Melbourne is the second largest city in Australia, the capital of Victoria with the reputation of "Garden State" and an important industrial town in Australia. Melbourne is famous for its greening, fashion, food, entertainment, culture and sports activities. Melbourne's green coverage rate is as high as 41%. Victorian buildings, trams, various theaters, galleries, museums, tree-lined gardens and streets constitute the elegant style of Melbourne. Melbourne is a city full of vitality and joy. Although it is not as gorgeous as Sydney, the largest city, it is not as quiet as other small Australian cities. From the diversity of culture and art to the beauty of nature, Melbourne can be said to be the highest in Australia in satisfying sensory entertainment, with its own characteristics in art, culture, entertainment, food, shopping and business. Melbourne has successfully integrated humanity and nature, and has been selected as "the most livable city in the world" by the Washington-based Population Action International for many years. Melbourne, located in the southeast of Australia, is a port city with a temperate climate. In summer, people like to go to the seaside to play. Throughout the year, the highest daytime temperature in summer can reach nearly 41 degrees Celsius, and the temperature difference between day and night in Melbourne is quite large. Even if the daytime temperature reaches more than 31 degrees in summer, it will cool down to about 12 degrees in the evening. It's not too cold in winter. Generally, the daytime temperature is above 11 degrees Celsius in winter, and it doesn't snow in winter. But there are many mountains around Melbourne, and there is snow on the cold mountains in winter, so the mountains near Melbourne are good places to ski in winter. Melbourne now has a population of about 3.4 million (the result of Australian census in 2111 was more than 3.24 million), and it is a city where immigrants live in compact communities. Most of the new immigrants who come to Australia go to Melbourne and Sydney. Now (data in 2116), about 111,111 new immigrants arrive in Australia every year, and about one third of them settle in Melbourne. Immigrants started their new life in Melbourne, but at the same time they also brought their own national traditions and habits. One-third of Melbourne residents are immigrants from outside Australia, and there are as many as 71 languages spoken in Melbourne. Besides English, Greek, Italian, French, Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese, Lebanese and Korean are also spoken. Different ethnic groups live in communities and have different styles in living habits, festivals and restaurants, which bring rich multicultural interests to Melbourne. Historical overview Before 1835, Melbourne was basically uninhabited. In 1841, the population of Melbourne was ten thousand. In 1851, a gold mine was discovered in Melbourne, and a large number of people came to Melbourne from all over the world for gold, including a large number of Chinese workers. Due to the gold rush, the population of Melbourne grew rapidly. In 1851, the population was 29,111, and in 1854, it had reached 123,111, which eclipsed San Francisco, the United States, which is extremely rich in gold, so Melbourne was also called the New Golden Mountain. Melbourne is an important industrial town in Australia, where industries such as heavy machinery, textiles, paper-making, electronics, chemicals, metalworking, automobiles, clothing, food, etc. are flourishing and highly modernized. Commerce, finance and transportation are very developed. Melbourne also has a modern busy port, Melbourne Port. Melbourne was once the capital of Australia (1911–1927), and in 1927, Australia moved to Canberra. Melbourne is a prosperous city in the southern hemisphere, which was more prosperous than Sydney, Australia's largest city at present. As early as 1956, Melbourne hosted the 16th Summer Olympic Games, which was held in the southern hemisphere for the first time. The old Parliament Building, built in 1856, is the current Legislative Assembly of Victoria Province. The building is beautiful and unique. Because the old Parliament Building is located not far from the Melbourne Marriage Registry on the same street, newlyweds and wedding guests often take pictures here as a souvenir. Como House, located in Como Ave, South Yarra District, is the home of a wealthy businessman during the colonial period. The main building is a two-story old house, which occupies a whole half of the street. The descendants of the wealthy businessman sold the property to the Australian National Heritage Fund, and this mansion became a tourist attraction open to the public. Financial Street Collins Street is called Financial Street, because the head offices of many banks in Australia are on this street. Urban transportation Melbourne is a developed city with many tall buildings and modern equipment. The public transportation is very convenient, with trains, trams and cars. The central street in Melbourne is Spencer Street to the west, Flinders Street along Yarra River to the south, Spring Street lined with grand buildings such as the State Assembly Hall and Finance Building to the east, and Victoria Street to the north forms a square of about 2 kilometers. The chessboard city surrounded by these four streets is the