Zhenhai tower and Zhenshi in Guangzhou.
Yuexiu Mountain, known as the main mountain in Guangzhou, has a magnificent zhenhai tower, also known as Wanghai Tower. Because the building is five stories high, the valley is five stories high and 28 meters high, it is the largest zhenhai tower in China. Zhu Liangzu, the marquis of Yongjia who was guarding Guangzhou in the Ming Dynasty, was "the one who suppressed the differences between Ziyun and Huang Qi" and asked the court for approval. 1380 (13th year of Hongwu in Ming dynasty), when the Guangzhou city wall extended to Yuexiu Mountain, zhenhai tower was built, which is said to be "a magnificent city and a grand view of three cities". Therefore, it is both a city defense building and a feng shui building. Before the Ming Dynasty, there were three dynasties and ten emperors in Guangzhou. Since the establishment of zhenhai tower, there have never been any local emperors and traitors with different ambitions. "Southeast domineering scattered like smoke", "the river outside the building sealed Han". As Hu said: "Looking at the building at night, the white clouds are still in Han and Autumn".
Due to natural and man-made reasons, zhenhai tower has been destroyed and rebuilt many times in history, no less than ten times. It is said that every time it is repaired, Guangzhou will develop. People say it is "the tallest building in the city". Qu Dajun, a Qing Dynasty man, said, "Although the Yellow Crane cannot cross Yueyang." "Yangcheng Ancient Banknotes" says that it is "magnificent and the first scenic spot in Lingnan". "Guangdong Tongzhi" and "Nanhai County Records" think that "Lingnan wonders are the most natural" and "it is actually the first floor south of Wuling." Throughout history, it has been highly respected until today. Ancient books have always been recorded, leaving many poems and articles, which is a must-see spot for domestic and foreign tourists to visit Guangzhou.
From the point of view of scenic spots, Yuexiu Mountain is the main mountain in Guangzhou, while zhenhai tower is the first scenic spot in Guangzhou. In the past 600 years, Lingnan Town has played an irreplaceable role. Because it is "the highest place in the fairy city" (in Qiu language), it is possible to "storm Kyushu" (in Kang Youwei language) and "the flying building is as heavy as a strong south fan, overlooking the north gate". The blue sky is surrounded by rivers and seas, and streams and mountains are like palms. "Not only can you appreciate the domineering of ancient kings, but you can also appreciate the scenery of Guangzhou's landscape city and the beautiful scenery of" one stream around Zhuhai ".
Zhenhai tower is now the Guangzhou Museum, where you can visit the exhibition of historical relics built in Guangzhou for more than 2,000 years. On the front of the top floor hangs a couplet inscribed by Peng Yulin, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi: "There are still more than a thousand dangerous houses robbed. Ask who will take the lead and be arrogant; Five hundred years later, Hou An was there, which made me look at the sword beside the column and shed tears on the hero. " A little domineering, a little tragic, and moxibustion has a large population.
In the history of zhenhai tower, "zhenhai tower" and "Yuexiu Tower" are listed as "Eight Scenes of Yangcheng" in Qing Dynasty and modern times, which are famous at home and abroad.
Guangzhou has not only Zhenhai architecture, but also Zhenhai stone, that is, Haizhu stone.
In ancient times, the Pearl River was as wide as 3,000 meters (today, the narrowest point is only 100 meters), so it was called Xiaohai, hence the name zhenhai tower. Guangzhou also has Zhenshi, the Haizhu Stone in the ancient Pearl River. It was alluvial by river sand and silted by river bed, and it was connected with the north bank at the beginning of this century. When the long embankment road was built in the 1930s, it was completely buried underground and there were many high-rise buildings. At the beginning of this year, when the municipal engineering was excavated, it was dug out and the light of day was seen again. Experts urgently call for the protection of Haizhu stone! The municipal government decided to protect the exposed part (30-60 meters) for citizens and tourists to visit.
