1942, Du (stage name Yongzhen) attended the class and served as the foreman; Singing is mainly composed of four-sentence tune, crib, Fengyang song and overlapping broken bridge, with occasional soul-pulling tune and bangzi tune. There is no difference between male and female voices, and there are no girls in the class. Life and Dan, starring a male artist, is called "Life, Dan, Cleanliness and Ugliness are in the same basket". The repertoire is mainly "three plays". For example, Wang Jienian, Pan Jinlian picked up wheat, and Wang Lin divorced to pick up cotton. The initial activities were limited to Xiaoxian rural areas, and the performances were mainly "land reclamation" (that is, setting up stalls); Artists come from farmers or rural folk artists, and they are busy farming and singing in their spare time.
1944, Li Jiaoling, a famous pendant artist in Xiaoxian County (nicknamed Big Brother Hei, a native of Feizhuang), her stringed player Wang Yongyu, and Shi, a pendant artist in Huangkou Town (the fourth adopted daughter of Han Jiaoxiang, the first female pendant artist) successively joined the "Yin Qing dulcimer" class. Because Li Jiaoling is the highest artist and has profound artistic attainments, Du and others, the former monitor, worshipped him as a teacher and promoted him to monitor. Under the advocacy and influence of Li Jiaoling, the class began to abandon the tune of its piano book, and sang the "Pingqiang" and "Zhaban" of the pendant instead, and renamed the "Yinqing Dayangqin" class as "Xiaoxian Daoqing Class". Because the pendant in the early years evolved from the combination of Taoist sentiment in northern Anhui, Yinggeliu and Sanxian calligraphy, these people worship the "Qiu Zulong School" (that is, Taoism founded by Qiu Chuji, one of the "northern seven truths" of Taoism in the Jin Dynasty), and their artists are arranged in the order of "moral heart, true Taoism, keeping too clear, returning from the sun and teaching together forever". The singing method of "Daoqing Class" is represented by Li Jiaoling's male voice "big mouth" pendant and Shi's female voice "Kun mouth" (or "small mouth"). During the performance, the makeup was very rough. Pupils wear hats and coats; A plain coat, a red skirt with flowers on the corner and a printed towel on her head; Old students wear hemp to make their mouths drool, ugly noses are smeared, and there are physical performances that imitate daily life movements.
Before 1946, the activity scope of Daoqing class was limited to Xiao, Yi, Su and Sui in Huaibei area, and then gradually expanded to eastern Henan and northern Jiangsu. The venue of the performance was concentrated in the market town (that is, the local animal husbandry market in Huaibei) and the "pastoral meeting" at the temple fair, and then gradually entered the county. Long Qinghai, Da, Dahongpao and other cases have been added to the repertoire. Some artists of ancient painting and Bangzi opera have also joined the Daoqing class one after another and changed to singing pendant operas. For example, Guo Zhancai, Yu Huarong, Wu, Niu Jiatai, Cai Kebin, Li Leshan, etc. Even the "flower drum champion" horse has switched to singing. Musically, in addition to the pendant, some piano books, soul-pulling cavity, bangzi cavity and Hua Gutiao, which were brought in later, were retained, and all of them played "moving characters". With the joining of brothers' actors, artists from different dramas and genres gathered together, which greatly enriched the music and performance of the hanging foot drama. The repertoire of pendant drama can be divided into two categories: original drama and short drama, which are adapted from Man Zi Huo and Duan Zi Huo respectively.
