Difference between the audit department and the supervision department:
Audit organs are in accordance with the law, the state administrative organs at all levels, financial institutions, enterprises and institutions of the organization of financial income and expenditure, financial discipline, construction projects for economic supervision.
Supervisory organs are organs of the people *** exercise the function of supervision, in accordance with the law on the state administrative organs, state civil servants and other personnel appointed by the state administrative organs to implement administrative supervision.
The duties of the audit organs:
(1) audit and supervision of the implementation and final accounts of the budgets of the departments (including directly subordinate units) and lower *** levels at this level, as well as the management and use of extrabudgetary funds;
(2) audit organs at all levels of the local audit organs, respectively, under the leadership of the chief executive of their own level and the audit organs of the next higher level, audit and supervision of the implementation of budgets of the local levels, and report to the people of their own level on the implementation of budgets, and to the people of their own level on the implementation of the budgets of their own level. audit supervision, and submit reports on audit results to the people at their own level *** and to the audit organs at the next higher level;
(3), audit supervision of the assets, liabilities, profits and losses of state-owned financial institutions;
(4), audit supervision of the financial income and expenditure of state institutions and organizations;
(5), audit supervision of the assets, liabilities, profits and losses of state-owned enterprises
(6) Audit and supervision of the assets, liabilities, profits and losses of state-owned enterprises that have a significant relationship with the economy and people's livelihood, receive more financial subsidies or incur larger losses, and enterprises with a controlling or dominant share of state-owned assets;
(7) Audit and supervision of the implementation of the budgets of state construction projects and their final accounts;
(8) Audit and supervision of the financial income and expenditures of *** departments and social organizations entrusted by the *** to manage the financial income and expenditure of the social security fund, social donation funds and other relevant funds and funds, audit supervision;
(9), the financial income and expenditure of international organizations and foreign *** assistance, loan projects, audit supervision;
(10), other laws and administrative regulations stipulate that matters that should be audited by audit organs, in accordance with and relevant regulations. conduct audits, in accordance with and the provisions of the relevant laws and administrative regulations;
(11), on specific matters related to the state's financial revenues and expenditures, to the relevant localities, departments and units to carry out special audits and investigations, and report the results of the audits to the people at their own level *** and to the auditing organs at the next higher level;
(12), on the internal audits of the departments, state-owned financial institutions and enterprise organizations, to provide operational guidance and supervision;
(13), to supervise the quality of the operations of social auditing institutions in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the State Council;
(14), to undertake other matters assigned by the people *** at their own level and the higher-level auditing organs;
(15), In addition, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State, the auditing organs are also responsible for auditing the tenure of economic responsibility of leading party and government cadres below the county level, and leaders of state-owned enterprises and state-controlled enterprises.
Duties of the Supervisory Organs:
(1) checking the state administrative organs in their compliance with and implementation of the laws, regulations and the people's *** decisions and orders;
(2) accepting complaints and whistleblowing about the violation of administrative discipline by the state administrative organs, the state civil servants, and other personnel appointed by the state administrative organs;
(3) investigating and handling violations of administrative discipline by state administrative organs, state civil servants and other personnel appointed by state administrative organs;
(4) accepting appeals from state civil servants and other personnel appointed by state administrative organs against decisions of the competent administrative organs to impose administrative sanctions, as well as other appeals to be accepted by the supervisory organs as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations;
(5) other duties stipulated by laws and administrative regulations to be performed by the supervisory organs;
(6) investigating and handling complaints and reports on violations of administrative discipline by state administrative organs, state civil servants and other personnel appointed by state administrative organs; and Provide for other duties to be performed by the supervisory organs.
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2. Basic Content of Audit Personnel
Audit personnel refers to specialized personnel engaged in auditing in audit institutions or other auditing institutions.
Auditors should have the specialized knowledge and business ability appropriate to the audit work.
There are three principles for auditors to perform their duties:
First, the principle of avoidance. Auditors in the audit matters, and the audited unit or audit matters have an interest, should be recused.
Second, the principle of confidentiality. Auditors in the performance of their duties known to the state secrets and commercial secrets of the audited unit, the obligation of confidentiality.
Third, the principle of legal protection. Auditors perform their duties in accordance with the law, protected by law.
Any organization or individual shall not refuse to impede the auditors to perform their duties in accordance with the law, and shall not retaliate against the auditors.
3. What is the work of the company's internal audit
The work of the company's internal audit:
1, the first aspect is to focus on whether there are loopholes in the company's internal control
Audit methods: check the vouchers, whether in strict accordance with the company's payment approval system, in the process of which, in turn, can also be probed into the existence of the company's payment approval system. The company's payment approval system is not reasonable or there are loopholes in the place.