In ancient times, Haizhu stone stood by the river, also known as Haizhu Island, and was famous for its town stone. "God drives the stone to stand, and the crystal gushes" (Ming Lun slang). In the Ming Dynasty, Liang Chu's poem Haizhu Stone said: "Who drove the stone to the middle of the river? Tiandao is the ancient meeting of Yangcheng Town. " It is said that this is the stone of Guangzhou. There are Cidu Temple (also known as Haizhu Cidu Temple, built in South Han Dynasty), Wenxi Temple and Haizhu Fort on the island. In the early years of the Republic of China, it was turned into Haizhu Park, which is a famous tourist attraction and dragon boat race place in history.
Legend has it that Haizhu stone is transformed from beads left by foreign businessmen, so it is also called walking bead stone. Zheng Huinan, a poet in A Qing, wrote the poem Haizhu Stone: "Jia Hu accidentally flew a pearl into the East China Sea with Mazu Tempel in his hand. Treasures can't keep secrets when they are channeling, but they spit brilliance every night. White rolls floated out of the pearl garden, and Pearl Girl dared not pick pearls. " It is a huge Cretaceous red gravel reef, located in Aiqun Building, Yong 'antang, West Changjiang Road. It is more than 65438 meters long and 50 meters wide. Due to long-term river erosion, it is as round as a pearl, and water waves and light waves reflect and glow. Hai Shuai wrote about the tour of Haizhu Temple: "Li Long in the South China Sea doesn't love pearls, and Shui Xin is lonely at night", saying that Haizhu Stone will glow at night. It seems to float on the sea because of the tidal changes in the Pearl River, which is very beautiful. Liang, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, said, "A stone floats in the middle of the river, breaking the red tide in two streams." What a dynamic view!
Haizhu Stone is also famous because Li (also known as Wenxi), a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, studied here. Wenxi Temple is built on the island, and Wenxi manuscripts are written. He is the first flower explorer in Guangzhou history, and has served as a doctor in university, a school book lang and an official assistant. So some people say that studying in Wenxi Temple can win the first prize.
Haizhu Stone (Island) is the core attraction of "Pearl River Autumn Moon (Color)" and "Pearl River Quiet Lan" in the eight scenic spots of Yangcheng in Song and Ming Dynasties, and there are more than 50 poems about it in past dynasties.
Traditional central axis of ancient city
The traditional central axis of the ancient city is about 5 kilometers from Yuexiu Mountain Zhenhai Tower, Zhongshan Monument, Zhongshan Memorial Hall, Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee Building, Municipal Government Building, People's Park and Haizhu Square to Haizhu Bridge. It started with the construction of Yuewangtai, Yuewanggong and Yuewangjing in Zhao Tuo, South Vietnam. There were Hulu Road and Youtai in the Southern Han Dynasty, Guanyin Pavilion and zhenhai tower in the Ming Dynasty. From Yuexiu Mountain to People's Park and Uprising Road, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China were all important places for government offices until liberation. It gradually formed after more than two thousand years. During the Republic of China, Zhongshan Monument, Zhongshan Memorial Hall, municipal government office building and Haizhu Bridge were built.
A Qing Dynasty Chen Gongyin described the mountains and rivers in Guangzhou as "the mountains and rivers in the north are on the ground, and the mountains and rivers in the south Kyushu are floating in the sky". The "peak on the ground" he said is Yuexiu Mountain, and the "floating to the sky" is the Pearl River (called the sea in ancient times, and it was also called crossing the sea when Guangzhou citizens transited from Hebei to Henan before the Cultural Revolution). Some experts described this central axis as a "shoulder pole that stirs mountains and rivers", which fully explained the historical weight of this central axis.
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is the largest memorial hall in China (with 5,000 seats), and it is also a world-famous traditional big roof building combining Chinese and western styles. Former Soviet Prime Minister Khrushchev and former Indian Prime Minister Nehru both tried to build one as usual, but both failed. The memorial hall consists of red columns, yellow walls and blue glazed tiles, with double eaves and octagonal pavilion roof. At the top of the hall is a large round ceiling inlaid with glass, which spans tens of meters and has no columns. The ventilation and sound are first-class. The tripod is 4 meters high, with 36 pieces of gold166 pieces and a weight of 1.8 kg. The whole appearance is solemn and majestic, which can be called a masterpiece of architectural art.
