"Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular".
The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre. "Classical Chinese" is "an article written in written language", also called stylistic writing.
And "vernacular" means: "articles written in ordinary and plain oral language", such as "have you eaten?" .
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in "spoken language" and "written language". For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And expressed in written language, it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. Here, the noun "Fanbu" is used as a verb, which means to eat.
Before 19 19, China's articles were all written in classical Chinese. Now we generally call "ancient Chinese" "classical Chinese".
The structure of classical Chinese (I) Judgment Sentence The so-called judgment sentence is a sentence pattern that uses nouns, pronouns or noun phrases as predicates to judge the subject. Its common form is as follows: 1 "...", ... and ",... and", ... and ",... and", ... and "and so on.
Such as: "Lian Po, Zhao Zhiliang will also." [Exercise 1] List such judgments in the classical Chinese we have studied.
Chen Shengsheng is also from Yangcheng. (2) a ridge porch, old south pavilion also.
(3) Nanyang Liu Ziji, noble's also. Those people were shocked, and Zhou didn't shoot.
(5) seven slightly four libraries, the book of the son of heaven. 6 in the palace, everything is one.
⑦ Liang, my enemy, Prince, my foundation. I hate these three today, too.
Pet-name ruby bribing qin and losing strength, the way burst its banks. Attending, the effect of fighting also.
2. Adverbs Shi, Shi, Shi, Cheng and Wei are used to express judgment. For example, "Today is the autumn of great submission."
[Exercise 1] List such judgments in the classical Chinese we have studied. When you ask what the world is like today, you don't know if there are any Han people.
I wonder what year it is today. (3) is now in the tomb.
(4) Fu Liang is chu will Xiang Yan. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower.
6. Either you die or you move. ⑦ This is kindness, loyalty and purity.
Today is a crucial autumn. Pet-name ruby Now, I am a fish.
Attending I am a madman in Chu, and the wind is laughing at Kong Qiu. 3. Use the negative adverb "Fei" to express negation.
For example, "six countries collapse, not bad soldiers, bad wars." [Exercise 1] List such judgments in the classical Chinese we have studied.
(More than 3 sentences) ① Climbing up a mountain, the arm is not lengthened, but the person you see is far away. (2) The city is not high, the pool is not deep, the soldiers are not strong, and there are not many meters.
(3) The North Sea is not too mountainous. (2) Passive Sentences In classical Chinese, the subject of some sentences is the receiver of the action, which is a passive sentence.
Its common types are: 1. "See" and "See ……" I often laugh at a generous family. "
[Exercise 1] List such passive sentences in classical Chinese that we have studied. (The number of sentences is more than 3) Afraid of being bullied by the king.
(2) Qin Cheng was afraid that he could not get it, but saw his bullying. (3) so confused in Zheng Xiu, rely on yi cheung.
(4) Li, seventeen years old, is good at classical Chinese and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu. 2. "for" and "for ..." are passive.
For example, "parents, clans, were all slaughtered." (1) die, laugh at the world.
(2) For the country, no ambassador will be taken away by Wikipedia. (3) Serve the Group in terms of income.
(4) first fear for fuck. (5) After the Chu Dynasty was conquered, it was destroyed by Qin for several decades.
(3) Inverted sentences The inverted sentences in classical Chinese are relative to the sentence order of modern Chinese. Based on this, we divide inversion sentences in classical Chinese into prepositional object, attributive postposition, adverbial postposition and verb inversion. 1. Preposition object The so-called prepositional object is a component that is usually used as an object and placed in front of the predicate verb to express emphasis.
For example, the word "zhi" in the "disagreement" is the prepositional object. Preposition objects are usually divided into four situations.
(1) In interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns are objects and prepositional objects. What is the king doing here? Wes, who are we going home with? (2) In negative sentences, pronouns are objects and prepositions are objects.
For example, "the ancients did not bully." (3) Advance the object with the help of "Zhi" and "Shi".
For example, "I don't know the sentence, but I don't understand it." "It is urgent to study hard and it is rare to see it."
(4) Preposition objects in prepositional phrases. For example, "Why else would the book be here?" 2. Attributive Postposition Usually attributive should be placed in front of the head word, but there are many sentences in classical Chinese that put attributive after the head word.
Such as: "Earthworms have no advantage of their minions, but their bones and muscles are strong. They eat soil and drink yellow water, but also with their hearts. " Among them, "benefit" and "strength" are post-attributes.
The attributive postposition in classical Chinese has the following situations. (1) Postposition the attribute with "zhi".
