what are the common building sizes? What kind do you have? Please read the article edited by Zhongda Consulting.

1. The height of a door for people to pass through is generally not less than 2m, and no matter how high it is, it should not exceed 2.4m Otherwise, it will feel hollow, and the door leaf production needs special strengthening. If styling, ventilation and lighting are needed, a waist window can be added to the door, the height of which starts from 1.4m, but it should not be too high. The door for vehicles or equipment to pass through should be determined according to the specific situation, and its height should be 1.3～1.5m higher than that of vehicles or equipment, so as to avoid collision with the door frame when the vehicles are bumped or the equipment needs to be transported by the roller. As for the clearance requirements of all kinds of vehicles, we should consult the corresponding specifications.

if it is a large-scale and large-space building such as a stadium and exhibition hall, when it is necessary to set a super-scale door, a conventional size attached door can be added to the door fan so that people can pass when the door does not need to be opened.

nowadays, there are many inspection doors for various equipment tube wells in buildings, which are not often passed through. Therefore, generally, the height of the upper frame is even lower than that of ordinary doors, and there is still a threshold with the same height as the skirting line below, so the clear height need not be limited to 2m or 1.5m.

2. Door width

Generally, the household door is 1.9 ~ 1m, the sub-room door is 1.8 ~ 1.9～1m, the kitchen door is about 1.8m, and the bathroom door is 1.7 ~ 1.8m. Due to the consideration of moving in modern furniture, the upper limit size is adopted at present.

The door width of a public building is generally 1m for a single door and 1.2～1.8m for a double door. If it is wider, the door leaf should be made, and the width of a double door or multiple doors should be 1.6 ~ 1.1m..

the width of the emergency exit for safe evacuation should be set according to the calculation and regulations (relevant fire protection regulations).

the width of doors with pipes for maintenance is generally 1.6m ..

apart from its own width, the door for the passage of motor vehicles or equipment should have a straight gap of 1.3～1.5m on each side.

incidentally, the size of the manhole for maintenance should not be less than 1.6m×1.6m.

window size

1. window height

in general residential buildings, the height of the window is 1.5m, and the height of the window sill is 1.9m, so the top of the window is 2.4m away from the floor, leaving a structural height of 1.4m.. In public buildings, the height of the window sill varies from 1.1 to 1.8m, and the height of the bottom surface of the window sash opening to the public walkway should not be less than 2.1m. As for the height of the window, it is determined according to the requirements of lighting, ventilation, spatial image, etc., but attention should be paid to the problem of excessive stiffness of the window, and if necessary, beams or "splicing" should be added. In addition, when the window sill is lower than 1.8m, protective measures should be taken.

In modern glass curtain walls, the height of the whole glass has exceeded 7.2m, which is beyond the scope of ordinary windows.

2. Window width

Generally, the window width starts from 1.6m, which is wide enough to form a "windowed window". However, attention should be paid to the sound insulation problem of the left and right adjacent rooms and the sliding range of the sliding sash when the windowed window with a wide width is adopted. It should also be noted that the window width of the fully open room will cause glare on the horizontal wall, which is not suitable for classrooms and exhibition rooms.

Aisle

1. The narrowest aisle width

should be the aisle leading to the auxiliary room in the house. According to the Code for Design of Residential Buildings (GBJ96-86), its clear width should not be less than 1.8m This is a "one-way street" and generally only one person is allowed to pass. The code stipulates that the clear width of the corridor leading to the bedroom and living room in the house should not be less than 1.1m, and it is only the size of one person walking straight and the other side giving way. The dimension "should not be less than" is based on the fact that in brick-concrete buildings, with a wall of 1.24m and an aisle with a middle distance of 1.2m, the clearance is only 1.96m, which is less than 1.1m..

The clear width of the outer walkway of high-rise residential buildings and the walkway of public buildings is generally greater than 1.2m to meet the width of two people in parallel. Usually, the distance between the two sides of the wall ranges from 1.5 to 2.4m, and the wider it is, the corridor with other functions, such as recess activities and waiting for medical treatment. As for the crowded corridor of large-scale public buildings, it is necessary to determine its width according to the nature of use and evacuation requirements. What needs to be added is that the length of the corridor, lighting and other factors have a considerable impact on the width of the corridor. Generally, long and dark corridors with rooms or walls on both sides should be appropriately widened or treated by changing the width to avoid long, dark, stuffy and narrow corridors, but they can't be widened without principles, wasting construction area in vain.

