handan and Zhangjiakou in Hebei; Zhundong, Tuha, Cooper and Yili in Xinjiang; Yaojie, Jingyuan and Huating in Gansu; Qujing, Zhaotong, Wenshan, Baoshan, Kaiyuan and Lijiang in Yunnan.
Three, what are the three laws of coal mine?
The three major coal mine regulations are collectively referred to as "Coal Mine Safety Regulations", "Operating Regulations" and "Technical Operating Regulations for Coal Miners":
1, "Coal Mine Safety Regulations"
This regulation was compiled and promulgated by state administration of work safety (State Administration of Coal Mine Safety), and came into effect on June 5438+1 October1day, 2005 after many revisions, which stipulated the safety rules and regulations in mining, ventilation and fire prevention.
2, "operating procedures"
It is a legally binding document formulated according to the site conditions and expected objectives before the coal mine project starts, including the cause, process, relevant systems, implementation steps and safety technical measures of the project construction.
3, "coal mine workers technical operation procedures"
This procedure includes operation steps and procedures, safety technical knowledge and precautions, correct use of personal safety protection articles, maintenance of production equipment and safety facilities, emergency measures to prevent accidents, safety inspection system and requirements.
4. What are the dangers of coal mining?
Coal mining, especially underground coal mining, is very dangerous. The five major disasters in coal mines are roof, coal dust, gas explosion, flood and fire respectively:
1, roof accident
The most common accidents in coal mines, with the highest frequency and mortality, mean that the roof strata above the coal seam lose their support, deform and break under the pressure of the overlying strata, and break and fall.
2, coal dust accident
Coal dust is small in volume, but its surface proportion is large. If there is enough oxygen in the air, it is easy to burn, and the coal seam contains a lot of methane, so coal dust combustion often causes gas explosion.
3. Gas explosion
A large amount of gas discharged at one time will lead to gas explosion, and the gas is usually accompanied by toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, which will cause harm to human body.
4. Fire
Coal mine fire is more serious than ordinary fire, because there is a lot of coal as combustible in the mine. If the fire causes an explosion, the accident is more serious. Even if there is no explosion, if the tunnel is blocked by fire and smoke, it will cause heavy casualties.
Step 5 flood
It mainly occurs in coal mines near the seabed, lakes or reservoirs. When the coal mine collapses, a large number of floods quickly engulf the roadway, coal mining on confined water and re-mining in damaged areas of small coal mines, and water inrush and seepage accidents may also occur. Flood is the most serious accident in coal mining, and the roadway is abandoned after the basic occurrence, so it is impossible to carry out rescue.
6. Health effects
Coal mining will mainly bring chronic lung diseases such as pneumoconiosis to coal miners, which will affect their health.
Generally speaking, coal mining is more dangerous, but with the progress of science and technology, coal mines will establish perfect underground safety avoidance systems such as monitoring, personnel positioning, emergency avoidance, forced air self-help, water supply and rescue, and communication to ensure safety.