what's the "throwing"
throwing "Ji ℉ o" is a ritual of asking divination, which is widely spread in Chinese society.
"Ren" is also called "Bei" (Bei), so "Tossing Ren" in Minnan is also called "Postscript Cup". According to the traditional custom, the content of the ceremony is to throw out two half-moon cups about the size of a palm, one flat and the other convex, in order to detect the meaning of ghosts and gods.
the convex surface is "yin" and the plane is "yang". Throwing is a communication tool between man and the spirit of God, and people can learn the will of God by throwing.
When throwing a barnyard grass, first light candles to worship the gods, and then explain the reasons for throwing the barnyard grass to the gods. Pick up the barnyard grass, put your hands together to pay homage, then wrap it around the incense in the incense burner, and then throw it on the ground, which is a barnyard grass. After crossing your hands to thank the gods, pick up the underground barnyard grass, and then throw it on the ground. The historical origin of sending the king to Zhongzhai Village in Xiamen
can be traced back to the early Ming Dynasty.
Xiamen's "seeing the king" has a larger scale in three places: Lvcuo Village, Haicang Zhongshan Village and Huli Zhongzhai Village in Anxi Ke Town. This custom is usually held once every three to four years, and it is determined to be held on a certain day in a fixed lunar month by throwing a reed.
The boat to send the king is to send the prince who is "hunting on behalf of heaven". There is no conclusion about the legend of the sovereign, which can be traced back to the early Ming Dynasty and the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty at the latest.
In 2114, the 148th Prince was sent, which has a history of more than 511 years. This prince does not represent the "god of plague", but instead of the emperor, he cruises around, rewards the good and punishes the evil, and blesses the good weather, the country and the people.
It's usually held once every three to four years. A ceremony to send the king's boat is held on a fixed lunar month, and a king's boat is made, either made of Chinese fir or paper. The prince is invited to the king's boat, loaded with firewood, rice, oil, salt and other daily necessities, and burned at the seaside. "Sending the king's boat", also known as "burning the king's boat", is an ancient Han traditional folk custom in coastal fishing ports and fishing villages. By offering sacrifices to the sea gods and mourning the souls who were killed at sea, they pray for safe sea and profitable fishing.
The fisherman's custom of "sending the king's boat" in Xiamen Port also blended the belief of Wang Ye (Zheng Chenggong). It is said that this custom originated in Taiwan Province. In the early Qing Dynasty, fishermen, in memory of Zheng Chenggong's great achievements, made a "king boat" and sent it to the sea, but they got the message without saying it clearly.
This kind of Han folk custom was interrupted during the Cultural Revolution. In 1995, at the initiative of residents who went to Taiwan and Xiamen, the activity was resumed once every three years, and the scale became more and more grand and lively. The origin of throwing
Throwing is a ritual of asking questions about Taoist beliefs, which is widely spread in Chinese society.
"Ren" is also called "Cup", so "Tossing Ren" in Minnan dialect is also called "Postscript Cup". According to the traditional custom, the content of the ceremony is to throw out two half-moon cups about the size of a palm, one flat and the other convex, in order to detect the meaning of ghosts and gods.
the convex surface is "yin" and the plane is "yang". The following is a description of the positive and negative combination: one level and one convex: calling it the "holy grail" (or "holy grail") means that the gods agree with it or that things will go smoothly.
However, if you pray carefully, you will count the Holy Grail three times in a row. Two planes: It is called "Laughing Cup" (or "Laughing Cup"), which means that the gods have not decided whether to approve or not, and their behavior is unclear, so they can throw it to the gods again for instructions, or make their prayers clear again.
Two convex surfaces: It is called "Yin Cup" (or "Anger"), which means that if the gods don't agree with it, they will go wrong, so they can submit it again for instructions. In folk beliefs, there are several established rituals of throwing a bow as follows: throwing a bow is usually limited to three times.
