Naming the hall number by blood relationship
Chinese family name culture, first of all, the social mentality is the high value of blood relationship, not only the same family name to use the same (one or a number of) hall number, but also have a blood relationship of different family names, will also use the same hall number.
For example, the famous "Six Gui Tang", is the six surnames of Hong, Jiang, Wang, Gong, Weng, and Fang in the area of Fujian and Guangdong **** with a hall number. According to the literature, the six southern families, although the family name is different, but is an ancestor of the same family, tracing the origin of the descendants of the Weng surname.
The geographical naming hall
The geographical concept of naming the hall, the most common, often and the family name of the county related to the county, that is, the county number or place name as the name of the hall.
Such as the aforementioned Longxi Li, Zhao County Li, Zhongshan Li, Taiyuan Wang, Langya Wang, Jingzhao Wang, Qinghe Zhang, Anding Zhang, Hanoi Zhang, etc. are examples.
Then the Zhuge Clan, the Department of Ge Bo, looking at the Langya, the birthplace is Shandong Zhucheng, later generations of Zhuge Clan throughout the country, the vast majority of the generations along the name of the hall of Langya.
In addition, such as the sea of the "Xue County Hall", Chen's "Yingchuan Hall", Xu's "East China Sea Hall", Ouyang's "Bohai Hall", and Huyan's "Bohai Hall". "
The "Taiyuan Hall" of the Huyan Clan and the "Xihe Hall" of the Lin Clan were all named after their geographical desires.
The first generation of the JiaYinYiXing for the hall
Chinese people to have the virtue of prudence to catch up with the past, often to the ancestors of the first generation of the JiaZongYiXing proud, often this name for the hall, the ancient reputation. Such as Hongnong Yang's "four knowledge of the Hall", "White Hall" that is, the East Han Dynasty lieutenant Yang Zhen's virtues as a hall number.
According to the literature, when Yang Zhen was the governor of Donglai, he passed through Changyi, and the county magistrate Wang Mi asked to see him late at night to bribe Yang Zhen with ten pounds of gold. The first time I saw this, I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night and I was in the middle of the night. Wang Mi said: I came late at night, no one knows this time. Yang Zhen replied: This matter is known to Heaven, to God, to me, and to my son, how can I say that no one knows about it? Wang Mi had to retreat in shame. Yang's descendants to honor and commemorate this refusal to corrode, do not take bribes ancestor Yang Zhen, will be "four knowledge of the Hall", "innocence of the Hall" for the Hall name.
Fan's "Mai Boat Hall" is from the famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan's allusion to help the poor and needy. Once Fan Zhongyan sent his son, Chunren, to Gusu to transport wheat, the boat to Danyang, met Shi Manqing who had no funds to bury his relatives, Chunren that is, to give wheat boat. Chunren went home and told his father, which was highly praised by Fan Zhongyan. The later generations took this as a classic, with "Mai Boat Hall" as the name of the hall.
The ancestor's achievements for the hall
In the Chinese nation's 5,000 years of history, each family name in different periods of history, there are a number of outstanding achievements, famous historical figures, and the descendants are often used as a hall number. For example, the famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Yuan, outstanding achievements in battle, known far and wide, "horse leather wrapped in corpses" is a popular historical allusion. Later, he was awarded the title of "General Fubo", and one of the descendants of the Ma clan took "Fubo Tang" as its name. Qu Yuan, a great doctor of Chu, was the director of Sanlu, and Qu's family took "Sanlu Tang" as the name of the hall.
Another example is Guo Ziyi, Emperor of Tang Dynasty, because of the Anshi Rebellion, repeated successes, more than 20 years of generals and prime ministers, is to maintain the Li Tang Dynasty of meritorious ministers, was named "Fenyang King". His descendants spread all over the world, mostly under the name of "Fenyang Hall". Nowadays, the children and grandchildren of the Guo Clan at home and abroad are also proud of the "Fenyang Guo Clan".
