1. Basic knowledge of preschool education

Section 1 Kindergarten and kindergarten education 1. Kindergarten 1. The concept of kindergarten is an institution that protects and educates preschool children over three years old and is the basic stage of school education.

2. the nature and position of kindergartens in China; the nature of educational institutions in socialist schools and the position of the first link of the academic system. 3. Tasks of Kindergartens in China: E79FA5E98193E4B 893E5B19E31333337393533 bears dual tasks: First, it carries out all-round development education for children in physical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic aspects, and trains builders and successors for the socialist cause; The second is to provide convenient conditions for parents to work and study with peace of mind.

2. Kindergarten education 1. The concept of education The broad concept of "education" is defined as "social activities" to cultivate people. It has three characteristics: first, it is unique to human society; The second is purposeful and conscious, and the third is to influence people's physical and mental development as a direct purpose.

"education" in a narrow sense refers to school education. There are two characteristics: first, school education is a purposeful, systematic and organized educational activity for the educated according to the requirements of society, so it is also the most controllable.

Second, school education is undertaken by specialized institutions and full-time personnel, and its task is to train people who have obtained admission qualifications. 2. Early childhood education and kindergarten education The broad concept of "early childhood education" refers to education that targets young children.

The narrow concept of "preschool education" refers to kindergarten education. As kindergartens in our country are included in our school system, kindergarten education belongs to the school education system and is an important part of basic education.

Definition of kindergarten education: Kindergarten education is a purposeful, planned and organized social activity undertaken by kindergartens and implemented by full-time preschool teachers according to social requirements to promote their all-round physical and mental development. 3. The position and role of kindergarten education in early childhood education At present, the position of kindergarten education in early childhood education is still the core position, but it is being impacted by other forms of education.

From the development of preschool education, it is a general trend to integrate various forms of education, or to learn from each other and cooperate with each other in various forms of preschool education with kindergartens as the core. Kindergarten education plays two roles in early childhood education: one is radiation, that is, it plays a guiding and exemplary role in various forms of early childhood education and drives its development; The second is to promote the communication between various forms of early childhood education and form a joint force of education.

section 2 nature, objectives and functions of kindergarten education 1. nature of kindergarten education China is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship, which determines the socialist nature of kindergarten education in China and determines that it is an integral part of socialist education in China. Second, the goal of kindergarten education 1. The concept of kindergarten education goal is the concretization of educational goal in kindergarten stage, and it is the specification and requirement of kindergarten talent training.

2. Basis of kindergarten education objectives (1) Social requirements (2) Development needs and possibilities of young children (3) Content of kindergarten education objectives The purpose of education in China is to "cultivate builders and successors of the socialist cause with all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique." In the early childhood, this goal is manifested as "educating children in all aspects of physical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic development, and promoting their harmonious development of body and mind."

this is the educational goal of kindergarten. This goal has two outstanding features: (1) It fully reflects the age characteristics of children.

(2) It has distinctive characteristics of the times. 4. Levels of kindergarten education goals If kindergarten education goals are the highest goals in the kindergarten education goal system, the following can be divided into several levels.

divided by time latitude: the first level: kindergarten education goal; the second level: kindergarten education goal of all age classes; the third level: semester goal; the fourth level: kindergarten education goal of monthly plan or weekly plan; the fifth level: kindergarten education goal of one day's life, or an activity, or a class. Divided by the scope of educational goals: the first level: kindergarten education goals, guiding all kinds of kindergartens at all levels throughout the country.

the second level: guiding the goals of a kindergarten, including the educational goals of all aspects of physical and mental development of children of all ages in the kindergarten. The third level: the goal of guiding a class is the product of the goals of all ages in kindergarten combined with the specific situation of children in this class.

the fourth level: to guide the goal of a unit activity, which can be either a unit of a theme activity or a unit of a teaching material. The fifth level: the goal of guiding an educational activity or a class.

5. Problems that should be paid attention to in realizing the goal of kindergarten education (1) Pay attention to the accuracy of the transformation when the goal is transformed layer by layer, otherwise it will be a thousand miles away. (2) In the process of concretizing the educational objectives and putting them into practice, the principals and teachers should make a good pass and withstand the impact of various social trends of thought and the pressure from society and parents.