This type of audit can continuously improve the company's financial management system and the implementation of the system, for the discovery of the company's internal control loopholes, fill the loopholes, correct and prevent very helpful.
2, the second aspect is whether the account processing is reasonable and legal
Audit method: for small companies, it is recommended to comprehensively check the vouchers; for the vouchers of a large amount of the company's proposed importance of grasping the importance of the level of importance from the statement level to the level of the importance of the subject level refinement, the focus of the fine check, non-focused rough check.
The focus of the review is whether the account processing is in line with the norms of corporate accounting standards, whether the attached documents are sufficient and legal, and whether they can reasonably explain the economic operations.
3. Review the tax risk, put forward tax risk tips and rectification methods, pay attention to the space of tax planning.
For example: to obtain catering invoices, daily necessities invoices, generally only into the business hospitality, while obtaining invoices for meeting fees and supplementary meeting minutes, sign-in sheets, etc. can be included in the meeting fees, full deduction, to obtain office supplies invoices and lists, can also be fully deducted; and then, for example, the National Day cash benefits need to be included in the calculation of the personal tax, and as a high-temperature subsidies, as long as within the standard range, it is tax-free.
Extended information:
According to the nature of the subject of the implementation of auditing activities categorized, the audit can be divided into *** auditing, independent auditing and internal auditing of three kinds.
(a) *** audit
*** audit is carried out by the *** audit organs in accordance with the law, in our country is generally referred to as state audit. China's national audit institutions, including the State Council set up by the Audit Office and its agencies and local people at all levels *** set up by the Audit Office (Bureau) of the two levels.
(B) independent audit
Independent audit, i.e., by certified public accountants entrusted with paid audit activities, also known as civil audit. Independent audit of high risk, heavy responsibility, so the emergence of audit theory, development and audit methodology changes are basically centered on independent audit.
(C) internal audit
Internal audit refers to the unit's internal specialized audit institutions and personnel of the unit's financial income and expenditure and economic activities to implement the independent review and evaluation of the results of the audit to the main person in charge of the unit to report. This audit has a significant constructive and inward-looking service, and its purpose is to help the unit to improve internal control, improve management, and enhance economic efficiency.
Reference:
4. Internal Audit main content, what is it
Description Internal Audit for the different industries and fields to show a specific audit content: For the medical and health industry Medical fee monitoring The medical fee price assessment index standard is preset in the system, and the medical fee system is tracked and monitored in real time.
If the processing of the medical fee system deviates from the corresponding standard indicators, these data will be in the monitoring program to send a signal or message to the supervisor. Medical equipment monitoring The system can supervise the use of large medical equipment. Combined with medical fee monitoring, it can control the charges of large medical equipment and prevent the occurrence of medical equipment leakage and private charges; at the same time, it is convenient for hospital leaders to understand the use of large-scale medical equipment and the income situation.
Drug price monitoring The real-time monitoring of drug prices in the system is realized by real-time tracking and supervision of daily accounting data in the inventory system through the relevant monitoring programs. If the processing of the inventory accounting system appears to deviate from the monitoring boundaries or parameters, these data will send a signal or message to the supervisor in the monitoring program.
Budget execution monitoring for administrative institutions The system has the function of automatically reading the budget system, realizes the comparative analysis and penetrating query of financial data and budget data, financial indexes and budget data, and budget indexes according to the correspondence between the set budget items and financial data, finds out the reasons for the discrepancies, and defines early warning for the budget execution, realizing multiple levels of early warning prompts. Special Funds Monitoring Check the source and expenditure implementation of special funds by setting the total amount of source and sub-amount of special funds as well as the total amount of expenditure and sub-amount; check whether there is any overspending in the implementation of income and expenditure, and whether there is any crosstalk and unstandardized accounting in the expenditure of special funds.
For the manufacturing industry Inventory age monitoring By monitoring the inventory business of raw materials, semi-finished products, inventory goods and other inventory, reflecting the enterprise's inventory structure, capital consumption, backlog quantity, backlog time in a timely manner, so that the enterprise inventory management personnel can timely grasp and adjust the frequency of inventory turnover, revitalization of the backlog of funds, not only to ensure that the inventory of materials in a timely manner to supply the demand for production, but also to prevent the excessive accumulation of backlogs, to Monitoring of sales business Monitoring of sales business Through the monitoring of sales business, sales data is updated in the system in real time, so that sales data such as sales revenue, unit cost, unit profit, etc. can be analyzed in a timely manner, so that enterprise managers can grasp the market situation in a timely manner, in particular, the sales price of the same product in different markets, in order to make further adjustments to the market strategy.
