However, commodities will not move from the production field to the consumption field by themselves, and they need the help of guardians, that is, commodity owners, to carry out commodity business activities and realize their own economic interests. This kind of business activity can be the activity of one operator, or it can be the business activity of several operators, that is, through one or more sales, the goods can finally enter the consumption field as use value.
In a deeper sense, the commodity circulation channel is actually an organizational sequence composed of a commodity owner who is engaged in commodity exchange activities and promotes the consumer-oriented movement of commodities.
Every commodity owner here can be called a member of the circulation channel. Because every commodity trading activity will form a circulation link that leads to the transformation of commodity ownership, and the circulation channels are connected by one circulation link. If there are many circulation links, the circulation channels are long, while if there are few circulation links, the circulation channels are short.
Question 2: What do you mean by circulation, terminal and channel in sales? 1, the channel is the "marketing channel". Marketing channel refers to all enterprises or individuals that have acquired the ownership of a commodity or service or helped to transfer the ownership when the commodity or service is transferred from the producer to the consumer. Simply put, marketing channel is a specific channel or path in the process of goods and services transferring from producers to consumers.
2. Circulation means "commodity circulation", which refers to the transfer process of goods or services from production to consumption. Compared with the concept of commerce, the concept of commodity circulation has been greatly extended, from the past industrial concept to the industrial concept, and has become the basic industry and leading component of the tertiary industry, including transportation, post and telecommunications, domestic commerce, foreign trade, catering, material supply and marketing, warehousing and so on.
3. Terminal, that is, "sales terminal", refers to the end of product sales channels, the final port for products to reach consumers to complete transactions, and the place where goods are displayed and traded face to face with consumers. Specific forms include shopping mall counters, specialty stores, office buildings, chain stores, retail stores and so on. Through this port and place, manufacturers and merchants sell their products to consumers, complete the final transaction and enter substantive consumption; Through this port, consumers can buy products they need and like. Terminal is the most competitive and decisive link. On the shelf of the terminal counter, various brands fight side by side here. How to attract consumers' attention and influence their purchasing psychology is the key to terminal work.
The above definition may be somewhat abstract, so we might as well give an example. Take moon cakes as an example. After moon cakes are produced in food factories, they need to be sold in various stores, such as supermarkets. The supermarket store here is the "terminal". The process of moon cakes from factories to shops can be "circulation"; The company that runs the supermarket (purchasing department) is the "gateway".
Question 3: What is a distributor? Distributor refers to the unit responsible for transporting products from manufacturers and then circulating them to the market through various channels (including agents and retailers). They are all dealers, and they are the bridge between manufacturers and consumers.
Usually, distributors can also be enterprises. In the process of commodity circulation, enterprises engaged in wholesale, retail or wholesale and retail are called commodity circulation enterprises.
Question 4: What is the concept of production circulation? Commodity circulation industry refers to an industry composed of economic entities that organize commodity purchase and sale activities, operate independently and assume sole responsibility for their own profits and losses. The main economic activities of commodity circulation enterprises are to organize commodity circulation, that is, to buy, sell, distribute and store commodities, and to transfer social products from the production field to the consumption field, so as to promote the development of industrial and agricultural production and meet the needs of people's lives, so as to realize the value of commodities and obtain profits. Compared with industrial enterprises, the main feature of commodity circulation enterprises is that their business process mainly includes supply process and sales process, and there is no production process.
Commodity circulation enterprises refer to enterprises that buy commodities at low prices and sell commodities at high prices to realize the difference between the purchase and sale of commodities, so as to make up for the expenses of enterprises and obtain profits.
Commodity circulation enterprises realize commodity circulation through business activities such as commodity purchase, sales, distribution, storage (including transportation), among which purchase and sales are the key business to complete commodity circulation, and distribution, storage and transportation are all carried out around commodity purchase and sales.
Compared with the business activities of industrial enterprises and other industries, the business characteristics of commodity circulation industry have three characteristics: first, the main content of business activities is the purchase and sale of commodities; Second, commodity assets account for a large proportion of all assets of enterprises, which is the focus of enterprise asset management; The third is the trajectory of capital activities in enterprise operation.
Question 5: What does channel business mean? Channel business: Simply understood, it is the business related to sales channels, such as your agent management, sales network construction, direct sales network management, etc. There are still great differences between different industries.
Question 6: What is the circulation cost? Strictly speaking, "circulation cost" is not a strict enough definition. In the traditional concept, "cost" refers to the monetary expression of the value transferred by means of production and operation and the value created by workers for their own labor, that is, the sum of the funds spent by enterprises in production and operation, which can be expressed as c+v in Marx's labor theory of value, that is, the compensation part of commodity value. Therefore, the consumption compensation in the circulation process that does not create value can not be called "cost", but can only be classified as "expense". The so-called "cost" can be defined as the outflow of economic benefits in daily activities such as selling products and providing services, which covers a wider range than "cost", including not only the production expenses incurred by production enterprises for producing a certain product in a certain period of time, but also the sales expenses, management expenses and financial expenses incurred by circulation enterprises in the process of product sales. When studying the consumption compensation in circulation, Marx adopted the concept of "cost" and put forward the theory of circulation cost.
Question 7: The difference and relationship between marketing and trade. First of all, contact marketing and trade are for the company's business promotion and product sales, both of which are market behaviors.
The specific differences are as follows
Conceptually speaking, trade is the transaction of goods or services on the premise of equality and mutual benefit. Trade is a commercial activity. Marketing means that enterprises discover or tap the needs of prospective consumers, and promote and sell products from the creation of overall atmosphere and their own product forms.
Different stakeholders
Marketing is mainly for the sales of enterprise products to increase the turnover of enterprises, while trade is more based on the state's promotion of enterprise trade, promotion of market economy and enhancement of national fiscal revenue.
Different objects
The marketing object is the consumers corresponding to the marketing products of enterprises, and the trading object can be individuals, enterprises, * * * * or even countries.
Different purposes
The purpose of marketing is to promote the sales of enterprise products and increase the turnover of enterprises, while trade is to promote the market economy and enhance the national fiscal revenue.
Question 8: How did the new retail come about? What is new retail? On Baidu Encyclopedia, the explanation of new retail is that enterprises rely on the Internet and use advanced technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to upgrade the production, circulation and sales processes of commodities, thus reshaping the business structure and ecological circle and deeply integrating online services, online testing and modern logistics.
The first proposal of new retail was put forward by Alibaba Ma Yun at the Alibaba Cloud Habitat Conference in June 20 16-"In the next ten or twenty years, there will be no e-commerce, only new retail."
The "newness" of new retail is based on the disappearance of e-commerce platform and the combination of online and offline and logistics.
Question 9: What details can be issued in the invoice of circulation sales service fee? Hello, our company has.
Question 10: What does prepackaged foods Sales (voucher management) mean in the business license? Hello, if your problem is solved, please adopt it. If it is not solved, please ask questions.
Because the food circulation permit is the post-processing procedure of the business license, the voucher operation in the business scope of the business license refers to: you have obtained the business license, but you are not allowed to operate in prepackaged foods, and you can only operate in prepackaged foods after obtaining a valid food circulation permit.