(3) Pay attention to children's individual differences in the process of achieving a unified educational goal. Third, the functions of kindergarten education 1. The two major functions of kindergarten education are the function of promoting social development, that is, the external instrumental value of kindergarten education.

the second is the function of promoting the harmonious and all-round development of children, that is, the intrinsic value of early childhood education. 2. The contents of the two functions of kindergarten education: (1) The contents of the function of promoting social development: First, focusing on the long-term goal, in order to improve the quality of the whole Chinese nation, "starting with dolls"; The second is to focus on the short-term goal and serve the popularization of nine-year compulsory education.

(2) the content of the function of promoting children's individual development: it is mainly reflected in the respect and protection of children's rights in kindergarten education, such as children's right to education, learning, development and play, so that every child can reach the development level that can be achieved under its realistic conditions. The development of children mainly includes two aspects. First, focus on the long-term goal of children's lifelong development, cultivate their basic qualities of adapting to the future and lifelong education, especially the important personality qualities that children need in modern society, such as initiative, independence, cooperative spirit and helpfulness, so that they can learn to learn to learn, learn to care, have the ability of self-education, be self-disciplined and live responsibly in society, and become qualified citizens in society in the future.

Second, focus on the short-term goals to help children prepare for primary school, mainly in the necessary social adaptability, learning adaptability, physical fitness and good habits, attitudes and skills.

2. Common sense of life Kindergarten topic

1. When you have just been bitten by mosquitoes, you won't itch when you apply soap;

2. "Wash your hands frequently", a wonderful trick for children to prevent lead

3. Drink vinegar when you burp, and it will get immediate results;

4. When washing your hair or taking a bath, adding five or six drops of toilet water can play a very good role in cooling, sterilizing, removing malnutrition and relieving itching;

5. When the flesh is broken due to trauma, toothpaste is applied to the wound to diminish inflammation, stop bleeding, and then bandaged. As a temporary first-aid medicine, medicinal toothpaste is the most effective;

6. Spraying white vinegar on the cutting board, leaving it for half an hour before washing, can not only sterilize, but also deodorize;

7. The indoor temperature difference of air conditioner should not exceed 5℃, even if the weather is hot again, the indoor temperature of air conditioner should not be below 24℃;

8. In summer, people spend more time in activities, sweat more and consume too much energy, so they should eat more nutritious foods such as chicken, duck, lean meat, fish and eggs to meet the metabolic needs of the human body.

9. neckline washing: sprinkle some salt powder on the neckline, gently rub it, and rinse off the salt with water. Because human sweat contains protein, it cannot be dissolved in water, but can be quickly dissolved in salt.

11, make the toothbrush durable: soak the newly bought toothbrush in hot salt water for about half an hour and take it out, which will make the toothbrush durable.

11. In summer, pillows are easy to get wet and breed mold, so it is good for your health to expose the pillow core frequently.

12. In summer, feet are prone to sweating. Soaking feet with light salt water every day can effectively deal with sweaty feet.

3. What kind of questions do teachers have in compiling exam questions in kindergartens

In 2115, kindergarten teachers compiled exam questions and answers. 1. Fill in the blanks. 1. Kindergarten education is an important part of (basic education) and the foundation stage of school education and lifelong education in China.

2. The content of kindergarten education is comprehensive and enlightening, which can be relatively divided into five fields, such as health, (language), society, science and (art), and can also be divided into other different fields. The contents of various fields permeate each other and promote the development of children's emotions, attitudes, abilities, knowledge and skills from different angles.

3. Kindergarten education should respect children's (personality) and rights, the laws and learning characteristics of children's (physical and mental development), take (games) as the basic activity, pay equal attention to education, pay attention to individual differences, and promote the development of each child's personality. 4. Activities in the field of health should fully respect the laws of children's growth and development, and it is strictly forbidden to conduct competitions, performances or trainings that are harmful to children's health in any name.

5. Managers, (teachers), children and their (parents) are all participants in kindergarten education evaluation. The evaluation process is a process in which all parties participate, support and function together.

6. The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) points out that the process of education evaluation is a process for teachers to examine (educational practice), discover (analyze), study and solve problems with professional knowledge, and it is also an important way for them to grow up. 7. Environment is an important educational resource, and the development of children should be effectively promoted through the (creation) and (utilization) of the environment.

8. The process of (organization) and (implementation) of educational activities is the process of teachers' creative work. 9. Kindergarten language education should create a (free) and (relaxed) language communication environment, support, encourage and attract young children to communicate with (teachers), (peers) or others and experience the fun of (language communication).

