It is located in Ansai District, Yan 'an City, Shaanxi Province.
Ansai District used to be Baidi District. Since Qin and Han Dynasties, Gaonu County was set up, and Jinming County was set up in the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties. Ansai Fort was set up in the Song Dynasty, and the county was established in the year of Chunyou Renzi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1252). It has been more than 751 years since then.
Ansai is located in the hinterland of the northwest inland Loess Plateau, on the edge of Ordos Basin, in the north of Shaanxi Province, due north of Yan 'an City, bordering Zhidan County in the west, Jingbian County in Yulin City in the north, Zichang County in the east, and Ganquan County and Baota District in the south, with an east longitude of 118 5 ′ 44 ″ to 119 26 ′ 18 ″ and a north latitude of 36 31 ′ 45 ″.
The straight-line distance between the north and south of the county is 92km, and the straight-line distance between the east and the west is 36km, with a total land area of 2,951km2, accounting for 8.14% of the total area of Yan 'an, of which 1.164 million mu is cultivated land, 95% of which belongs to mountainous areas. The county has jurisdiction over 7 towns, 5 townships, 1 sub-district offices, 211 village committees and 1118 villagers' groups, with a total population of 164,411, including agricultural population of 128,911. The population density is 55 people/km2.
administrative divisions
Ansai county governs 7 towns and 5 townships: Zhenwudong Town, Zhuanyaowan Town, Yanhewan Town, Zhaoan Town, Huaziping Town, Pingqiao Town, Jianhua Town, Gao Qiao Township, Louping Township, Wangyao Township, Sickle Bay Township and Wangjiawan Township.
Ansai population
The total population is 164,411, of which the agricultural population is 128,911. The population density is 55 people/km2.
according to the data of the fifth census, the total population of the county is 161771. Population of each township (person):
Brick Yaowan Town 5766 Yanhewan Town 15245 Zhaoan Town 12598 Zhenwudong Town 13418 Huaziping Town 12191 Pingqiao Town 12153 Xihekou Township 6413 Gao Qiao Township 6759 Louping Township 6193 Wangyao Township 11525 Tanjiaying Township 6883 Sickle Bay Township 8755 Haojiaping Township 11815 Wangjiawan Township. 6111 Zhenwudong Street 25178
Ethnic Status
According to the census in p>1982, there are 121597 people in the county, including 121585 Han people, 4 Hui people, 1 Mongolian people and 7 Manchu people. Except for the Hui nationality, the residents of ethnic minorities in this county still maintain their national beliefs and customs, and the living habits of other ethnic minorities are basically the same as those of the Han nationality, and they also marry with the Han nationality.
topography and geomorphology
Ansai is complex and diverse, with criss-crossing gullies, long and narrow channels, and many ridges and headlands. From south to north, it is characterized by ridges, headlands, collapses, bays, flats and rivers, with high mountains, steep slopes and deep gullies. There are 4 rivers in the county, and the gully density is 47,111/km2. The highest elevation is 1731.1m (Gaomao Mountain, Lianfuwan Township), the lowest elevation is 1112m (Luojiagou, Yanhewan Town), and the average elevation is 1371.9m..
the county seat is 1161m above sea level. The terrain is inclined from northwest to southeast except that Wangjiawan Township is high in the south and low in the north. The main hills are Gaomao Mountain, Masayuki Mountain, Baizhu Mountain, Tianze Mountain, Yuhuangmiao Mountain and Shenling Mountain.
climatic characteristics
Ansai's climate belongs to mid-temperate continental semi-arid monsoon climate, with different seasons and distinct wet and dry. In spring, the climate picks up quickly, with heavy wind and sand, less rainfall, frost and spring drought; Summer is warm, with summer drought, heavy rain, hail and gust of wind; It is cool in autumn, and the temperature drops rapidly with frost; Winter is cold and dry. There are three river systems in the territory: Yanhe River, Dali River and Qingjian River. The main rivers are Yanhe River, Xingzi River, Xichuan River, Xiaochuan River, Xiaogou River and Shuangyang River.