2. Corridor height

The clear height of the corridor originally depends on the height of the building, and it is usually not specially considered in the design. Nowadays, the requirements of building equipment are more common than before. Various pipelines such as air pipes, water pipes, electrical and fire fighting use the upper space of the aisle as a "corridor". Besides being used for traffic, the aisle often becomes the carrier of the pipeline, so the problem of clear height of the aisle often appears in front of designers. We divide the total height of the corridor into the following four parts: ① structural height; (2) equipment pipeline height, generally around 1.6m, depending on the cross section of the air duct, layout, and the arrangement of condensate pipe and automatic sprinkler pipe; (3) the structural height of the flat roof, generally 1.15m; (4) clear height, which is the size that designers should carefully grasp, is one of the important factors that determine the height of the floor. As a rule, this clear height should be above 2.2m, especially when there are drooping smoke detectors and spray hoses on the flat roof. In order to avoid human touch, this height is 2.15m higher than that of ordinary people. Nowadays, in order to minimize the story height, the clear height of the walkway is compressed to 2.11m, which is probably the minimum height. By the way, the texture of such a low ceiling must be very fine, otherwise there will be a sense of oppression. In case of such a long walkway, it is necessary to change the width and width from the plane to avoid the pressure head and monotony.

Balcony

Balcony is familiar to everyone, but its railing height should not be less than 1.1m in multi-storey buildings and 1.11 in high-rise buildings. Generally, high-rise buildings try not to have balconies or close them, which involves many problems such as strong wind, heavy rain and falling objects hurting people.

parapet

Generally, the parapet height of multi-storey buildings is 1.1～1.21m, but that of high-rise buildings is at least 1.21m, usually 1.51～1.81m higher than the chest and shoulders or even the head. This is a measure to avoid palpitation and dizziness and danger when overlooking. If you want to make the vision on the flat roof wide, you can add a metal fence above the 1.1m solid wall to ensure safety. It should be noted that when calibrating the height of parapet, the structural height of thermal insulation layer and spillway slope should be deducted, which is often more than 1.3m in high-rise buildings.

In some high-rise buildings, because of the podium, it is also a way to make the parapet higher than 3.1m by setting the cooling tower on the roof or having facilities such as roof tennis courts.

Stairs

Stairs involve a lot of dimensional data. In addition to the well-known tread and kicking surface dimensions, the width of the steps, the width of the rest platform and the clear height of the platform off-line are also clearly defined in the specifications. It is easy to be overlooked that:

1. The height of stair handrail (measured from the front line of step) should not be less than 1.91m; The height of outdoor stair handrail should not be less than 1.15m m.

2. when the width of stairwell is greater than 1.21m, the clearance of vertical bars of handrail should not be greater than 1.11m to prevent children from falling.

3. The clear width of the landing should not be less than the width of the flight, and should not be less than 1.11m at the same time.

4. The stair width is clearly stipulated in the code for residential design. In other buildings, it must meet the requirements of fire evacuation. The width of performance stairs in public buildings is usually large, but attention should be paid to the relationship between the setting of handrails and the width of stairs. That is, at least one side of the stairs should be provided with handrails. When the clear width of the stairs reaches three people, handrails should be provided on both sides, and when it reaches four people, middle handrails should be added.

By the way, here are two problems that often need to be dealt with:

First, the step width of indoor and outdoor steps should not be less than 1.31m, and the step height should not be greater than 1.15m m. Usually, these two parameters are 1.35m and 1.125m m.. It is especially important to note that it is not allowed to set only one step, at least two steps. This is because the height difference between the upper and lower ground of the step is too small, and it is difficult for pedestrians to distinguish the height difference there, lacking mental preparation, and hurting their feet and legs when they step out of the imaginary step.

another problem is that when using the spiral staircase as an evacuation ladder, it must meet the requirement that the tread should be 1.25m away from the inner handrail or the simple wall, and the tread width should not be less than 1.22m, which is clearly stipulated in the fire protection code.

elevators and escalators

The most involved elevator data are hoistway, car, machine room, pit, height of top-floor terminal station, etc. Because of their different specifications and manufacturers, their sizes are different, which should be determined according to the civil installation drawings of elevators provided by manufacturers. However, there is still a limit on the depth of elevator waiting hall to avoid being too small. To put it simply, the depth of the waiting hall of residential elevators should not be less than the car depth of the largest elevator, and the passenger elevator in public buildings should not be less than 1.5 times of the car depth of the largest elevator, and it should not be less than 2.41m when multiple elevators are juxtaposed, and it should not be less than the sum of the car depths of the opposite elevators and should not be greater than 4.51m when multiple elevators are juxtaposed. The provisions of the sickbed elevator are similar to those of the passenger elevator.

in addition, the width of passages, stairs and doors leading to the computer room should not be less than 1.21m, and the gradient of stairs should not be greater than 45 to facilitate the passage of equipment and personnel.

In recent years, escalators have become more and more popular in department stores, cultural and entertainment venues and other public places. In architectural design, in addition to close cooperation with manufacturers, the following data should be mastered:

1. Step width: there are currently three types: 1.6m, 1.8m and 1.1m, and their widths are slightly different depending on manufacturers.

2. Inclination: generally, there are two types: 31 and 35.

3. The width of the stairwell is: single ladder: ladder width+1.6m+2× 1.4m; Double ladder: 2 (ladder width+1.6m)+2× 1.4m; Among them, 1.4m is the safe distance from the ladder side to the shaft entry.