Such as: "How many people are there in the world?" (2) Use the postposition of "zhe". For example, "a horse can travel thousands of miles, and a stone can eat it all."
3. Adverbials are postpositioned in ancient Chinese. Preposition structures are adverbials and are often placed after sentences as complements. For example, "the poor speak better than the rich" and "the rich" are prepositional phrases, which are placed at the end of sentences as complements.
4. Subject-predicate inversion is rare, often to express a strong sigh. For example, "Sorry, you don't like it."
"Beautiful, I am a young man from China." [Exercise] Judge the sentence patterns in the following sentences.
(1) It is impossible to protect the people and be king. (2) There is no difference in love between the king and the people.
(3) What is virtue, then you can be king? (4) How do you know I can do it? (5) What a pity! Too vulgar! If you want to go to Suzhou and Bai Letian, you will be a fool. Mortals who can't teach their children don't want to be trapped in their own sins.
(4) Elliptic sentences are common in classical Chinese, and mastering ellipsis sentences is helpful to fully understand the meaning of sentences. Elliptic sentences in classical Chinese usually include: 1. Omit the subject.
(1) Carry forward the former provinces. For example, "there are different snakes in the wild of Yongzhou, black and white."
(2) carry forward the province. For example, "Pei Gong said to him," (Gong) I'm going to join the army.
"(3) Self-reported provinces. For example:
2. There are three main differences between classical Chinese and modern Chinese:
1, the composition and use of classical Chinese and modern Chinese are different:
Classical Chinese: Before China 19 18, all articles were written in classical Chinese. In modern times, we generally refer to "ancient prose" as "classical Chinese".
Modern Chinese: The vernacular became the official written language after the May 4th Movement.
2. Classical Chinese and modern Chinese have different expressions:
Classical Chinese: The modified language, that is, the written language, is relatively speaking of "spoken language" and has long occupied a dominant position in ancient China. The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , and represents the genre.
Modern Chinese: the expression has not been modified. It is more popular and easy to understand.
For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, in modern Chinese, it means "Have you eaten?" And expressed in classical Chinese, it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. Here, the noun "Fanbu" is used as a verb, which means to eat.
3. The characteristics of classical Chinese and modern Chinese are different:
Classical Chinese: characterized by paying attention to allusions, parallel prose and neat melody, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing and parallel prose.
Modern writing: simple and popular, in language, vivid, vigorous, rough, full of life breath and expressive force.
Extended data:
Vernacular writing is easier than classical writing, and you can clearly express the meaning of people when you speak. However, it is difficult to understand the literal meaning of classical Chinese, and you must think it over with your brain before you can know your meaning. As for the vernacular, it is easy to express your ideas, which is convenient and easy to understand.
Vernacular writing is the need of China's development. It is concise and easy to understand. The literary revolution, which began with the vernacular movement, played an important role in spreading new ideas, prospering literary creation and popularizing national education.
The "May 4th" Vernacular Movement widely absorbed the western vocabulary resources and grammatical structure, and developed at many levels, such as language, writing and thought. This movement is not only a "self-sufficient change within the language", but also closely related to the innovation of the whole thinking concept and the national modernization movement. The contest between "vernacular Chinese" and "classical Chinese" is also a collision of two different value systems and social ideologies to a great extent.
References:
Sogou encyclopedia-classical Chinese
References:
Sogou encyclopedia-vernacular
3. What is the difference between classical Chinese and modern Chinese?
First, the separation of language and writing. Linguistic research holds that written language is produced and developed on the basis of spoken language, and they influence and promote each other and have a very close relationship. Classical Chinese was formed on the basis of pre-Qin oral English, but with the passage of time, it gradually widened the distance from later oral English. From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the official implementation and the need of imperial examinations, scholars deliberately imitated the language of the "Four Books and Five Classics" to write poems and articles, focusing on elegance and integrity. In this way, the distance between classical Chinese as a written language and the language actually used by people is getting bigger and bigger, resulting in the phenomenon of separation of language and text.
Second, it lasts for a long time. Until the May 4th Movement, classical Chinese, as the dominant written language, was handed down from generation to generation, and its language components remained basically unchanged. For example, the usage of some basic sentence patterns and commonly used function words in the pre-Qin period has been preserved in classical Chinese, and even the most active words in the three elements of language have strong stability in classical Chinese: the ancient meanings of some words have long disappeared in spoken English, but they can still be used in classical Chinese. Although later generations will inevitably mix some spoken language at that time in imitation, which will bring some subtle changes to classical Chinese, on the whole, classical Chinese has basically maintained its original appearance in vocabulary system and grammar system.