11. The organization of educational activities should fully consider children's (learning style) and (characteristics), pay attention to (comprehensiveness) and (fun), and combine education with (life) and (games). 11. The goal of kindergarten social education content: to be able to actively participate in various activities and have (self-confidence); Willing to associate with others, learning to help each other, cooperate and share, with (compassion); Understand and abide by the basic (social behavior) rules in daily life; Can work hard to do what you can, not afraid of difficulties, and have a preliminary sense of responsibility; Love parents, elders, teachers and companions, love the collective, love hometown and love (motherland).

12. Kindergartens should establish a correct concept of health, and attach great importance to children's mental health while attaching importance to their physical health. Kindergartens should provide children with a (healthy) and (rich) living and activity environment to meet their various development needs, so that they can gain (experience) beneficial to their physical and mental development in a happy childhood.

14. The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) points out that it is necessary to arrange and organize a day's life scientifically and reasonably: the time arrangement should be relative (stable) and flexible, which is not only conducive to the formation of order, but also meets the reasonable needs of children, taking care of individual differences; the activities of teachers (direct guidance) should be combined with those of indirect guidance to ensure that children have appropriate (independent choice) and (free activities every day. The group activities directly directed by teachers should ensure the active participation of children and avoid the hidden waste of time; Minimize unnecessary collective actions and (transitional links), and reduce and eliminate (passive waiting) phenomena; Establish good routines, avoid unnecessary management behaviors, and gradually guide children to learn (self-management).

15. Education in the social field has the characteristics of (subtle). 16. Guide children to be interested in phenomena such as (number), (quantity), (shape), (time) and (space) in the surrounding environment, construct a preliminary concept of number, and learn to solve some simple problems in (life) and (game) with simple mathematical methods.

17. Family is an important partner of kindergarten. We should strive for parents' understanding, (support) and (active participation) based on the principles of respect, (equality) and (cooperation), and actively support and help parents improve their educational ability.

2. Short answer questions 1. Briefly describe which aspects should be emphasized in the evaluation of kindergarten education? Reference answer: (1) Whether the educational plan and the goal of educational activities are based on understanding the current situation of children in this class. (2) Whether the contents, methods, strategies and environmental conditions of education can arouse children's enthusiasm for learning.

(3) whether the educational process can provide beneficial learning experience for children and meet their development needs. (4) Whether the content and requirements of education can take into account the needs of groups and individual differences, so that every child can develop and feel successful.

(5) Whether the teacher's guidance is conducive to children's active and effective learning. 2. It is pointed out in the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) that the selection of educational activities should follow the relevant provisions in the second part of this Outline, and what principles should be embodied at the same time? Reference answer: (1) It is not only suitable for the existing level of children, but also challenging.

(2) It not only meets the practical needs of children, but also benefits their long-term development. (3) It is not only close to children's life to choose things and problems that children are interested in, but also conducive to expanding children's experience and vision.

3. What aspects should we pay attention to in the evaluation of children's development? Reference answer: (1) The purpose of clear evaluation is to understand the development needs of young children in order to provide more appropriate help and guidance. (two) a comprehensive understanding of the development of children, to prevent one-sidedness, especially to avoid the tendency to focus only on knowledge and skills, ignoring emotional, social and practical ability.

(3) adopt natural methods in daily activities and education and teaching. It is an important basis for evaluation to observe the typical behavior performance of children and the accumulated works in peacetime.

(4) Recognize and pay attention to the individual differences of children, avoid using uniform standards to evaluate different children, and carefully use horizontal comparison in front of children. (5) Looking at children from a developmental perspective, we should not only understand the current level, but also pay attention to the speed, characteristics and tendencies of their development.

4. Briefly describe the principles of kindergarten education. Reference answer: Physical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic education should permeate each other and be organically combined.

Follow the law of children's physical and mental development, conform to children's age characteristics, and pay attention to individuals.

4. Introduce some children's knowledge

The Encyclopedia of Children's Knowledge (set of 4 volumes * * *) strives to be close to children's life, interests, reading needs and reading habits in terms of theme selection, content arrangement, illustration design and language expression.

The combination of hand-painted realistic pictures with easy-to-understand text description makes the original abstruse and abstract science more situational, informative and interesting, so that children can not only master and understand some basic knowledge, but also inspire their interest in loving and learning science. Children's curiosity is always one thing after another, for the sake of