Traditional ethical norms for the hall
In the feudal patriarchal society, each family often traditional ethical norms for the hall, in order to exhortation and encouragement of future generations of children and grandchildren. For example, Li's "Dunlun Hall", Zhang's "Bai Neng Hall", Zhu's "Ge Yan Hall", Ren's "Five Knowledge Hall", Liu's "Chongde Hall", Zheng's "Buben Hall", Zhou's "Zhongxin Hall", Cai's "Keshen Hall", Xu's "Ju Lian Hall". "Jiu Lian Tang" and so on, all reflecting the traditional ethical and moral concepts. It is very common in the self-established hall names of the various clans.
Such as the Tang Dynasty, Yuncheng Shouzhang Zhang Gongzhi, nine generations live together, Linde during the Tang Emperor sacrificed Taishan, passing through Yuncheng, to his home, asked why can nine generations live together, peacefully together. Zhang Gongzhi on the paper even more than a hundred "tolerance" word, said the trick, all lies in a hundred things to tolerate. Therefore, the name of the hall is "Hundred Patience Hall".
The hall name is based on our ancestor's elegant and noble character
In feudal society, there were a group of scholars and academics who were very talented and had a high character and were highly regarded by the world. Their descendants are also proud.
Such as the famous Song Dynasty physicist Zhou Dunyi, elegant character, love the lotus flower out of the mud and not stained the noble character, to live in the place for the "Love Lotus Hall". His descendants took this as their hall name. In Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming refused to bend his back for five buckets of rice, so he resigned from his official post and returned to his hometown, and he wrote "Returning to the World" to make his ambition clear. Because Tao Yuanming was called Mr. Wu Liu, his descendants took "Wu Liu Tang" as the name of the hall. Another example is Li Bai, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty, called himself "Green Lotus Dweller", Li's clan has "Green Lotus Hall" hall number.
Auspicious signs for the hall
Ancient people attach great importance to the auspicious signs, often considered to be the heavenly omen of good fortune, often to be the family hall number. Such as the Song Dynasty Wang You had planted three acacias in the courtyard, said his children and grandchildren will be in the three princes (ancient officials will be, three princes on the acacia tree, so the three acacias to symbolize the three princes), the son of Wang said that really ranked the prime minister, more than a decade of politics, y valued by the court. His descendants will be "three locusts" for the hall number, become China's Wang family name in the celebrity family, and Taiyuan Wang, Langya Wang and listed as the three major branches of the Wang family.
Ming Dynasty Tengchong Wei inch Qing is inch ancestor, he dreamed in Tengchong County suburb of southwest of the city of mountains and water, southwest suburb of the lotus blossoms, purple clouds in the east for a long time, and there is a purple light shining in the ground on the lotus pond. He asked Liu Jizong, the founder of the Liu family name, to go on a picnic, and inadvertently came to Yangwon toon village (i.e., Heshun Township). The mountains of the stand is like a toning, the water of the flow is like a belt. And the four seasons and warm air, overflowing in the suburb chap, the two hearts are very much in love with, can not bear to give up ...... "At the time of the inch Qing on the long-lost scenery marveled:" is the great Euphrasia wind also. "Here can be divined carry on. Cun's in Heshun can be described as talented people. Inch Kai Tai in Guangxu twenty-one b not Section (1895 AD) in the bachelor's degree. Cun's successive in the examination of the Cun style Yu, Cun sex An, Cun Fu Qing, Cun Xi Harmony, Cun Li Pan, in the bachelor's degree of Cun Kaitei. Cun An The end of the Kangxi tribute, Cun Xiu Sheng, Jiaqing Cinyin tribute, Cun Liang Qing Liao Sheng, Cun Pin Sheng Qing Guangxu Bugong, Cun Shizhen attached to the Sheng, Cun Zunwen Wensheng. The descendants of these people took the name "Zizhao Tang" as their hall name.
The halls and villas of famous people in the past as the hall number
To express the admiration for famous people in the past of the same family name, each family name to their halls and residences as the hall number. Bai Juyi, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, lived in seclusion in Xiangshan Mountain in Luoyang in his later years and was called Xiangshan Jushi, and his descendants took "Xiangshan Hall" as their hall name.
Another example is the Tang Dynasty Chancellor Pei Du, to the eunuchs in power, when things have been unable to do, is to ask for the resignation of the prime minister, in Luoyang Wuge to create a villa, up Hao Pavilion summer pavilion, planted 10,000 flowers and trees, green shade as a cover, called the "Greenfield Hall". Pei's family has the name of "Greenfield Hall".