Third, the writing is concise. Most of China's important ancient books are written in classical Chinese, and many immortal works have always been known for their conciseness. It can be said that classical Chinese itself contains concise factors: first, classical Chinese is dominated by monosyllabic words, with few disyllabic words and disyllabic words; Second, classical Chinese is often omitted, and it is very common to omit subjects, objects, predicates and prepositions. In addition, the famous writers of past dynasties paid more attention to the tempering of language and emphasized "the great meaning of small words", thus forming the style of classical Chinese.
Fourth, the ancient Olympic Games were difficult to understand. Due to the age, it is more and more difficult to understand classical Chinese without spoken English. Crooked sentences, uncommon ancient characters, and many strange names and regulations … all these have become elusive "myths" in the eyes of beginners. Therefore, annotating ancient books and solving difficult problems has always been one of the tasks pursued by scholars.
Modern Chinese is easier to understand than classical Chinese.
The difference between classical Chinese and modern Chinese has been divided into classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese since ancient times, while classical Chinese is the official language and belongs to written language. Vernacular Chinese is the language used by ordinary people in conversation. Ordinary people know nothing about classical Chinese, let alone use it as a daily conversation.
However, the vernacular is the absolute majority of Chinese in the history of China. Modern Chinese evolved from this kind of parallel Chinese, which mainly refers to the language system, especially the grammar system, established after the May 4th New Culture Movement.
From the existing ancient literary works such as Tang and Song vernacular literature, Yuan Zaju and San Yan Er Pai in Ming Dynasty, we can see that the difference between ancient vernacular literature and modern literature is not as great as that of classical Chinese. If you can't verify their pronunciation, at least their grammar and words are clear on paper.
The ancient vernacular Chinese has hardly changed much from the modern vernacular Chinese in the May 4th Movement to the modern Chinese, but modern people have tidied up the western grammar and added a lot of words.
5. What is the difference between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese? Hello, Chinese has been written in the vernacular since ancient times.
Classical Chinese is relative to vernacular Chinese. The first "article" refers to a written article.
"Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular".
The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre. "Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language".
And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language". In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" .
"Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language.
Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese". Classical Chinese is a treasure of China culture, and the ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in the Chinese curriculum in middle schools.
What is classical Chinese? 1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it.
Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing.
But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning). 3. Classical Chinese is also a skill.
The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese.
The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language".
It explains two meanings: first, it points out that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
So does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application.
For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced and its writing function will be doubled.
Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words. In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them.
It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
Reading classical Chinese is a very clear way of thinking, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, it is very solemn. The Value of Contemporary Classical Chinese Revival Classical Chinese Revival is one of the hot spots in the cultural revival movement in contemporary China.
Its appearance has the same profound historical background as the China Cultural Renaissance Movement, and it is an integral part of the Chinese National Renaissance Movement. On the surface, the revival of classical Chinese is a denial of vernacular Chinese advocated by Hu Shi and others, but in essence it is an extension of vernacular Chinese movement.
The popularity of vernacular Chinese has greatly increased the audience of generalized culture, but made the direct audience of China traditional culture less and less-thus posing an unprecedented threat to the inheritance of China culture. It is precisely because of the need to inherit China culture completely and accurately that the revival of classical Chinese has become a historical necessity.
The revival of classical Chinese can not deny the existence and value of vernacular Chinese. Chinese mainland's revival of classical Chinese began to sprout in 1980s.
The concept of revival of classical Chinese was clearly put forward by Liu Zhou, a young scholar, in The First Step of Cultural Revival in China (Suggestions). In 2007, Guangming Daily published "Hundred Cities Fu", which showed the state's attitude towards the revival of classical Chinese.
The proposal of the revival of classical Chinese was put forward by a young scholar, which shows that the development potential of the revival of classical Chinese is very strong. Modern Chinese 1. Expression: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. 2. Rhetoric: metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, repetition, metonymy, rhetorical question, quotation and comparison. 3. Common writing methods and expression methods: association, imagination, symbol, comparison, contrast and contrast. Scene fusion 4. The function of sentences in the text structure of the article: always starting from the full text, causing the following, playing the role of bedding, bedding, connecting the preceding with the following (transition), coordinating before and after, echoing from beginning to end, summarizing the full text, indicating the theme and promoting the development of the plot.
These sentences are very expressive.