Financial monitoring The time monitoring of the financial system in the system is realized by the real-time tracking and supervision of the daily accounting data in the financial accounting system through the relevant monitoring program. If the processing of the financial accounting system deviates from the audit boundaries or parameters, the monitoring program will automatically send out an early warning signal or a message to the auditor. Financial Normative Control Cash sitting monitoring: you can monitor based on the defined cash sitting checking formula.
Abnormal voucher monitoring: Auditors can define their own account correspondences in abnormal vouchers according to the provisions of the accounting system and the internal financial system, and the system can prompt and record these abnormal correspondences in vouchers in time when the vouchers occur, as well as prompting these abnormal vouchers to the defects in the internal control system involved. Financial analysis monitoring Allows you to set up and combine the methods provided by the financial analysis tools, define the criteria for analysis, and the conclusion of the violation of the criteria to form a specific analysis program, and each analysis can be pre-set to the results of the analysis, through the results of the analysis can be found in the management process of the problem.
Economic Indicator Monitoring You can control the range of indicator values, trend of indicator values, year-on-year number of indicators, and budgeted number of indicators through the economic indicators defined by the system. Monitoring of large receipts and expenditures By setting up monitoring limits for large receipts and expenditures of cash and bank deposit accounts, the monitoring program will automatically send out warning signals to auditors when the amount of receipts and expenditures is too large or the number is too large. Audit operation monitoring Helps audit staff to carry out audit supervision operations in accordance with legal provisions and enterprise authorization, real-time monitoring, timely warning and investigation of illegal and unauthorized issues.
Significant doubt monitoring By setting up the doubt classification monitoring method, the audit doubts found in the course of audit operations are monitored and prompted according to the principle of significance, which helps the audit supervisor to clearly define the direction of the audit detailed investigation. The significant amount of violation monitoring By setting up the method of violation amount classification standard, monitoring the amount of violation identified in the audit process, to help the audit supervisor in accordance with the principle of importance of the monitoring prompts the audit supervisor to audit the project in the amount of violation of the degree of significance.
For example, if the amount of violation exceeds 100,000 yuan, the system sends a monitoring warning message to the auditor. Monitoring of non-compliance issues By setting importance criteria for non-compliance issues, the system monitors the attributes and importance of non-compliance issues during the audit process to help the audit supervisor determine the degree of severity of the issue and to alert the audit supervisor of the seriousness of the non-compliance issues in the audit program.
For example, if a violation is a serious violation such as embezzlement or petty cash, the system sends a monitoring warning message to the auditor. Audit progress monitoring By comparing the actual progress of the audit operation with the planned progress, and setting up the planned progress and completing the variance monitoring indicators, the progress of the audit operation is monitored, and when there is a large variance, the monitoring prompts are carried out in a timely manner to help the audit supervisor to understand the problems and severity of the problems that may exist in the audit operation in a timely manner.
For example, when the actual progress is significantly behind the planned progress by 30%, the system sends a monitoring alert message to the auditor." .
5. Life has those audit small problems
(1) the role of the audit constraints; audit by exposing and stopping, penalties and other means to constrain the economic activities of a variety of negative factors, to help a variety of correct fulfillment of economic responsibilities and the healthy development of the socio-economic
1. Exposure of deviation from the direction of socialism in the operation of the behavior. The guidelines, policies and regulations of the Party and the state are the guarantee that millions of enterprises and institutions can operate correctly in accordance with the direction of socialism. State organs, enterprises and institutions can faithfully implement, can ensure the correct business direction, otherwise, will deviate from the socialist direction. Audit through the inspection and supervision, can be found in the audited unit to implement the guidelines and policies and regulations, can be exposed and stop the violation of state laws and regulations, in order to facilitate the healthy development of the socialist economy
2. Exposure of economic information in the error and fraud. Accounting information and other kinds of economic information should be true, correct, reasonable and legal to reflect the facts of economic activities. However, many units of economic information not only errors, but also the existence of intentional counterfeiting phenomenon, in an attempt to cover up illegal economic behavior. Through the audit of the inspection and supervision, not only can reveal the economic information of the error and fraud, but also can reveal the economic business of the error and fraud, so as to further investigate the responsibility of the person in charge and test the political and business quality of the relevant management personnel.