city appearance of Melbourne's main streets. The main means of transportation in Melbourne is the city train, which is different from the subway. Most of them walk above the ground and only travel underground in the downtown area. The train here runs through the main traffic arteries and the main population living areas. Because Melbourne is a busy commercial center, many people change to take the train when they go to work because they can't park their private cars. At the same time, it is also the main means of transportation to carry students to school. The price of bus tickets in Melbourne is divided by region and time, and the tickets are common for trains, trams and buses. Tickets can be purchased at the ticket vending machine in each station, usually divided into two-hour tickets (you can take the train, tram and bus in the area any number of times within two hours), all-day tickets, weekly tickets, monthly tickets and annual tickets. The longer you buy, the more favorable the price will be. Fares are not only related to the time, but also related to the regional division. In Melbourne, the main urban areas are divided into two areas, and if you travel across regions, the fares will increase relatively. Melbourne's buses are auxiliary means of transportation other than trains, which can reach areas that are relatively inaccessible to trains, but the bus frequency is relatively small, usually from 15 minutes to 31 minutes. Tram is one of the characteristics of Melbourne, which is the only city in Australia with trams. Melbourne's tram network extends in all directions and plays an important role as a public transport. The latest Melbourne trams can carry 141 passengers each, and the Melbourne city government often appeals to citizens to take more trams and reduce the use of private cars through publicity advertisements. In the center of Melbourne, there is a tram line around the city, which allows local citizens and tourists to take it for free, so that everyone can enjoy the urban scenery of Melbourne. Its walking route surrounds the periphery of the city center and passes through many tourist attractions along the way, including Victoria Market, Melbourne Parliament Building, Crown Casino, Royal Exhibition Hall, IMAX Cinema, Melbourne Old Prison and Melbourne Central. Medical Insurance In 1989, the Australian government made it mandatory that all overseas students must pay health insurance premiums before obtaining visas. The main purpose is to enable these students to get the medical expenses they need to pay while studying in Australia. This system is supervised and managed by Medibank, the largest health insurance company in China, entrusted by the Australian government. The insurance company has more than 311 offices all over Australia, which can provide fast and convenient medical insurance services. The cost of health insurance is calculated according to the length of students' stay, and then extended after the expiration. The insurance period for international students must cover the time of registering for the course, which can last for 1.2 months at a time, but the insurance period can be extended to 1.8 months at the end of the course. Students can pay the insurance premium directly to the Medibank offices around the country or ask their schools to pay it. You only need to prepare the old insurance card, passport and admission notice when you extend it. If it is not extended for more than 2 months after the expiration, many benefits will be put on hold or postponed. Health insurance covers most medical treatment, but does not include dentistry, physical therapy, massage and glasses. In Australia, the first thing to see a doctor is a general practitioner, whether in a school medical center, a private clinic or a large public and private hospital. If the general practitioner is incompetent, he will send you to see a specialist at once. Most schools have medical clinics on campus. Private schools and English cram schools can also help you find a doctor or argument when you need it. This shows that Australia's medical system is very perfect. All Australian residents, including immigrants and foreign citizens studying or working in Australia, can enjoy this medical insurance system called Medicare. You can get a Medicare Card after applying for medical insurance. With this certificate, you can see a doctor or be hospitalized in any hospital. But it does not include specialists and private clinics. The specific fees payable depend on the time allowed for individuals to stay in Australia. There are generally two ways to solve medical expenses: first, pay according to the doctor's bill, and then reimburse the insurance company with the receipt (cash is usually required for the first visit). The insurance company will send you a refund receipt. Second, give the unpaid bill to the insurance company, and the insurance company will send you a check made out to the doctor, and then give the check to the doctor together with the balance payable. Be sure to ask for a receipt after paying the fee. When going through the above procedures, you must fill in the application form for medical insurance for overseas students and attach the original bill or receipt to it. About 1-3 months: A 3-6 months: A86-9 months: A2 9—12 months: A4

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