6. The difference between classical Chinese and modern Chinese has been divided into classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese since ancient times, while classical Chinese is the official language and belongs to written language. Vernacular is the language used by ordinary people in conversation, but ordinary people know nothing about classical Chinese, let alone use classical Chinese as their daily conversation. However, the vernacular Chinese is the Chinese with the absolute majority in the history of China, and modern Chinese evolved from this parallel Chinese. Mainly refers to the language system established after the May 4th New Culture Movement, especially the grammar system. It can be seen from the existing ancient literary works such as Tang and Song vernacular literature, Yuan Zaju, and three words and two beats in Ming Dynasty that ancient vernacular and modern vernacular are not as different as classical Chinese. If you can't verify their pronunciation, at least their grammar and words are clear on paper. The ancient vernacular Chinese came from the May 4th modern vernacular literature.
7. What's the difference between modern Chinese and classical Chinese? Classical Chinese is relative to vernacular Chinese.
Paper was not invented in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Bamboo slips, silk books and other things were used to record words. Silk is very expensive, and the number of words recorded in bamboo slips is also very heavy. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, it is necessary to delete unimportant words
It can be said that "classical Chinese" is the earliest "compressed" format of written records in the world.
Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.
The first "article" refers to a written article. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language".
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese is a treasure of China culture, and the ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in the Chinese curriculum in middle schools.
Vernacular writing (also called stylistic writing) refers to the written language based on modern spoken Chinese. In ancient times, vernacular Chinese also had a long history. Some vernacular novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties appeared in Song Dynasty, such as Jin Ping Mei, Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. , but they are all ancient vernacular Chinese. The works of vernacular Chinese were only a few in the ancient literary world, and classical Chinese was still the mainstream at that time. 19 19 After the May 4th New Culture Movement, vernacular Chinese replaced classical Chinese as the mainstream of writing, which made classical Chinese gradually withdraw from the historical stage.
The vernacular Chinese is relative to the classical Chinese. The style reform that began in the late Qing Dynasty can be divided into three stages: new style, vernacular Chinese and popular language.
Diary of a Madman is China's first vernacular novel. The United Bible is the first vernacular translation.
8. What is the difference between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese? Hello, Chinese has been written in the vernacular since ancient times.
Classical Chinese is relative to vernacular Chinese. The first "article" refers to a written article.
"Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular".
The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre. "Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language".
And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language". In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" .
"Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language.
Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese". Classical Chinese is a treasure of China culture, and the ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in the Chinese curriculum in middle schools.
What is classical Chinese? 1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it.
Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing.
But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning). 3. Classical Chinese is also a skill.
The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese.
The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language".
It explains two meanings: first, it points out that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
So does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application.
For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced and its writing function will be doubled.
Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words. In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them.
It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
Reading classical Chinese is a very clear way of thinking, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, it is very solemn. The Value of Contemporary Classical Chinese Revival Classical Chinese Revival is one of the hot spots in the cultural revival movement in contemporary China.
Its appearance has the same profound historical background as the China Cultural Renaissance Movement, and it is an integral part of the Chinese National Renaissance Movement. On the surface, the revival of classical Chinese is a denial of vernacular Chinese advocated by Hu Shi and others, but in essence it is an extension of vernacular Chinese movement.
The popularity of vernacular Chinese has greatly increased the audience of generalized culture, but made the direct audience of China traditional culture less and less-thus posing an unprecedented threat to the inheritance of China culture. It is precisely because of the need to inherit China culture completely and accurately that the revival of classical Chinese has become a historical necessity.
The revival of classical Chinese can not deny the existence and value of vernacular Chinese. Chinese mainland's revival of classical Chinese began to sprout in 1980s.
The concept of revival of classical Chinese was clearly put forward by Liu Zhou, a young scholar, in The First Step of Cultural Revival in China (Suggestions). In 2007, Guangming Daily published "Hundred Cities Fu", which showed the state's attitude towards the revival of classical Chinese.
The proposal of the revival of classical Chinese was put forward by a young scholar, which shows that the development potential of the revival of classical Chinese is very strong. Modern Chinese 1. Expression: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. 2. Rhetoric: metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, repetition, metonymy, rhetorical question, quotation and comparison. 3. Common writing methods and expression methods: association, imagination, symbol, comparison, contrast and contrast. Scene fusion 4. The function of sentences in the text structure of the article: always starting from the full text, causing the following, playing the role of bedding, bedding, connecting the preceding with the following (transition), coordinating before and after, echoing from beginning to end, summarizing the full text, indicating the theme and promoting the development of the plot.
These sentences are very expressive.