3. Exposure of various kinds of economic life in the unhealthy wind. Whether it is a financial audit, or economic efficiency audit, can be through the examination and supervision of economic activities, expose a variety of social improper economic relations, economic thinking and economic behavior, the necessary processing, put forward corrective comments, stop the improper wind, and promote the construction of clean government.
4. To combat various economic crimes. All kinds of audits, especially financial audits, can be found and identified corruption and theft, bribery, bribery, tax evasion, tax fraud, smuggling, false accounts, the budget for the off-budget, the public for the public and the public for private, as well as loss and waste of economic crimes, and with the party's disciplinary inspection, administrative disciplinary supervision, the court, the prosecuting authorities of the judicial investigation, as well as a variety of temporary inspections. To carry out verification and identification, in order to give full play to the unique role of the audit.
(ii) the role of audit promotion: audit through investigation, evaluation, recommendations and other means to promote, serve the macroeconomic regulation and control, and promote microeconomic management, in order to help improve the level of management and performance of the national economy.
1. Promote the improvement of economic management level and economic efficiency. Through the financial audit and economic efficiency audit, you can find various factors affecting the financial results of the audited unit and economic efficiency, and put forward practical measures to improve the problem, so that the audited unit is conducive to improve the material and technical conditions and quality of personnel management, and further explore the potential to improve economic efficiency.
2. Promote the construction and improvement of the internal control system. Through the audit and evaluation of the internal control system, you can find the system itself, the degree of perfection, fulfillment and responsibility attributed to other issues, and feedback to the relevant parties to promote the further improvement of the internal control system and the correct implementation.
3. Promote the healthy operation of the social and economic order. Audit department as the supervision of all state-owned assets, through the micro-audit and macro investigation, can be found in the socialist economic life of some of the phenomena and behaviors of lawlessness and disruption of the normal economic order, the audit organs and personnel not only have the obligation to reflect the information to the relevant leadership and macro-management, but also have the power to put forward processing opinions and improvement measures, which is conducive to the maintenance of the normal economic order, to ensure the healthy development of national economy. This is conducive to the maintenance of normal economic order and the healthy development of the national economy.
4. Promote the correct handling of various economic interests. Whether it is micro-audit or macro-survey, can be found in the handling of some of the national, regional, collective, individual economic interests between the relationship between the existence of problems. The existence of these problems has enabled some units and individuals to obtain some undue economic benefits, and has also dampened the enthusiasm of some people, and more seriously jeopardized the national interests. Audit through the information feedback and put forward some improvement opinions, is conducive to the coordination of the economic interests of all aspects of the relationship, so that the responsibilities, rights and interests more closely combined, in order to help the micro-economy in the resolution of the relevant contradictions and the strengthening of macro-control work. Western auditing scientists believe that the audit is a powerful tool to establish a clean ***, it can be seen that the audit supervision is not only conducive to the construction of China's economic system, for the construction of the socialist political system will also play a greater role. (From: China Audit Publishing House: Principles of Auditing)
6. the company needs to internal audit the preparation of which aspects of the prior
Internal Audit
Internal Audit
Internal Audit
Internal Audit refers to, by the department, the unit within the independent institutions and personnel of the department, the unit's financial revenues, expenditures and other economic activities carried out in the prior to the examination and evaluation of the posterior. and evaluation. It is an internal economic supervision for the purpose of strengthening management. The internal audit institution specializes in carrying out the function of auditing and supervision within the department or unit, and does not undertake other management work. It is directly subordinate to the highest management authority of the department or unit, and maintains an organizationally independent status within the department or unit. In exercising its auditing and supervisory duties and authority, the internal organizations at all levels are not allowed to intervene. However, the internal audit body is ultimately departments, units of leadership, its independence is not as good as the external audit; it puts forward the audit report is only for departments, units of internal use, in the community can not play a notarial role.