the total amount of water resources is 155.72 million cubic meters, with a per capita of 947 cubic meters. The annual average temperature is 8.8℃ (extreme maximum temperature is 36.8℃, extreme minimum temperature is-23.6℃), the annual average precipitation is 515.3 mm (maximum is 645 mm, minimum is 296.6 mm), the annual sunshine hours are 2395.6 hours, the sunshine percentage is 54%, and the frost-free period is 157 days. The main natural disasters are: drought, strong wind, hail, frost, etc., especially drought.
natural resources
Ansai county has poor natural conditions, but relatively rich resources.
first, land resources. The per capita land area is 29.5 mu, with various types, deep soil layer, sufficient sunlight and large temperature difference between day and night, which is suitable for the comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. It mainly produces corn, millet, buckwheat, beans and other miscellaneous grains with an annual output of about 31,111 tons.
the second is oil and gas resources. Ansai Oilfield was discovered in 1983, with proven oil reserves of more than 411 million tons and oil layers all over the country. It is a large-scale low-permeability oilfield. Natural gas reserves are also considerable, and it is currently in the initial development stage.
thirdly, humanistic tourism resources. Ansai is a battleground for military strategists in the past dynasties. There are many castles and four passes in the territory. The famous ones are Qinzhi Road in Wangyao, Yangshao Cultural Site in Fangjiahe, Yunpin Temple Northern Wei Grottoes, Long 'an Ancient City, Luziguan and Gao Qiao Village. Ansai was once a part of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region with a glorious revolutionary history. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, more than 21 central directly under the authority were located in Ansai, which was an important rear base of the CPC Central Committee. Mao Zedong once lived in Wangjiawan for 58 days, commanded the three major battles of Qinghuabian, Panlong and Yangmahe, and published two brilliant works: Operational Guidelines on the Northwest Battlefield and Chiang Kai-shek Being Surrounded by the Whole People. Ansai is also the birthplace of "serving the people". Zhang Side gave his young life when burning charcoal in Shixiayu, Louping Township, our county. -,Xian-lin Zeng,-,Liu Lizhen and others studied in Yan 'an Conservation Primary School in the southern suburbs of the county seat. Ansai is one of the most concentrated and complete areas to preserve and inherit the ancient Chinese culture. Folk art represented by Ansai waist drum, paper-cutting and peasant painting has a long history and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Ansai waist drum is rough and bold, with great momentum. It has participated in the opening ceremony of the 11th Asian Games, the celebration of Hong Kong's return to the motherland, the 51th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, anniversary and other major national, provincial and municipal events, and has been widely praised as "the first drum in the East" and "the king of Chinese drums". Ansai paper-cutting and peasant painting are favored by people because of their simple artistic style, and they are known as "living fossils" of art. Folk songs, suona, clay sculptures and other unique styles have been awarded as "Hometown of Folk Painting", "Hometown of Paper-cutting" and "Hometown of Waist Drum" by the Ministry of Culture of Shaanxi Province, and named as "Hometown of Folk Songs".
Social development
Since the reform and opening up, especially since the Tenth Five-Year Plan, Ansai County has made great progress in economy and society by relying on the advantages of resources, grasping the opportunity of developing the western region and vigorously implementing the development strategy of "strengthening the county with oil and enriching the people with industry". In 2115, the county achieved a GDP of 1.366 billion yuan, and the total fiscal revenue reached 799 million yuan, of which the local fiscal revenue was 362 million yuan, with an average annual increase of 1.1%, 36.54% and 25.38% respectively compared with the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. The per capita net income of farmers was 2,399 yuan, a net increase of 693 yuan compared with the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan.
