The whole poem of the shepherd boy pointing to Xinghua Village is as follows:
During the Qingming Festival, there are many rains, and pedestrians on the road want to die.
excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy laughed and did not answer the apricot mountain village.
Introduction to the Works
Qingming is a poem by Du Mu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty.
This poem, written in a clear spring rain, has always been widely read because of its light color and bleak mood. The first sentence explains the scene, environment and atmosphere; The second sentence writes the characters, showing the characters' sorrowful and confused state of mind; The third sentence puts forward how to get rid of this state of mind; The fourth sentence, writing answers with actions, is the highlight of the whole article. The whole poem uses the technique from low to high, gradually rising, and the climax is placed at the end, and the aftertaste is fascinating and intriguing.
The original work
Qingming Festival
During the Qingming Festival, there are many rains, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls.
excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy laughed and did not answer the apricot mountain village.
Notes to the works
(1) Qingming Festival: one of the 24 solar terms, which is around April 5th in the solar calendar. On the day of the old custom, there were activities such as sweeping graves, hiking and inserting willows. In the palace, the day is the swing festival, and swings are placed in the Kunning Palace and the harem, and concubines do the swing play.
(2) There are many descriptions.
(3) Desiring to break the soul: It describes deep sadness, as if the soul were to be separated from the body. Soul-broken: look sad and unhappy. These two sentences mean that during the Qingming period, the rain continued, fluttering and falling; In such weather and such a festival, pedestrians on the road are depressed and distracted.
(4) excuse me: excuse me.
(5) Xinghua Village: a village deep in apricot flowers. Today is outside Xiushan Gate in Guichi, Anhui Province. Influenced by this poem, later generations often use "Xinghua Village" as the hotel name.
Translation of Works
During the Qingming Festival in the south of the Yangtze River, drizzles are falling in succession, and all the travelers on the road are down and out.
may I ask local people where to buy wine to drown their sorrows? The shepherd boy just laughed and pointed to Xinghuashan Village.
Creation background
This poem first appeared in the Splendid Flower Valley in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, and then appeared in Selected Poems of a Thousand Scholars in Tang and Song Dynasties, Poems of a Thousand Families by Xie Fangde in Ming Dynasty, and Poems of Imperial Selection by Kangxi in Qing Dynasty. "Jiangnan Tongzhi" contains: When Du Mu was the secretariat of Chizhou, he had been to Xinghua Village to drink, which is what the poem refers to. There are scenic spots such as Duhu Lake and Southeast Lake nearby.
Appreciation of works
This day is the Qingming Festival. Du Mu, a poet, happened to be caught in the rain in the middle of his journey.
Qingming, although it is a season of bright green flowers and bright spring, is also a period when the climate is prone to change, and it often catches up with "noisy weather". As far back as the Liang Dynasty, it was recorded that there was often a "high wind and even rain" during the Cold Food Festival two days before the Qingming Festival. If it is raining on Qingming Day, there is also a special name called "Pouring Fire Rain". It was such a day that the poet Du Mu met.
The poet used the word "one after another" to describe the "throwing fire and rain" that day, which was really wonderful. "One after another", if it is described as snow, it should be heavy snow. The so-called "one after another, a heavy snow has fallen". But when it comes to rain, the situation is just the opposite. What makes people feel "one after another" is not heavy rain, but drizzle. This drizzle is exactly the characteristic of spring rain. There are many drizzles, which are the kind of rain that is "like a crisp rain in the sky". It is different from the torrential rain in summer, and it is by no means the same as the intermittent autumn rain. This "rain after rain" is grasping the spirit of "throwing fire and rain" in Qingming Festival, and conveying the sad and beautiful realm of "being a cold deceiver and trapping smoke in willows".
There is no doubt that this "one after another" is here to describe the artistic conception of the spring rain; But it is more than that. It also has a special function, that is, it actually describes the mood of the traveler in the rain.
The following sentence: "Pedestrians on the road want to kill their souls". "Pedestrians" are people who travel away from home. "Pedestrians" do not mean "tourists", not those who have a spring outing. "Soul" is not the soul of "three souls and seven spirits". In poetry, "soul" refers to mostly spiritual and emotional things. "Soul-breaking" means trying to describe the deep hidden feelings that are very strong, but they are not clearly expressed outside, such as love for acacia, disappointment, dark sorrow and deep hatred. When a poet has such emotions, he often likes to use the word "broken soul" to express his mood.
The Qingming Festival, in the ancient sense, is not exactly the same as today's concept of it. At that time, Tomb-Sweeping Day was a big festival with rich colors and emotional appeal. It was supposed to be family reunion, or sightseeing, or visiting graves, which was the main etiquette custom. In addition to those childe Wang Sun and others who are greedy for flowers and wine, some thoughtful poets, especially those with rich feelings, have quite complicated tastes in their hearts. If you catch up with the lonely road again and feel sad, it will be easier to provoke his heart. It happened that it caught up with the drizzle one after another, and the spring shirt was all wet, which added another layer of sadness to pedestrians. In this way, we can understand why the poet wrote the word "broken soul" at this juncture; Otherwise, a little light rain is worth "soul-breaking", which is too unreasonable.
let's go back to the word "one after another". Originally, people who travel during the festive season already have a lot of worries. In addition, they are scattered in the rain and wind, and they are walking in the rain, which makes their mood even more sorrowful. Therefore, they all describe spring rain, but they can also describe emotions; It may even be said that the description of spring rain is to describe emotions. This is a unique skill and a kind of scenery in China's classical poems.
the first two sentences explain the situation, and the problem has also occurred. We need to find a solution. Pedestrians can't help thinking at this moment: where to find a small hotel. The matter is very clear: when you find a small hotel, you will rest your feet and avoid the rain; Second, drink three cups to relieve the cold of spring in the cold, and warm the clothes wet by the rain; The most important thing is, it can also disperse my sadness. So, ask someone for directions.
