The reporter of Times Chinese businessmen learned that different types of suppliers have different import requirements, which are generally divided into manufacturing and trade. Compared with traders, the introduction process of manufacturers is relatively complicated. However, whether it is a manufacturer or a trader, the management of suppliers will generally go through three stages: potential suppliers, qualified suppliers and strategic suppliers, but there are differences in the definition of suppliers in different States.

in manufacturing enterprises, the general way to confirm qualified suppliers is: qualified samples are verified+suppliers are inspected and approved. Before being confirmed as a qualified supplier, the identity of the supplier belongs to the potential supplier. In addition to sample verification, there are more or less differences in the details of each company's supplier audit, but they are basically based on industry standards and combined with the actual situation of the company to conduct corresponding audits on the main assessment modules. For example, quality standards usually refer to 16949, and the automobile industry will also refer to VDA6.3.

the determination of samples is generally determined by the R&D department or specialized technology. If the usability of the product cannot be determined by simple inspection, the R&D engineer, SQE, QC and process engineer will organize a type test together to preliminarily judge the performance of the product. Different companies, different organizations and specific participants will also be adjusted according to the actual situation. Because of the characteristics of their own products, departmental companies will organize two types of tests at the same time as required, not only for basic parameters, but also for actual performance. However, some tests take a long time, and the company will shorten the test cycle and do short-term verification depending on the performance of specific products.

in order to ensure the stability of product performance, some companies are more strict with the stability of qualified suppliers. For example, as long as new products are involved, they will be required to have a full inspection in the first three months or before a certain amount of supply. At the same time, they will also arrange for quality and process tracking, and even the use of clients will be arranged for marketing or sales personnel to track them. Only when the qualified rate reaches the level required by the company can they be defined as qualified suppliers of a certain type of materials. The main modules of supplier assessment system include: quality, technology and procurement. In a company with a perfect supplier management system, there will be a corresponding scoring form for each module. After on-site assessment, the scoring scores of each module will be integrated to evaluate whether the supplier can enter the supply system as a qualified supplier.

how to manage suppliers who have not become qualified suppliers?

before a supplier becomes a qualified supplier, the supplier belongs to a potential supplier. Most companies neglect the management of potential suppliers because of energy problems or systems that are not involved, and the company does not have too many requirements. Some companies have a limit on the number of samples sent by potential suppliers, which can't exceed 3 times at most. If they are still unqualified, they will directly become reserve suppliers, but they will not continue to invest too much energy and time management. For the management of potential suppliers, most of the time it stays in the form stage, and a form is established to record the basic information such as supplier name, contact person, contact information, and types of materials to be supplied for future reference. If you do a little better, you will manage the supplier information with files, and make a summary of the supplier company profile, product profile, or relevant qualification certificates, industry performance tables, etc.

composition of supplier assessors

for supplier assessment, most companies are generally composed of members from three departments: procurement, quality and technology. Whether the participants in each department are fixed or not generally depends on the actual situation of the company. If the company has more business and more detailed functions, it will fix the full-time staff in each department. However, the degree of refinement is relatively low, and the department's business operations are relatively flexible. Generally, they are arranged according to the actual work tasks of personnel in various departments at the time of assessment. Of course, we can entrust a third party to assess the suppliers that we are unable to determine internally.

supplier introduction evaluation criteria

the supplier evaluation results are comprehensively determined according to the joint inspection by the evaluation team, which are generally divided into three types: qualified, unqualified and standby. The qualified scores of each module are determined according to the composition of the actual assessment content and judgment criteria of the company. Generally, each module can be regarded as a qualified supplier when it reaches the single evaluation line. However, in the actual allocation of order quotas, high scores will be given priority according to the level of scores. The supplier audit form is in the company, no matter what kind of suppliers are generally common, but the items and contents of evaluation will be determined according to the supplier category. For example, for manufacturers, especially Class A material manufacturers, every item will be as detailed as possible during the evaluation, even including the financial risk resistance of suppliers. For trade suppliers, there are relatively few, such as the evaluation of qualifications and other projects. The formulation of evaluation standards is usually drafted and formulated by professionals from various departments who participate in the assessment, and determined after being reviewed by department heads. Finally, the evaluation standards of various departments are integrated into a supplier evaluation system. The operating modes of companies are different, and some companies will also designate a department or a position to be responsible for making special system documents, such as the system department, such as SQE professionals. For enterprises with relatively perfect management system and high standards, the specific update time is related to the market update cycle of products and the enterprise's own product update ability.

supplier performance appraisal

supplier performance appraisal is an essential link to ensure the competitiveness of resources. Through regular assessment, we can comprehensively understand the supplier's supply status, so as to adjust the supply priority framework in time and achieve the goal of optimal overall performance of supply chain management. Supplier introduction standard is a pre-assessment of supplier's ability, while regular supplier performance assessment is the embodiment of supplier's real supply ability. Performance appraisal mainly includes three aspects: price, quality and cycle. The price is generally based on the buyer's self-cost analysis to judge the premium level of suppliers; Quality usually corresponds to the product qualification rate in the cycle; The service is mainly considered from the on-time delivery rate of products, the timely handling rate of defective products, the degree of abnormal handling and cooperation, and even the participation in early research and development. Because the quasi-delivery rate of products is more important in all business operations, most companies will also set the quasi-delivery rate as a separate assessment standard. The setting ratio of the score is usually price: quality: delivery: service = 3: 3: 3: 1. The full score is usually set to 111, and 81 is the qualified benchmark. Each item is scored independently and evaluated comprehensively based on the principle of equal share. In a word, both supplier introduction and supplier performance evaluation are key links related to the operation level of suppliers in the company's internal supply chain. As an operation department in the supply chain, it is necessary to do its own job and shoulder the responsibility of supervising suppliers. "Thinking, exploring and turning knowledge into your own strength is the foundation of success. Here is the online reading column of supply chain, with a knowledge point and a brainstorming every day, waiting for you to discuss!

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