The characteristic industries in rural areas, mainly shed cultivation, grass and livestock, forest and fruit, have a strong development momentum, and the rural economy shows a good development trend of structural optimization, enhanced vitality and improved efficiency. In five years, 16,785 new greenhouses were built, and the shed planting area has grown to 32,611 sheds (including 22,611 greenhouses), and the average income of greenhouses has reached more than 6,111 yuan. An eco-agricultural demonstration park integrating new varieties, new technology introduction and demonstration, technical training, factory seedling raising and eco-tourism has been built. Newly built 91,111 mu of economic fruit trees, with a total of 232,111 mu, including 1.33 million mu of apples, which was identified as a high-quality apple base county in the province by the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry; The area of artificial grass planting reached 256,111 mu, and more than 3,111 households were developed. The cumulative area of returning farmland to forests is 1.1136 million mu, and the forest and grass coverage rate has increased from 18% in the past to 31.6%. The erosion modulus of soil erosion decreased from 2111 tons/km2 in 1999 to 8111 tons/km2. The per capita basic farmland of farmers reached 1.7 mu.
new progress has been made in urban development and rural infrastructure construction. The development and construction project of Chengbei District was launched in an all-round way, the ring road was built, and the reconstruction of pedestrian street and street, natural gas transmission and distribution, water pipe network reconstruction, garbage dump construction and other projects were implemented. The urban service function was improved day by day, and the grade was comprehensively improved. Yanjing expressway runs through the north and south. After that, seven third-class oil roads of Lianwang, An Zi and Zaojia, with an area of 89.55km, were built, 271km of gravel roads were newly built and reconstructed, and the mileage of roads increased by 313km in five years. The total mileage of roads in the county reached 2,213km, which achieved the goal of connecting oil roads in villages and towns, and was determined by the Ministry of Communications as a national model county for rural road construction. Rural tap water access rate reached 74%, electricity access rate reached 99%, mobile communication covered the whole county, and village telephone access rate reached 91.6%. The petroleum industry has developed rapidly. Major breakthroughs have been made in exploration, development and transformation of old wells. In 2115, the output of crude oil reached 533,111 tons, a net increase of 223,111 tons compared with the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, and the output value reached 1.14 billion yuan. The income provided by the oil industry accounts for 93% of the fiscal revenue. All social undertakings have made overall progress.
With the rapid development of education, the consolidation and improvement of the "two basics" has successfully passed the review and acceptance of the province. Cultural exchanges with foreign countries have become more frequent, and four cultural brands, waist drum, paper-cut, peasant painting and folk songs, have begun to move towards marketization and industrialization. Ansai has been rated as an advanced county in science and technology, culture, sports, primary health care in rural areas, a provincial model county of "double support", a provincial civilized county and a health county.
Ansai waist drum Ansai culture
Ansai is the hometown of folk painting, folk paper cutting, waist drum and folk songs on the loess high slope.
Ansai has been a frontier fortress since ancient times, and is known as "the throat of the upper county". During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were as many as forty or fifty beacon towers in Ansai County. In Song Dynasty, Ansai was the battlefield of fierce competition between Song and Xixia, with fortress everywhere and frequent wars. In the long-term historical changes, Ansai has always been an exchange zone between the farming culture in the Central Plains and the nomadic culture in the west. The mutual integration of different national cultures has gradually formed cultural characteristics with the characteristics of both the Han nationality and other nationalities in the western regions. After the Ming Dynasty, the long-term closed and semi-closed state enabled the ancient national cultural traditions lost in other areas to be preserved in Ansai, becoming one of the best preserved areas in the Loess Plateau in northwest China, with the most concentrated and representative folk art, and gradually cultivated four wonderful works of folk art-waist drum, paper-cutting, folk painting and folk songs.
waist drum: a masculine dance on the yellow land
Ansai waist drum originated from war and sacrifice, and later evolved into a folk entertainment activity with a history of thousands of years. Fan Chengda, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in a poem, "The waist drum is like a spring thunder on all sides, and the flowers bloom in Liangzhou", which fully proved the prevalence of waist drum in the northwest at that time. Ansai County Cultural Center displays a portrait brick of the waist drum of the Song Dynasty unearthed in northern Shaanxi. The figures on the brick play the waist drum with natural and unrestrained and lifelike movements, which proves that the history of playing the waist drum in northern Shaanxi, including Ansai, has a long history. In Ansai rural area, almost everyone can play the waist drum, from the ancient and rare old man to the six or seven-year-old doll. According to the staff of Ansai County Cultural Center, the modern development of Ansai waist drum began in Yan 'an period. In 1942, the new Yangko movement in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region greatly developed Ansai waist drum, and the literary and art workers in the border region excavated and sorted out Ansai waist drum, so that this ancient folk art form in northern Shaanxi was truly inherited and developed. Ansai's waist drum went to the whole country, but it was after the reform and opening up.