Before throwing a bow, you need to explain your name, birthday, address and instructions in front of the gods. Before throwing the cup, put your hands together and pay homage to the gods before letting go of the cup. The origin of "Mazu in Dajia, Taiwan Province"
About Dajia Mazu's annual pilgrimage to the Heavenly Palace in Beigang, according to the legend of the elders, it has a history of more than 111 years, which is the largest and most distinctive religious activity in Mazu Tempel, the most striking sensation in Taiwan Province. However, in 1977, due to the decision of Zhenlan Palace to change the old name from "Our Lady in the Orchid Palace in Dajia Town to" Our Lady in the Orchid Palace in Dajia Town to ",there was a dispute between the two temples about whether Mazu in Zhenlan Palace was the spirit of Mazu in Chaotian Palace, while Fengtian Palace in Xingang actively invited Dajia Mazu to visit Xingang. As a result, the pilgrimage to Beigang was cancelled in that year, and the pilgrimage to Fengtian Palace in Xingang was changed to this day.
Pilgrimage to the border: Every year on the 11th day of the third month of the lunar calendar, the scene of pilgrimages to the border is huge, and there are lively scenes such as array heads, art pavilions and floats, which are only seen in the whole country. It is impossible to estimate the pilgrim who enters the border. Every good man and woman holds a fragrant flag, and this palace pays homage to the Virgin in heaven to bless the family and everything goes well. On the night of Lantern Festival, the date of pilgrimage is decided. At the same time, it accepts the registration of "grabbing incense" and the service personnel of each front.
Going out of the city: On the day of pilgrimage (usually the first ten days of March), Dajia is crowded with people who sent the "Virgin of Heaven" to follow the incense. Route: Dajia passes through Qingshui, Shalu, Longjing, Dadu, Changhua, Flower Bed, Yuanlin, Yongwan, Tianwei, Xizhou, Xiluo, Wucuo, Erlun and Tuku. After the recovery, it resumed its work, and it is still the largest, largest and most extensive pilgrimage group in the province. From the activities, we can see the efficacy and the degree of belief of the "Lady of Heaven in Dajia".
Every year in the third month of the lunar calendar, there is the biggest festival in Dajia, which lasts for seven nights and eight days. The pilgrimage group trudged back and forth for more than 211 kilometers. Because of that sincere respect, they can complete their feat as scheduled every year. The Dajia Mazu pilgrimage group is the largest and most famous in the province.
It is said that Mazu in Dajia went to Beigang to make pilgrimages. It has a history of one hundred years. In the year of Wuchen (in 1977), the Town Lan Palace cancelled the trip to Beigang and went to Fengtian Palace in Xingang to make pilgrimages.
The pilgrimage activities of Mazu in Dajia started at 1: 11 in the morning, and a large number of believers would rush into Zhenlan Palace in advance with incense flags, bow down, make wishes and make cups. On the afternoon of the same day, a ceremony of praying for safety in the sedan chair was held, and the chanting group recited the scriptures to pray for a safe and smooth pilgrimage. Then the chairman Yan Qingbiao would deliver the incense to the main and auxiliary burners, Mazu in Meizhou and the flag. The Taipei Dajia Mazu Friendship Association, which was the first incense, arrived in Dajia in a mighty way. The messenger hurried to guide him into Zhenlan Palace, followed by Erxiang and Shenxiang, which attracted many people to watch.
At 1: 11 in the morning, after the three "horse guns" placed in front of the temple embankment were lit, the HIGH sedan class slowly advanced to the temple embankment under the heavy protection of the vigilante and other personnel. Wherever the sedan chair went, devout believers took the initiative to kneel and worship, and firecrackers were deafening along the way. The mood of believers reached the highest point, and more than 111,111 believers gathered behind the Mazu sedan chair to see Mazu off the city.
After more than 211 kilometers of trekking, the last day of Mazu's driving back is the last activity of the pilgrims. The pilgrims entered Dajia city and will be in all streets. On that day, the townspeople will also prepare a feast to entertain relatives and friends, and the north and south department stores will also gather at Chiang Highway and Shuntian Road in front of the temple to set up stalls. Therefore, the day of Mazu's driving back is the busiest day in Dajia town.