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196 1 year, when the pendant troupe performed in Beijing, it was warmly praised by the people in the capital. Beijing Daily published a commentary, and the performance was broadcast live by CCTV. Famous dramatists Mei Lanfang, Chang Xiangyu and Xian Nvhong had a discussion with the cast members. After research and discussion by the Central Academy of Drama, it was officially named pendant drama 1956, and the pendant drama "Little Garden" participated in the first drama observation in Anhui Province. Zhu Yuemei, a young actor, made his mark and brought this new drama, which has been growing for a long time in Huaibei Plain, to the provincial theater for the first time. Liu Yujun published a special review article entitled "Watching Quyi Drama" for comments. Musically, from "improvisation" to "arranging and recording music", the band is equipped with "outline" From 1958 to 1959, the large-scale pendant drama "Five Girls in Baiyun" and "Xiao", which were written and performed by themselves, participated in the second exhibition of Huizhou Opera, presented gifts to 10 National Day respectively, and gave special performances for central leaders, Dong and Tan Zhenlin for many times. As a new local drama, pendant drama enjoys a good reputation in Jianghuai with a brand-new attitude. In order to foster the further development of this emerging local drama, the Anhui Provincial Party Committee decided to establish the "Anhui Pendant Opera Troupe" (originally one of the top ten provincial-level literary and art groups in Anhui Province, managed by Bengbu area and Suxian County) in June 1959+065438+ 10. From 1963, pendant plays a dominant role in Anhui modern drama, and it is delivered to the countryside in line with the party's principles and policies. People's Daily, Liberation Daily, Wen Wei Po, Anhui Daily and other publications have published editorials and articles to give high praise, and have been rated as the "Red Flag Troupe" in the national "Ulan Qi Mu" style. Musically, the traditional aria has been excavated and sorted out, and the artistic exchange with brother operas has been strengthened; In addition to the reform of singing, he also created hanging feet plays such as Feed the Chicken and Four Dishes. Since the 1960s, the soundboard and percussion music have been initially standardized and reformed, key aria have been designed, and large-scale modern dramas such as Lei Feng, Seizing India, Wandering the Fire with the Reed, and Walking on the Tiger Mountain have been created and transplanted.
During the "Cultural Revolution", due to the influence of "one flower alone", the troupe was laid off, the staff were dismissed, all the materials were set on fire, and the pendant opera was faced with premature death.
1978, after the restoration of Anhui Pendant Opera Troupe, attention was paid to strengthening the artistic discussion of repertoire, performance, music and language, and music cadres Chen Jian (see you tomorrow morning) and Zheng Zhongliang were sent to seriously investigate the origin of Pendant Opera. On the basis of excavating and recording a large number of traditional audio and written materials, various kinds of turntables were formally standardized and named. He made an exploratory attempt to combine the "clean line" with the singing methods of Xiao Sheng and Lao Dan. Initially solved the transfer problem; The reform and innovation of male and female voices "adagio", "Bandi" and "Little Black Donkey" as well as gongs, drums and accompaniment of hanging feet play. In order to better shape people with different identities and personalities, some comprehensive plate vocals were created, which enriched the expressive force of pendant drama and changed the monotonous pattern of "one plate to the end" in the past. Through a lot of stage practice, the reformed turntable has become an indispensable and valuable new music program in pendant music, and has been widely used. It has had a certain influence in similar dramas in China. At the same time, he has compiled and created a large number of outstanding plays with the characteristics of pendant drama, such as Jin Mei and Yinwa, which participated in the adaptation of the first modern drama in Anhui Province, Bao Sanhei, which won the Shuang Yi Prize for the adaptation of the first children's drama in Anhui Province, and the aria of pendant drama "Please come to Huaibei" and Hu Da's solo "Lantern" and "Begging" at the Jianghuai Autumn Song and Dance Festival. Zhu Yuemei, Zhang, Zhang, Xing Yadong, Shen, Li Ling, Zhang, Wang Fang, Xin Wenliang, Wu Yali, Li Linjie and other actors have won individual performance awards in many opera singing competitions at or above the provincial level. Since 1950s, the singing voices of pendant dramas have been recorded and distributed on records or tapes, such as Little Garden, Little, Dou Eyuan, Pan Jinlian and Princess Pleading. The singing art of famous crosstalk performers Zhu Yuemei and Zhang has been recorded and broadcasted by Anhui People's Broadcasting Station, Anhui TV Station and china national radio for many times.