In the third sentence, the poet didn't say who he asked for directions. The mystery lies in the fourth sentence: "The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village". Grammatically speaking, "shepherd boy" is the subject of this sentence, but it is also the object of the previous sentence "excuse me"-it complements the two sides of the previous question and answer. Whether the shepherd boy answered is unknown, but taking "action" as the answer is more vivid and powerful than the answer. For example, in the play "Cowboy", when someone asked the shepherd boy for directions, he pointed his hand and said, "Follow my hand!" It is even the answer with the action-that is, even the "music" with the "picture", both of which make the viewer enjoy beauty at the same time; Now the poet's technique is simpler and more superb: he only gives the reader "pictures" and omits "music".
"Yao" literally means far. But we must not stick to the literal meaning everywhere, thinking that Xinghua Village must be a long way from here. This finger has made the reader feel as if he had seen the end of a red apricot, and clearly picked out a wine curtain-"Wine Hope". If it's really far away, it's difficult to have artistic connection. If it's really in front of us, it's lost its endless interest: the beauty lies in not far away. In the Grand View Garden in A Dream of Red Mansions, there is a place named "Apricot Curtain in Sight" by Jingzi, and the expression of "In Sight" comes from this experience, which is just a footnote for Du Lang's sentence. The shepherd boy in "Little Cowherd" also said, "I'm here, pointing with my hand, ... there are several families on the high slope in front of me, and there is a big sign hanging on the willow tree", and then he called the female guest "You want to eat good wine in Xinghua Village", which is also from here. "Xinghua Village" is not necessarily the real village name, nor does it necessarily refer to the restaurant. It only needs to be explained that it is enough to point to this beautiful village deep in apricot blossoms. It goes without saying that there is a small hotel waiting to receive guests walking in the rain.
not only that. In real life, asking the way is only a means, the purpose is to really rush to the hotel and drink wine, which is the same thing. In the poem, it is not necessary. It just writes "pointing to Xinghua Village" and comes to an abrupt end without a word. The rest, how pedestrians are glad to hear the news, how to step forward, how to find the hotel with excitement, and how to be gratified to get the satisfaction and satisfaction of shelter from rain and sorrow ... These poets can "ignore". He left all this behind, leaving it to the reader's imagination, and let the reader seek to understand it. He only introduces the reader to the realm of a poem, but he is not responsible for guiding the panorama; On the other hand, he opened up a much broader imagination for readers than the Chinese words in the poems showed. This is the "inexhaustible" of art.
This is the common enjoyment of poets and readers, this is art, and this is also the place where China's classical poems are particularly good at playing. The ancients once said that a good poem can "look like a scene that is difficult to write, as at present;" The inexhaustible meaning lies in the words. " Take this poem "Qingming Festival" as an example, in a certain sense, it is well-deserved.
This little poem, without any difficult words or allusions, is written in a very popular language, with no traces of management. The syllables are very harmonious and complete, the scene is very fresh and vivid, and the realm is beautiful and interesting. Poetry is also natural in terms of style, and it is written in order. The first sentence explains the scene, environment and atmosphere, which is "up"; The second sentence is "Cheng", which describes the characters and shows their sad and confused state of mind. The third sentence is a "turn", but it also puts forward how to get rid of this state of mind; And this directly forced out the fourth sentence, which became the highlight of the whole article-"He". In art, this is a technique from low to high, gradually rising, and the climax is placed at the end. The so-called climax is not an unobstructed view, but an intriguing aftertaste. These are the brilliant points of the poet, which is worth learning and inheriting by future generations.
Comments by famous artists
Poems of a Thousand Families: This poem was written on a clear day in the rain. Tourists get wet in the rain, and they get tired and lose. Being distracted, I thought about going to the restaurant for a while and failed. Therefore, when I saw the shepherd boy and went to the restaurant, I looked at the depths of apricot flowers and indicated it.
Author's brief introduction
Du Mu (813- 852 AD) was born in Mu Zhi, Fan Chuan, Han nationality, and was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). Du Mu was an outstanding poet and essayist in Tang Dynasty, the grandson of Prime Minister Du You and the son of Du Congyu. Tang Wenzong Yamato was a 26-year-old scholar in the second year, and was awarded the post of Hong Wen Pavilion. Later, he went to Jiangxi to observe the envoy's curtain, turned to Huainan to observe the envoy's curtain, and entered the observation envoy's curtain. He was edited by the National History Museum, and served as a member of the Food Department, Bibi Department and Si Xun, and a secretariat of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Muzhou.
Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan". Du Mu's poetry is famous for its seven-character quatrains, and its content is mainly about chanting history and expressing feelings. His poetry is handsome and handsome, and he cuts through the worldly things. He achieved great success in the late Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu and "Da Du". Also known as "Little Li Du" with Li Shangyin.