To the family in the scientific and technical achievements for the hall
In feudal society, some famous family talent, science and technology successive, envied by the world, and then for the hall. For example, the Tang Dynasty Quanzhou Lin Phi, nine sons, all officials in the assassination (commonly known as state pastor), the family prominent, the world admired, this branch of the Lin family to "nine pastor hall" for its hall number. Another example is the Song Linxiang Xu Wei deeds to filial piety, living in seclusion professor in Longtan Mountain, there are eight sons, after all well-known, known as "Xu's eight dragons", the descendants that is "eight dragons" for its hall number.
To the precepts and exhortation of future generations of maxims and rituals for the hall
This type of hall number in the family name of the self-sustaining hall number is more common. For example, "Cheng Zhi Tang", "Buben Tang", "Xiao Si Tang", "Xiao Yi Tang", "Shikong Hall", "Duxin Hall", "Dunlun Hall", "Hakqin Hall" and so on.
Family hall names with good wishes
These hall names are also more common. For example, "An Le Tang", "An Qing Tang", "Shao Xian Tang", "Chui Yu Tang", "Kai Hou Tang" and so on.
Feudal, posthumous or gleaming commendation for the hall
This type of hall for the successive dynasties of the imperial court or the local government to reward, gifts, gleaming from. Such as "Zhongwutang", "Zhongmintang", "section filial piety hall", "filial piety and righteousness hall" and so on.
In short, the hall number as a family emblem and alias, not only has obvious regional characteristics and blood connotations, but also with a strong feudal patriarchal color, is a family of a particular family name is a high degree of characteristics of the profile, but also a reflection of the social situation at that time. The same social function of distinguishing the clan, blood affinity. Its generation, development, and repair genealogy, build ancestral temple, ancestor worship, clan association activities at the same time.
Representatives of the hall
"Hall number" is also called "county number", the county is the administrative region of the establishment, but also the origin of a family name, the later generations of the deep with a long history, fear of loss, and therefore the establishment of "Hall number" and for the letter. Hall number" and for the letter. "Hall number" exactly how many, it is difficult to know, according to some people check, *** there are eighty halls, two hundred and sixty-seven surnames, the halls of the representative surnames and their places of residence are as follows:
01, Jiyang Hall: Ding, Bian, Jiang, Ke, but, Tao, Yu, Cai. Later Han set up Jiyin country, Jin changed Jiyang County, in present-day Dingtao District, Heze City, Shandong Province.
02, West River Hall: Bu, Lin, Zhuo, Zai, Jin. The name of the county in the Han Dynasty, now Suiyuan Erdos place, that is, Shanxi Lishi County.
03, Henan Hall: Yu, Shan, Fang, Mao, Yuan, Ping, Xiang, Li, Qiu, Yu, Lu, Chu, Lian, species. Today's River Nanyang County.
04, East Lu Church: Kong. Confucius was born in Lu, the place is named for the people, so it is called East Lu.
05, Yanmen Hall: Wen, Tian, Tong, Nong. During the Warring States period, it was the land of Zhao, and the county of Han, the land when the old Daizhou in Shanxi, north of Ningwu and the area of Shuo Ping and Datong.
06, Longxi Hall: cattle, Xin, Li, time, Peng, Dong. Qin County name, the place when Gansu old Lanzhou, Gongchang, Qinzhou provinces.
07, Tianshui Hall: Yin, Pi, Ai, Di, Gui, Qin, Zhuang, Zhao, Yan, Shangguan. County name during the Han Dynasty, in the territory of Gansu Wei County, that is, today's Fuqiang land.
08, Pingyang Hall: Qiu, Wang, Wu, Lai, Chang, Feng, tube, Wei, Ou, Rao. Three Kingdoms Wei county name, in Shanxi Linfen County.
09, Wu Xing Hall: water, You, Shen, Ming, Yao, Shi. Three Kingdoms Wu County name, now in Zhejiang Province, Huzhou City, Wu Xing.
10, Taiyuan Hall: Wang, Yang, Qi, Yi, Wu, Zhu, Gong, Wen, Huo, Yan, Yuchi. Taiyuan, Fenzhou two provinces and Baode, Pingding, Xinzhou all over.
