2, the highest level can be called the world model of culinary art.

3, all use boiling, stir-frying, frying, deep-frying, stewing, simmering, baking and other cooking methods for cooking.

4, all like to use a variety of wine for cooking.

5, are more concerned about the cooking fire and temperature control.

6, all have Chinese and Western banquet dishes as well as genres.

7, there are cold dishes, hot dishes.

8, all have their own different regions, different ethnic groups, different dining culture and historical and cultural snacks.

Differences: 1. Differences and similarities in dietary practices:

The traditional dietary practices of the Chinese people are based on plant-based ingredients. The staple food is grains and cereals, and the supplementary food is vegetables, plus a small amount of meat. The main reason for this custom is that China has agricultural production as its main mode of economic production. The predominance of hot, cooked food is also a major feature of Chinese dietary practices. This is related to the early enlightenment of Chinese civilization and the development of cooking technology. Ancient Chinese people believe that: "the water is fishy, meat is bashful, grass food is stinky." Hot food, cooked food can be "fishy to remove shame in addition to dank" ("Lu Shi Chunqiu" this flavor ").

Westerners have inherited the cultural lineage of nomadic, seafaring people, mainly fishing, hunting and farming, supplemented by gathering and planting, more meat, food, clothing, and use are taken from animals. Westerners in the introduction of their own country's dietary characteristics, feel more than China to pay more attention to the rational mix of nutrition, although the taste of the same, but to save time, and good nutrition, so their country's people are generally more robust than the Chinese body: tall, long legs, broad shoulders, well-developed muscles; while the Chinese people appear to be thin, narrow shoulders, short legs, yellow color and texture of the weak. Of course, it makes no sense for Westerners to use the differences between Chinese and Western foods to determine the nutritional superiority of the two diets.

Some people, based on the obvious difference between Chinese and Western dietary objects, refer to Chinese people as plant characters and Westerners as animal characters.

2. Differences and similarities of dietary concepts:

Chinese is a beautiful dietary concept. The key to the unique charm of Chinese food lies in its flavor. And the production of delicious, lies in the harmonization, to make the food of the original flavor, after heating the cooked flavor, together with the ingredients and auxiliary ingredients of the flavor and seasoning of the flavor of the harmony, intertwined and fusion and coordination together, so that they complement each other, mutual assistance, penetration, water and milk blending, you have me, I have you. Chinese cooking emphasizes the beauty of harmony, which is the essence of Chinese culinary art. The shape and color of the dishes is something external, but the taste is something internal, heavy internal and not deliberately modify the appearance, heavy dishes taste but not too much to show the shape and color of the dishes, which is the most important performance of the Chinese beauty of the concept of food.

Compared with the flavor of Chinese food, Western food is a rational concept of food. Western cooking emphasizes nutrition and ignores flavor. They eat with cold drinks, chilled cold wine and then add ice, and the surface of the tongue all over the taste nerves after the chilled, will be a great loss of taste sensitivity, and gradually can not discern the flavor; that with the blood of the steak and white fish, white meat, raw vegetables, although rich in nutrients, but there is no "taste". All these reflect the neglect of the Western sense of taste.

3. Differences and similarities in eating styles:

In terms of eating styles, the Chinese also have their own characteristics, which is the polyvalent food system. Gathering of food system originated very early, from many underground cultural relics of the excavation can be seen, the ancient cooking room and gathering place is unified, cooking room in the center of the house, on the skylight out of the smoke, under the bonfire, cooking on the fire, on the fire around the food gather food. This ancient custom of gathering food has been extended to later generations. The long-standing tradition of gathering and eating is a reflection of the importance China attaches to blood relations and the concept of family and home in the way of eating.

The most obvious difference from the Chinese way of eating is the buffet, which is popular in the West. This method is to display all the food one by one, we all take what you need, do not have to be fixed in the seat to eat, walk around freely, this way to facilitate the exchange of emotions between individuals, but also shows the Westerners on the personality, respect for the self. But each eat each, do not disturb each other, the lack of Chinese people chat happy **** happy mood.

4. Differences and similarities in eating utensils:

A major feature of Chinese eating customs is the use of chopsticks. Chopsticks, called chopsticks in ancient times, have a long history in China. In the Book of Rites, it was said, "The rice and millet were not served with chopsticks." This shows that chopsticks have been used for eating at least since the Yin Shang era. In fact, the origin of chopsticks in the Oriental countries is mostly from China. The invention of chopsticks by Chinese ancestors is indeed a great contribution to human civilization.