List of internal audit information: Accounting information 1, accounting statements and notes for the audit period (including branch offices)
Description: Including the main table of the annual report, schedules and notes to the statement, as well as quarterly and monthly reports
2, all accounts
Description: the internal audit period
3, all the accounting vouchers
Description: the internal audit period
4. Statement of account balances
Description: Beginning, ending and cumulative incomes from level 1 to the end of each year of the internal audit period
5. Bank deposit statements and balance reconciliations
Description: All bank deposit statements of all accounts for each year of the internal audit period and bank deposit balance reconciliations at the end of the audit period
6. Property rights certificates of fixed assets such as houses, vehicles and Intangible assets and other fixed assets such as buildings, vehicles and property rights certificates (appraisal)
7, long and short-term investment, investment agreements, business license of the investee unit, the investee unit's accounting statements
Description: the audited accounting statements of the investee unit as of the date of the statement of accounts
8, long and short-term loan contracts, collateralized security information
Description: the period of the internal audit
9, Fixed Asset Inventory Sheet
Description: Inventory sheet as of the date of the accounting statement, indicating the name, specification, quantity, original value, estimated salvage value, useful life, depreciation, and net value of fixed assets
10, inventory inventory sheet
Description: Inventory sheet as of the date of the accounting statement, indicating the name, specification, quantity, unit price, and total amount of the inventory
11, tax returns, payment letters, tax Inspection report
Description: all taxes during the period of internal audit of tax information for each year
12, all current details
Description: including accounts receivable (payable), accounts receivable (payable), accounts receivable (payable), other accounts receivable (payable)
13, income and expenditure statement
Description: internal audit of the period for each year of the income and expenditure of the main business, the income and expenditure of other businesses
13, income and expenditure schedule
Description: internal audit of each year of the income and expenditure, other business income and expenditure detail
14, Schedule of Expenses
Description: Details of management expenses, operating expenses, and financial expenses for each year of the internal audit period
15, Register of Checks Received, Used, Deposited, and Voided
Description: For the period of the internal audit period
16, Schedule of Invoice Usage
Description: Received and purchased ticket number and amount; used ticket number and amount; remaining ticket number and amount; remaining ticket number and amount; used ticket number and amount; and used ticket number and amount. Amount; Remaining ticket number and amount
Remarks
17, business license
Description: industry and commerce
18, tax registration certificate
Description: national tax, local tax
19, organization code certificate
Description: Quality Supervision Bureau
20, tax appraisal documents
20, tax appraisal documents < /p>
Description: national tax, local tax
21, articles of incorporation, agreements
Description: industrial and commercial filing
22, establishment, change of the capital verification report
23, the previous year's audit report, asset valuation report 24, special audit report on liquidation of assets Description: within the period of the internal audit
25, the financial and accounting system and the relevant Internal control system
Description: including enterprise accounting system, accounting methods, internal management system
26, related party relationships and their transactions, changes in accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and the reasons for the changes
27, the organizational structure of the unit framework
28, shareholders' meetings, the board of directors of the major resolutions and other documents, major litigation, major disciplinary matters, important meeting minutes
28, the shareholders' meeting, the board of directors of the major resolutions and other documents, major litigation, major disciplinary matters, important meeting minutes
Description: during the period of internal audit
29, higher authorities on the handling of business inspections, notification documents
Other information for review
30, other important economic contracts
Description: including leases, loans, guarantee insurance, licensing rights, entrusted management, long-term investment, purchases, sales and proprietary technology
31, engineering contracts, and so on.
31, engineering contract
32, bidding documents
33, general, subcontracting contracts
34, project budgets and final accounts
35, transfer of real estate-related information
Description: a copy of the contract for the sale of commercial real estate, the project construction settlement statements, etc.
36, summary of sales
< p> 37, involving revenue, cost of all contracts7. Simply put, what is the audit in the end
In the most concise language to explain what the audit in the end is to do, that is: to find problems, solve problems. It's generally the company that sets up the auditing position.
Audit is ultimately to express an opinion on the financial statements of the enterprise, then get the financial statements, with eyes staring at the dead, certainly can not find the problem. So there is an audit of the "seven weapons": inquiry, observation, inspection, correspondence, recalculation, re-execution, analysis of the program.
These weapons, alone or in combination, can effectively help us find the problem, and really solve the problem, is our powerful audit adjustment. Audit adjustment process is also a game with the customer process, in fact, the audit is not as many people think, very strong, especially our firm, in the position of a third party, under the banner of providing services to customers, in most cases, or very calm.
There are even some customers who think that we pay for the firm, and if you don't give me a good "service", I can change the firm! In response to this situation, I can only say: harmonious society, you and I *** build. I am not in favor of the accountant to show off, also not in favor of the accountant low voice, even if it is a trainee, in the face of strong customers, I also hope that he showed confidence, serious; even if it is our partners, in the face of some of the very "simple" customers, but also modest and prudent.
Expanding knowledge
Audit as a monitoring mechanism, its practice has a long history, but the definition of the audit is very diverse. Recognized as representative and widely quoted is the American Accounting Association in 1972 in its promulgation of the "Basic Auditing Concepts Bulletin" to give the definition of auditing, that is, "auditing refers to in order to ascertain the degree of consistency between the determination of the relevant economic activities and economic phenomena and the standards established, and objectively collect and assess the evidence, and the results will be communicated to the interested users of the systematic process".