11, Gao Ping Tang: Ba, Fan. The name of the country during the Han Dynasty, now in Xuyi County, Anhui Province.
12, Nanyang Hall: Bai, Shu, Hu, Ji, Xu, Long, Ye, Zhai, Han, Le, Deng, Cen. The name of the county in the Qin Dynasty, referring to the area of Nanyang in Henan Province and Xiangyang in Hubei Province in general.
13, Jingzhaotang: Shen, Shi, Song, Bie, Leng, Du, Che, Zong, Duan, Ji, Wei, Chao, Gao, Pu, Xiang, Kang, Shu, Yong, Shou, Feng, Li, Huangfu. It was one of the three auxiliaries of the Han Dynasty and governed the area east of Chang'an to Huaxian County.
14, Bohai Hall: Gan, Feng, Gao, Ouyang. The name of the county in Han Dynasty, the land covers all parts of Hezhang, Cangxian and Anji in Hebei Province, and south to the territory of Wu Di in Shandong Province.
15, Ru Nan Hall: left, words, Ru, Zhou, South, Yin, Shang, Mei, Liao, Yuan, blue. Han county name, the land governed by Henan old Ru Ning, Chenzhou two provinces and Anhui Yingzhou province.
16, Wuling Hall: Ran, Hua, Long, Gong, Gu. County name during the Han Dynasty, now Changde County, Hunan Province.
17, Shangdang Hall: Fan, Bao, Shang, Lian, Bao. County name during the Qin Dynasty, in southeastern Shanxi, now Changzi County.
18, Chenliu Hall: Yi, Ruan, Yu, Xie. County name during the Han Dynasty, Jin for the country, now Chenliu County, Henan Province, later moved to Kaifeng.
l19, Shanggu Hall: Cheng, Hou, Guan, Rong. The name of the county in Qin, the land governed Baoding, Yizhou, Xuanhua and Shuntian provinces, all in Hebei province.
20, Peiguo Hall: Zhu. Han set up the county, the latter Han changed the country, in Anhui Su county territory.
21, Jinyang Hall: Kuang, Tang, Jing. The name of the county in the Qin and Han dynasties, now in Taiyuan, Shanxi.
22, Xin'an Hall: ancient. Three Kingdoms Wu County name, in Chun'an County, Zhejiang Province.
23, Wuwei Hall: Shi, An, Jia. Han Wu Di county name, that is, Gansu Province, Wuwei County.
24, Lean Hall: Ren. Southern Song Dynasty county name, Sui abolished, in Shandong Province, Guangrao County.
25, Feng Yi Hall: Ji, Lei. It is the name of the county in Han Dynasty, which was under the jurisdiction of Zuofengyi, i.e. Dali County in Shaanxi Province.
26: Zhongshan Hall: Zhong, Tang, Lin. It was the name of a state in the Spring and Autumn Period, belonging to the state of Xianyu in Northern Di, which is now in Zhengding County, Hebei Province.
27, Xiping Hall: pool. East Han County, present-day Xining County, Gansu.
28, An Ding Church: Wu, Hu, Xi, Liang, Cheng. The name of the county in the Han Dynasty, in Gansu old Pingliang, Guyuan, Jingzhou territory.
29, Donghai Hall: there, Mao, Xu. County in the Han Dynasty, the place when the southeast of Shandong Yanzhou, Jiangsu Pi County to the east.
30, Hedong Hall: travel, Xue, Pei, Chu, Nie. The name of the county in the Qin Dynasty, that is, Shanxi Xixia County.
31, Xiapi Hall: Que. The name of the country in the Later Han Dynasty, i.e. the land of Pi County in Jiangsu Province.
32, Yanling Hall: Wu. In the Spring and Autumn period, Wu Yi, Ji Zha sealed Yanling, now will be Su Wujin County.
33, Lujiang Hall: River. County name during the Han Dynasty, in Lujiang County, Anhui Province.
34, Beihai Hall: Xing, Lang. Han county name, the Eastern Han Dynasty to change the country, the land territory of Shandong Yidu east to Yecheng County area.
35, Pingling Hall: Meng. Spring and Autumn Qi Yi, now Shandong Lixing County.
36, Pengcheng Hall: Jin, Liu, money. Han county name, present-day Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province.