Westerners, on the other hand, use a knife and fork as their main eating utensils, holding the fork in their left hand and the knife in their right hand to cut the food and then put it into their mouths with the fork.

In comparison, the Chinese diet tends to be artistic, and therefore focuses on the external performance of dishes from color, aroma, and taste; the Western diet does not have such a deep cultural heritage as China's, and therefore does not focus on its artistry, but more from the nutritional point of view to consider the structure of the dishes and food ingredients.

In short, Chinese and Western cuisines can be described as complex and simple, respectively.

Research II: A Comparative Study of Chinese and Western Festivals

Chinese and Western festivals are colorful and have their own unique historical background and cultural connotations, and there are a lot of interesting or beautiful legends and stories behind each festival. Although most of the festivals nowadays have lost their original significance, as a kind of traditional festival with national characteristics and continuing to this day, students should be allowed to have an understanding of their traditions and origins.

(a)

Chinese and Western food serving procedures

Meals should be served in the following order: cold dishes, beverages and wine first, followed by hot dishes, then the main course, and finally the sweet points and fruits. When there are many tables at a banquet, each dish at each table should be served at the same time.

There are several ways to serve food: one is to bring a large plate of food, from each person to take; the second is by the waiter holding the plate one by one for each person to share; the third is to use a small plate, each person a share.　　

Western food serving program is usually: bread and butter → cold dishes → soup bucket seafood → main course → sweet snacks → coffee and fruit. Cold appetizers and soups are eaten with bread at the same time. Cold dishes are also called appetizers, as the first course, usually with an aperitif and. Soups are divided into macerated soups and cream soups. Main courses include fish, pork, beef and chicken. Desserts often include ice cream and pudding. Then comes coffee or black tea. As for fruit, it can be served or not.

(B) the difference between Western and Chinese food eating

． Western food eating method of eating bread and butter, usually small round bread and bun strips

Take their own bread and butter, and then use their hands to break the bread into several small pieces, wipe a piece, eat a piece.　

For sandwiches, smaller sandwiches and toast are eaten by hand, larger ones are cut before eating. Hot sandwiches eaten with marinara sauce require a knife and fork.

2. Western food eating method of eating meat

Westerners eat meat (referring to lamb chops, steak, pork chops, etc.) are generally large pieces. When eating, use a knife or fork to cut the meat into small pieces, just the right size for a bite. Eat a piece, cut a piece, do not cut all at once, and never use a fork to clip the whole piece of meat to the mouth, while biting, chewing and swallowing.　　

On the occasion of eating beef (steak), as you can decide the degree of raw and cooked according to your own preferences, when booking, the waiter or host will ask you the degree of raw and cooked.　　

When eating meat with bones, such as chicken, don't just "do it", use a fork to fix the whole piece of meat (you can turn the fork upwards and press the back of the fork against the meat), then insert a knife along the bone to cut the meat, and eat it as you cut. If the bone is very small, you can put it in your mouth with the fork, separate the meat from the bone in your mouth, then cover your mouth with a napkin, spit it out onto the fork and put it on a plate. However, for meat that requires direct "hands-on" handling, the hand sanitizer will often be served at the same time as the meat. Be sure to wipe your hands and mouth with a napkin from time to time.　　

Don't turn the fish over when you eat it, use a knife and fork to pick off the bones after eating the top layer and then eat the bottom layer.　

3. Eating salad in Western food

In Western food, salad is often found in such occasions: as a side dish of the main course, such as vegetable salad, which is common; as a spacing dish, such as between the main course and dessert; as the first course, such as chicken salad.　

Use a salad fork if the salad is served on a large plate. If it is served with an entree use an entree fork to eat it.　

If the salad is a spacer dish it is usually served with cheese, nachos, etc. Take one or two slices of bread and place them on your salad plate, then take two or three slices of nachos. The cheese and salad should be eaten with a fork, while the nachos can be eaten with your hands.　

If the entree salad comes with dressing, pour the dressing over a portion of the salad first and add more dressing after you finish that portion. Add until you reach the lettuce leaf portion at the bottom of the bowl so that pouring the dressing is easy.　　