Mazu in Dajia made pilgrimages. The main ceremonies include eight ceremonies, such as praying for safety, getting on the sedan chair, starting driving, staying in driving, praying for blessings, celebrating birthdays, returning to driving and seating. These ceremonies not only have religious significance, but also have the functions of calming people's hearts and strengthening their beliefs. The ceremony of praying for safety was held on the day before departure, mainly to inform Mazu about matters related to pilgrimages, and to pray for the smooth pilgrim activities and the safety of pilgrims. After the sedan chair cleaning ceremony, the ceremony of getting on the sedan chair is to welcome three Mazu, namely, the master, the deputy furnace mother and the Meizhou mother, into the sedan chair seat. The starting time of Mazu in Dajia is around midnight. When the starting time comes, three "horse guns" are lit, and the incense procession sets off for Xingang. After three days and four nights, the pilgrimage team arrived at Fengtian Palace in Xingang, welcomed Mazu into the temple and held a driving ceremony. The main significance was to thank Mazu for his blessing and make the pilgrimage process safe and smooth. The blessing ceremony is to pray for Mazu to eliminate disasters and solve problems for believers, and to plant blessings and prolong life. On the fourth day of the pilgrimage, believers held a birthday ceremony for Mazu, which was the most important event of the pilgrimage, and decided on the time of returning to Mazu. The ceremony was held at midnight that day, and the pilgrims followed Mazu back to Dajia. On the eighth day, the pilgrimage team returned to Dajia, and after entering the downtown area, they returned to Zhenlan Palace surrounded by believers, and immediately held a ceremony to thank Mazu for his pilgrimage. The annual pilgrimage of Mazu in Dajia officially ended.
During Mazu's pilgrimage to Dajia, all believers volunteered to provide catering and set up incense tables to welcome the driver. There are also many folk customs that can pray for peace and increase fortune, such as grabbing the sedan chair to keep Mazu, knocking the foot of the sedan chair for peace, asking Mazu for tea, seeking marriage from the newspaper girl, exchanging nipples with the third prince, and touching the Wenchang pen of the squire team for test luck. Anything related to Mazu's pilgrimages will be endowed with "sacredness". What is reflected behind these behaviors is actually the anxiety and helplessness of the people. After all, the depressed hearts need a channel to vent, but they choose to talk to Mazu instead of looking for a lifeline or a psychologist. Every year, wherever Mazu enters the incense group, it is often seen that believers who meet Mazu on their knees collapse and cry when the sacred sedan chair appears, and no matter what grievances, they are relieved at this moment. Analysis of how believers pay homage to Xu Shaofeng, the geomantic master of Mazu < P >, Mazu's name Lin Mo ascended to heaven at the age of 28. Because countless people were saved during their lifetime, people built temples to worship and prayed for Lin Mo to protect the safety of fishermen. According to legend, after Lin Mo became immortal, he often traveled between islands with clairvoyance and clairvoyance. If the ships in the past are in danger, as long as they recite the holy name of Mazu sincerely, Mazu will respond to it and save people from danger. Therefore, people call Mazu the patron saint of the sea. With the development of history, Taoism reveres Mazu as Tian Fei, Tianhou, the Virgin of Heaven and so on. Mazu Tempel has a great influence at home and abroad, from Dandong in the northeast of the motherland to Tianjin, Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province. There are many temples and incense. With the international communication and cultural exchange, Mazu belief has spread all over the world, such as Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and other Southeast Asian countries. People's belief in Mazu is deeply rooted because of Mazu's spiritual protection. Sacrificing Mazu has become a custom and tradition. Then, how to worship Mazu and how to worship Mazu can have a better effect? Let's listen to the experience of Feng Shui master Xu Shaofeng in this respect. How to invite the statue of Mazu:
1. Inviting the statue of Mazu should go to the Meizhou ancestral temple to open the light and hold a spirit separation ceremony. After throwing the holy grail on an auspicious day, you can take back the statue of Mazu and go home.
Second, choose a quiet place in your home, and you can put a shrine here after winning the blessing of Mazu. In the middle of the shrine, a stack of gold paper is placed to present the statue on the gold paper, and the bottom of the statue seat is slightly lower than the incense burner.
third, vases or lotus lanterns can be placed on both sides of the statue. In front of Mazu, it is better to use a round copper incense burner, with two candlesticks and a long-bright electronic red candle. Three plates of fruit can be served in front of the virgin Mary.