37, Qinghe Hall: room, Fu, Zhang. Han County name, when Hebei Qinghe, Gucheng, Zaoqiang, Nangong counties and Shandong Qingping, En County, Guanxian, Gaotang, Linqing, Wucheng area.
38, Dongpingtang: flower. The name of the Han country, that is, Dongping County, Shandong Province.
39, Boling Hall: Shao. The name of a Jin state, later changed to a county, now in Anping County, Hebei Province.
40, Shanyangtang: Yue. Han county name, the former city in Henan Xiuwu County, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, the abolition of Emperor Xian as Shanyang Gong.
41, Xingyang Hall: Chang, Pan, Zheng. Han during the Warring States period, present-day Henan Province, around Xingyang, Chenggao.
42, Linhai Hall: Qu. Wu in the Three Kingdoms, the eastern part of the Branch will be set up Linhai, in Zhejiang Province, formerly known as Taizhou.
43, Fanyang Hall: Zou, Jane, Yan. Ancient county name, i.e. present-day Zhuo county, Hebei province.
44, Qi county hall: Cha, Yan, Qin, Fu, Tan. Han time county name, later changed to country, present-day Shandong Linzi land.
45, Gao Yang Hall: Ji, Geng. County name during the Han Dynasty, present-day Gaoyang County, Hebei Province.
46, Dunhuang Hall: Hong. The name of the county in Han Dynasty, now Dunhuang County in western Gansu.
47, Wei County Hall: Park. The name of the state in the Spring and Autumn Period, in the territory of Richeng County, Shanxi Province.
48, Fufeng Hall: Ma, Ban, Lu, Wan, Lu. It is the name of a county established in Sui Dynasty in the area of Fufeng and Fengxiang in Shanxi Province.
49、Chianxitang: Ni. It is the name of a county in the Han Dynasty, located in the area of Dicheng and Yidu in Shandong Province.
50、Hui Ji Tang: Xia. The name of the county in Qin Dynasty, the place when the east of Jiangsu Province, the west of Zhejiang Province, i.e. present-day Shaoxing.
51, Hanoi Hall: Xun, Sima. The name of the county in Han Dynasty, which is located between the Yellow River and Taihang Mountains in Henan Province, i.e. the area of Wuling and Qinyang nowadays.
52, Guangling Hall: Gong, Sheng. Han country name, later changed to county, today's Jiangsu all county land.
53, Xue County Hall: sea. The name of the county in the Qin Dynasty, the land governed by the southwestern Shandong Province, northeastern Jiangsu Province.
54, Hetang: Ling Zhang Zhan. The name of the state in Han Dynasty, later Wei changed to county, in Hebei Xianxian and Hezhang area.
55, Nanchang Hall: Tu. Han county name, in Jiangxi Nanchang land, Hongzhou Tu for Yuzhang prestige.
56, Yuzhang Hall: Luo. Han County name, in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang County.
57, Yingchuan Hall: Chen, Wu, Lai, Chung. Qin county name, the land governed by the old Henan Xuzhou, Chenzhou, Ru Bao, Ruzhou provinces, covering the Yingshui basin.
58, Protector of the State Hall: Feng, Bian, Dai, Ji. Spring and Autumn Chen Jiao Yi, now Bo County, Anhui Province.
59, Yuhang Hall: Kui. Sui county name, the Tang resumed for Hangzhou, now Hang County, Zhejiang Province.
60, Fenyang Hall: Guo. Han place name, Tang merged into Yangqu, in Shanxi Province, Tang general Guo Ziyi was sealed in this, and thus the name of the transmission.
61, Langya Hall: Fu, Yun, Zhuge. Qin county name, the land governed by the old Shandong Yanzhou, Yinyin, Yi, Lai four provinces, later Han for the country, in Linyi County.
62, Guangping Hall: You, He, talk. The name of the county in Han Dynasty, later changed into a state, now in the land of Jize County, Hebei Province.
63, Jiangxia Hall: Fei, Huang. Name of the county in Han Dynasty, in the territory of Yunmeng, Hubei Province.
64, Liaoxi Hall: Xiang. The name of the county in Qin, with the area of Yongping, Chengde, Chaoyang, Jinzhou and Xinmin, between Liaoning and Hebei.