4. the length of stairwell: the story height/tan α+(2.1 ~ 2.9m)+(2.1 ~ 2.3m) is not a small number. α is the step inclination angle.

Bathroom

There are a lot of data about the bathroom, mainly including:

1. The minimum width (m)× depth (m) of the toilet squatting partition is 1.9×1.2 when the door is opened; 1.9×1.4 when the door is opened internally.

2. The toilet interval height should be 1.51～1.81m.

3. The height of shower interval should be 1.81m.

4. The distance between the centers of parallel washbasins should not be less than 1.71m.

5. The clear distance from the outer edge of the unilateral washbasin to the opposite wall should not be less than 1.25m.

6. The clear distance between external treatment of bilateral washbasins should not be less than 1.81m.

7. The clear distance from the long side of the bathtub to the opposite wall should not be less than 1.65m.

8. The center distance of parallel urination should not be less than 1.65m.

9. The clear distance from the single compartment to the opposite wall surface should be not less than 1.11m when the inner door is used and not less than 1.31m when the outer door is used.

11. The clear distance from the single toilet compartment to the opposite urinal for external treatment should not be less than 1.11m when the internal door is used, and not less than 1.31m when the external door is used.

parking lot

with the development of social economy, the parking problem is becoming more and more obvious. There are a lot of data about the parking lot design, and the following are generally necessary to master:

1. Car models and basic dimensions: you should remember the full length, full width and full height dimensions of one or two typical models. Take "Santana" as an example: the length is 4.55m, the width is 1.89m, and the height is 1.41m, but the standard model size chosen in the design should be 4.9m×1.81m×1.61m; Another example is a passenger car, in which a light passenger car (usually called a "van") takes 12-seat Mitsubishi as an example. Its length and width are similar to those of a car, which are 4.39m and 1.69m respectively, but higher, which is l.99m; The length of buses varies greatly, ranging from 7 to 7～12m, while the width quotient is mostly 2.5m and 4.1m. Remember these dimensions and understand their changes, so that there will be no principled problems such as getting in and turning around during design.

In order to facilitate the unified definition of this kind of data, in 1988, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Construction issued the Interim Provisions on the Construction and Management of Parking Lot and the Notice on the Planning and Design Rules of Parking Lot (for Trial Implementation), namely [88] Gong (Traffic Management) Zi No.91 document (hereinafter referred to as the "document"), which contained detailed requirements and regulations.

2. basic dimensions of parking spaces: the basic dimensions of parking spaces vary from country to country, with some differences, and there are also differences in Chinese materials and books. In the design, the provisions of the "document" shall prevail. For example, when parking vertically, the length, width and width of the parking space are 5.3m, 2.5m and 6.1m respectively.

3. the minimum curve radius (m) of the passage: according to the "document", it is 7.1m for small cars, 11.5m for medium-sized cars, 13.1m for large cars and 13.1m for articulated cars.

4. Maximum longitudinal slope (%): It can be divided into straight longitudinal slope and curved longitudinal slope, which are 15 and 12 for small cars, 12 and 11 for medium-sized cars, 11 and 8 for large cars and 8 and 6 for articulated cars. At the same time, in order to ensure that vehicles will not touch the ground when driving on the changing slope, there is often a "gentle slope section". In China, the length of gentle slope is generally 3.6～6.1m, and the slope is half of the longitudinal slope of the ramp. The use of longitudinal slope parking garage mentioned here cannot be confused with the longitudinal slope restriction of urban roads.

underground parking

there are many types of garages, including single-storey, multi-storey and even high-rise ones. At present, there are many car parking garages in the underground of high-rise buildings. This kind of parking garage has specific requirements for it, except for firefighting, transportation, civil air defense and other majors. There are several key data that should be mastered in architectural design:

1. Clear distance between columns: The decision of column network of underground garage should be closely coordinated with parking mode, and vehicles should be parked and driven freely in turn. Taking cars and vans as examples, the clear distance between columns is 5.

2. clear height: the indoor effective height should be the maximum vehicle total height plus 1.5m, but not less than 2.5m .. This is a requirement for single-storey or ground-floor garages, and underground garages can be used for reference.

It is worth noting that underground garages are usually equipped with air ducts, water pipes and hoses with automatic spraying, and the structural height is relatively large, so the clearance size should be ensured in the same way as the control of the clear height of the aisle. Therefore, the height of the underground garage in high-rise buildings is often more than 3.6m, which should be carefully arranged to obtain the best size. This size not only affects the cost, but also has a close relationship with the construction of up and down ramps.

Store

1. Floor height: the ground floor is generally 5.4～6.1m；; The floor is generally 4.5 ~ 2.2m small < P > 2. Column net: to match the characteristics of business behavior, the general column spacing W=2 × (standard shelf width 1.45+ clerk channel width 1.91+ standard counter width 1.61+ shopping customer width 1.45)+ customer walking width 1.61× customer shares

3. Minimum clear width of the channel in ordinary business hall: <

(2) the passage is between two parallel counters: <