In p>1984, the film "Yellow Land" directed by Chen Kaige and photographed by Zhang Yimou entered the still relatively closed Ansai. They want to find a kind of folk dance here that is in line with the yellow land and full of life motive force. They chose the waist drum. On the day of shooting, under the clear sky, 151 lean men in northern Shaanxi, wearing black coat pants, white sheep belly towels and red cloth belts, stepped on thick loess and danced together with the help of cowhide drums. They move forward, backward, kick, turn around, spread and prance like nobody's business, be brave as a tiger, roll like a dragon, blow out, fly like a dragon. The crew was shocked and intoxicated. When the last shot was taken, when the drummers rushed up from behind the hillside, they saw yellow dust rolling and the figure was in a trance. The deafening drums were intertwined with the roar of 151 men, like the roaring of the Yellow River and the Ma Benteng. The people present applauded warmly and were almost crazy with excitement. Since then, Ansai waist drum has been playing the yellow land out of control: in 1986, Ansai waist drum won the highest award in the first national folk music and dance competition; In 1989, Taiwan Province filmmaker Ling Feng included the unrestrained Ansai waist drum in his feature film "Eight Thousand Miles of Clouds and the Moon" as the opening shot; In 1991, Ansai drummed into Beijing, the capital, and made a big splash in the 11th Asian Games. In 1997 and 1999, Ansai Waist Drum participated in major events such as the return of Hong Kong, the celebration of the 51th anniversary of the National Day and the Asia-Pacific Activity Week held in Berlin, Germany. At present, there are 14 waist drum associations in Ansai county, with more than 1,611 backbone waist drum players.
If the melodious and high-pitched Xintianyou is a melancholy poem in the Loess Plateau, then Ansai waist drum is the cry and rush of tenacious life in this land. This is a folk dance and a profound cultural phenomenon.
folk paper-cutting and painting: Shandandan blooms brightly
Ansai's paper-cutting and folk painting are two other wonderful works of Ansai's folk art. Compared with the waist drum, which shakes the mountains and shakes the mountains, the Ansai paper-cut and folk painting bred in the unique historical and regional environment have a different kind of beauty: there are both rough and bold, bold and simple folk art traditions, and they are full of fresh and strong modern life breath, which makes the viewers marvel.
Ansai, located in the hinterland of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, is one of the cradles of Yellow River culture. Ansai people have lived for generations under the conditions of high mountains and deep valleys, criss-crossing ravines and relatively monotonous and harsh natural environment. The tempering of survival and the remoteness of ideals have aroused the strong tension of their life ontology and spiritual world, so the creation of folk art here is often simple and bold in composition, bold and strong in color, clear and exaggerated in shape and full of imagination.
most of the folk artists in Ansai are women. This is because the division of labor in farming society makes most women leave their lifelong pursuit at home, so their spiritual world finds sustenance in paper-cutting and painting. In Ansai rural areas, more than 95/% of women can cut paper. As a local folk song goes: Give birth to a girl skillfully, and pomegranate peony will be hinged (cut) at will. It means that whether a woman is smart or not depends on whether she cuts the window grilles well. Ansai's paper-cut art is just like Shandandan flowers on the Loess Plateau, simple and beautiful, and has a strong personality. Ansai paper-cutting has no historical records, and it is all taught by the female elders of the family. Girls have been taught paper-cutting by their mothers or grandmothers since childhood, so many families have preserved ancient patterns made of smoke. The tradition passed down from generation to generation, mutual communication and continuous improvement have made the artistic level of Ansai paper-cutting reach a perfect level.
Over the years, the uses of Ansai paper-cutting can be roughly divided into four types: beautifying the environment. In Ansai rural areas, beautiful window grilles can be seen everywhere in peasant caves and houses. Especially during the Spring Festival