65, Plain Hall: East. Han county name, in Shandong, the old Wuding, Jinan, the west of the two provinces, and Leling, Changqing area, that is, Plain County land.
66, Dunqiu Hall: Ge, Sikong. Spring and Autumn Weiyi, in Joon County, Henan Province.
67, Hongnong Hall: Yang. County name in Han Dynasty, in Lingbao County, Henan Province.
68, Baiji Hall: Fu. The name of a country in the Spring and Autumn Period, in the present-day Korean Peninsula.
69, Neihuangtang: Luo. The name of a county in Han Dynasty, in present-day Neihuang County, Henan Province.
70, Jiangling Hall: Xiong. Chu Ying in the Spring and Autumn, Han set the county, Song changed the capital, now Jiangling, Hubei.
71, Julu Hall: Wei. Qin county name, Jin for the country, now Hebei Julu, Ning Jin area.
72, Lanling Hall: Lan. Jin county name, in Shandong Yixian, the Southern Song Dynasty Song moved Changlu, in the Teng County territory.
73, Xie Liang Hall: Guan. Spring and Autumn Jin Yi, the land of Shanxi Xiexian, Linjin, Yuxiang places, the later Han Guan Yu, that is, the solution is also.
74, Yanshan Hall: Dou. Liao Yanjing, Song changed Yanshan Province, the land territory of northern and northeastern Hebei Province.
75、Wugong Tang: Su. It is the name of a county in Shaanxi, Shanxi, which is now known as Wugong County.
76、Shi Ping Tang: Weng, Feng, Pang. It was the name of a county in the Jin Dynasty, but was changed to Shiping by the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms, and was located near Xianyang.
77, Liang State Hall: Mo, Bridge. Liang Guo in Han Dynasty, later Wei changed to county, Tang changed to Songzhou, in Shangqiu County, Henan Province.
78, Jinan Hall: Fu, Ning. Early Han Dynasty county name, that is, in present-day Shandong Licheng County.
79, Pingchang Hall: red, Meng, tube, away. The Three Kingdoms Wei county name, public security hill, in present-day Anqiu County, Shandong Province.
80, Penglai Hall: Rao surname. Rao Lu descendants, today's Jiangxi Fuzhou, Shangrao area.
81, Puyang Hall: 爰. The name of the county in Han, later Wei changed the county, that is, the ancient Diqiu, in Hebei Puyang County and Shandong Pu County area.
82, Silent Li Hall: Cui family name. County Qinghe Cui, now in Hebei Province, around Qinghe.
83, Junyi Hall: Bao surname.
84, Huifeng Hall: Rao surname, Huifeng is the spring breeze, warm and pleasant. During the dynasty, Rao Wei was the governor of Luyang, and he carried out political affairs like a warm spring breeze, which won the hearts of the people.
85, Linchuan Hall: Rao surname.
86, Sansha Hall: Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province, there are three sand, namely, white sand, high sand, yellow sand. Legend has it that the three brothers Jian, Kisaki, town, to avoid the military in the sub Ning, each living in a sand. Originally known as "Yongmutang".
87, Shuangfeng Hall: Chibi City, Hubei Province, Rao's descendants for the three sand, hall number for the Shuangfeng Hall. There are also Hubei Jiangxia, Xianning, Wuchang, Ezhou and other Sansha descendants originally used this hall number, in 2011 when the joint revision of genealogy was changed to Pingyang Hall.
88, Hanli Hall: Liu surname. Emperor Han's ancestral tomb is located in Jiangsu Feng County, Jin Liu Zhai Liu's descendants are descendants of Han Gaozu Liu Bang, generations for the Emperor Han's ancestral tomb to fill the graves of sacrifice, in order to show that they are Liu Bang's descendants and in the Emperor Han's hometown, so the family shrine is built "Hanli Shrine", so the hall number is the Hanli Hall.
89, the Hall of Fame and Luck: name, name, fame, fame and fortune in one, is the continuation of the value of the character, career. Hall master Lan Mingjun integration of Chinese culture bearing the spirit of the nation, the implementation of the Chinese people to the country for the honor, to the family for the honor, to the name of the honor to commend the energy of the people's work for the sublimation of morality and the continuation of the people's hearts.
Article source: Chinese Hundred Surnames Source