The customary way to eat a salad should be to cut a large lettuce leaf into small pieces with a fork, or if it's not easy to cut you can use a knife and fork. Cut one piece at a time, and cut again after eating.　　

4. Western food eating method of drinking soup

Don't slurp when drinking soup, eat to shut up and chew. Do not lick your lips or smack your lips to make a sound. Even if the soup is hot, do not blow with your mouth. Use a spoon to ladle from the inside out. When you are almost finished with the soup in the soup plate, you can use your left hand to slightly tip the outside of the plate and just use the spoon to scoop up the soup. When you're done, leave the spoon in the dish with the handle pointing towards you.　　

5. Western-style eating of oysters and clams

Eat oysters and clams with the left hand to pinch the shell, the right hand with an oyster fork to take out the oyster meat, dipped in seasoning with an oyster fork to eat. The mixture of small shrimp and crab can also be dipped in seasoning separately and eaten with an oyster fork.　

6. Western food eating method of pasta

Eat pasta, to use a fork to slowly roll up the pasta, each roll four or five of the most convenient. You can also use the spoon and fork to eat together, the spoon can help the fork to control the slippery noodles. You can't suck directly through your mouth, or you'll easily splash juice everywhere.　

7. How to Eat Western Fruit

In many countries, fruit is served as or with dessert. Usually many fruits are mixed together to make a fruit salad or a fruit platter.　

The key to eating fruit is how to remove the core. You can't take the whole thing and bite into it. If you have a knife and fork, you should use it carefully, cutting it into quarters with the knife before removing the skin and core, and eating it with the fork. Be careful not to spill the juice. When you don't have a knife or fork, use your two fingers to gently take the kernel out of your mouth and place it on the side of the fruit plate. It is very rude to spit the kernel right out of your mouth.　　

8. Western fast food and snacks

Hamburgers and hot dogs are eaten with the hands, but be sure to use a napkin to pad, so that the sauce flows to the napkin, not to your hands or clothes. As a precaution, hold the napkin pad in one hand and have a napkin or two on standby in the other.　

Pizza can be served by holding the slice in your hand and turning the outside edge inward to keep the toppings from falling out. But you don't see pizza on the table at a typical dinner party.　　

Corn tortillas are a popular food to eat with your hands. They can be eaten after dipping them in a mixture of sauces such as sweet peas or ketchup.　

Fried foods and chips can be eaten with your hands or with a fork. If you're outdoors, you can certainly eat them with your hands.　

(c)

In China, as soon as you enter a restaurant, you will see huge clear glass fish tanks with fish for cooking. Westerners, especially Americans, have never seen such a display in a restaurant, and think of it as looking at pets in their own country's pet store. Therefore, it is very uncomfortable for us to learn that these animals will eventually be eaten in our mouths. In China, restaurants display these animals to reassure customers that the food is fresh; but in the West, guests only know if a dish is fresh or not once they taste it.

It is also very strange to see a table that rotates, as is common in China. In the West, we don't share things with other people unless we're at home, and it's not social etiquette to take someone else's order at a restaurant table. We only order our favorite dish and place it in front of us. Chinese cutlery is also a headache for Westerners, and we are repeatedly frustrated when Chinese people use chopsticks flexibly to pick up food.

The serving of food was an even more eye-opening moment for us. We were amazed by the dishes that came to the table, whether they were meat or vegetarian. We never expected them to be served in the form of animals. When cooking, Western chefs remove the bones and select the most appropriate or tasty parts of the dish. The dish is then garnished with a variety of condiments, spices and vegetables to give it the appearance of a work of art. In China, when we order a chicken dish, what we get is a whole chicken with its head and feet - its head cut off and its beak wide open, as if to salute the guest seated at the head of the chicken. Chinese cooks are good at dedicating whole chickens to their guests, without wasting any. We, on the other hand, had to remove the chicken bones ourselves. Chicken feet are said to be a delicacy in southern China, but we've never had them, and all the ones I've ever seen are still growing on live chickens. And now they were on the plate in front of me.

China has now embraced more and more Western culture, and the traditional Eastern food culture has undergone some subtle changes. The same is true in the West, and there are just as many Chinese restaurants in the United States. The distance between East and West is now only a 13-hour flight from New York to Beijing, or even, just a click of the mouse.