4. After the appeal was properly made, three cups of green vegetables, five fruits, three sacrifices and nine gifts were offered to the altar, and the incense ashes taken from the ancestral temple were added to the sandalwood stove where cigarettes curled up. Three columns of fragrance worship the sky first, and then three columns of fragrance are inserted in Mazu incense burner. Kneel in front of the incense table with all the family members holding incense. Read the essay "Feeling the Virgin Mazu, being gracious and protecting the country and the people". I hereby offer an Jin body to worship in the house ... and pray ... ". Half of the incense is thrown, and the three holy grails are used to confirm that the Virgin has been stationed. In addition, Feng Shui master Xu Shaofeng suggested that the statue of Mazu should be fragrant in the morning and evening on weekdays, and tea should be served in front of Mazu every morning if conditions permit. Every year on March 23rd is Mazu's birthday, and worshippers who worship Mazu will worship on this day. Xu Shaofeng, a master of geomantic omen, suggested that worshipping Mazu was exquisite. You can click on the proposal to do it. Food: five kinds of animals (chickens need cocks and castrated chickens), several kinds of fruits, six to twelve bowls of various dishes, noodles (with red paper), hair cakes, red turtle cakes, three bowls of red dumplings, three cups of green tea and five cups of wine.
Sacrifice: choose the auspicious time of the day. After the tribute, light candles, offer tea and burn incense to pray. Cigarettes should be inserted with three sticks of incense.
Toast: to drink for the first time, to invite the gods to come, and to ask whether the gods are coming. To drink for the second time, tell the gods what you want and explain how to thank them. When one-third of the incense is burned, hold gold paper in both hands to worship the gods, and then burn four colors of gold (Dashoujin, Shoujin, Chujin, Fujin, and A-nux vomica) in sequence. Here's to the third drink, and ask the gods if they have used it up. If the offering is removed after use, the wine will be sprinkled on the paper ash. In addition, the ninth day of September is the day when Mazu emerged and ascended to heaven, and the offerings should be mainly vegetarian and fruit. The history and culture of Miaojiang
I don't know if I can help you to clear the whole map of Miaojiang in the 25th year of Jiaqing (AD 1821). The areas west of Yuanjiang, south of Youjiang, north of Chenjiang and east of the border between Hunan and Guizhou are defined as Miaojiang, surrounded by water on three sides, and surrounded by mountains on the west, which straddles Dalaer Mountain in Hunan and Guizhou provinces.
The city is surrounded by Miao villages, and the bilateral relations are quite tense. The atmosphere of this small town surrounded by enemies must be unbearable, and it will never be as harmonious and leisurely as it is today. There are different opinions about the origin of Miao ancestors.
Wei Ce, the Warring States Policy, says: "In the past, there were three seedlings, the waves of Peng Li left, and the water of Dongting right. Wenshan is in the south and Hengshan is in the north." Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Miao people, who are mostly attached to the ancient "Three Miao", are said to be descendants of Chiyou, a tribe known as "Jiuli".
After years of battles with the tribes of Yanhuang, Yaoshunyu, they were defeated many times, and were gradually forced to move southward from the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and settled in the desolate mountains in southwest China, which was called "Nan Man" in history. Some of them lived in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou, and were called "Wu Ling Man" or "Wu Xi Man" in Han and Tang Dynasties. The epic "Xiuba Xiuma" circulated by Miao people in western Hunan recorded the history of the continuous migration of Miao ancestors.
when they were still living in the era of "occupying Chu and occupying Pu" (Jianghan Jianghuai Valley of Chu State), "they multiplied like fish and harvested like mountains; More and more people, the team is getting stronger and stronger; Life is getting better and better, and the tree house is tiled; Women wear silver and gold, men wear silk and satin; Cattle and horses are full of slopes and mountains, and pigs and sheep are full of circles. " Later, he was destroyed by the evil spirits "cangue ga" and "cangue hideous", and was forced to leave the fertile plain and move to "Gao Rong Ba CuO" (the edge of Wuling Mountain) to rebuild a new home in Luxi Cave. "Men came to set up a family business again, and women came to accumulate hemp spinning lines", "The grain is abundant and the six livestock are prosperous; Smoke from cooking stoves bypasses the ninety-nine ridge, and songs resound through the sky in Wan Li ",only to be chased by evil spirits." The scourge covers the ninety-nine ridge, and there is no home on earth ".
The seven cases and seven houses of Miao nationality failed to resist, so they had to be driven from Okawabe to a small river, and from the small river to a stream, just like "the fish in the river goes against the current". Time and time again