There are more than four traditional central axes: many cultural relics, many famous buildings, many ancient and famous trees, many professional shopping streets and high cultural gold content. It is the Millennium cultural axis of a famous city in Guangzhou. She is not only a natural scenery linked by mountains and rivers, but also a magnificent landscape axis, which is the first choice for Guangzhou tourism.
Article 16 of the Regulations on the Protection of Historical and Cultural Cities in Guangzhou stipulates that "the architectural form, volume, height and style of newly built, expanded and rebuilt buildings must be in harmony with the natural landscape and human landscape." The Municipal Planning Bureau is working out a protective control plan.
Axis of Tianhe New City
The central axis of the new town is the central axis of the new development zone planned and constructed after Tianhe New Town and Zhujiang New Town. It starts from Shougouling in the north, passes through East Railway Station (Square), CITIC Building (80th floor), tianhe sports center and Haixinsha Island, and crosses the central axis of the new town from the Pearl River to Pazhou Tower and Luoxi New Passenger Port. The buildings and green landscape in the north of Tianhe Road, marked by CITIC Plaza, China Mayor Building and Metropolitan Plaza, have been formed. The modern high-rise buildings and green squares in this area show the modern urban features of Guangzhou's new city center. Compared with the traditional central axis of the ancient city, it has different styles and characteristics, which embodies the bright future of Guangzhou's urban development and modernization and is the most attractive landscape for Guangzhou to develop urban tourism. At present, Tianhe City, Hongcheng Square and Guangzhou Book Shopping Center near Tianhe Road have become popular shopping and tourist areas, and the nearby 1 subway station is one of the most popular subway stations.
The Green Landscape of Baiyun Mountain and Yuexiu Mountain
Baiyun Mountain, known as the "green lung" of Guangzhou, is a famous provincial-level scenic spot. The scenic area covers an area of 2 1 km2, with beautiful scenery, towering old trees and convenient transportation. It is a famous tourist destination. It consists of more than 30 peaks. Mount Moxingling, the main peak, is 382.3 meters above sea level, which is the highest point of the whole mountain. Every year, the Double Ninth Festival is a hot spot for citizens to climb mountains. Overlooking the panoramic view of Guangzhou, you can have a panoramic view of the new city and ancient city, with the Pearl River in the south and Baiyun Airport in the north.
Yuexiu Mountain, opened as a park in 1950s, is the largest comprehensive cultural leisure park in Guangzhou, covering an area of 820,000 square meters, including three artificial lakes with a water area of 66,900 square meters.
Baiyun Mountain and Yuexiu Mountain are located in the northern profile of the urban area, stretching for dozens of miles from east to west. The ancients called it "green hills half into the city", which is a very beautiful green landscape. Not only is the natural landscape beautiful, but it also plays a role in regulating the climate in Guangzhou, with elegant environment and fresh air. It is a good place for citizens to enjoy leisure and sightseeing, and it is also the largest and best tourist spot in Guangzhou, receiving more than 6.5438+million domestic tourists every year.
This kind of green landscape has a high cultural taste and is unique.
First, it has a long history. It is a famous scenic spot in history, with a history of more than 2,000 years since the Qin and Han Dynasties.
Second, there are many legends and stories. Such as the legend of Qin Shihuang and An Qisheng.
Third, there are many cultural relics. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Yuewangjing, Hulu Road, zhenhai tower, Guchuting, Baiyun Fairy Hall, Jiulongquan, Tiannan First Peak Archway, as well as numerous ancient tombs, celebrity relics and sites.
Fourth, there are many religious temples. Such as Sanyuan Palace, Jingtai Temple, Mingzhu Building, Nengren Temple and Shuangxi Temple. There are 13 temples in Baiyun Mountain alone in history.
Fifth, there are many unique park tourist spots. Such as Yuexiu Park, Luhu Park, Sculpture Park, Yuntai Garden, Peak Park and Shanbei Principality.
Sixth, there were eight scenic spots in Yangcheng in the past dynasties, and there were 1 1 scenic spots.
Pearl River scenic tourist line
The Pearl River is the mother river of Guangzhou people. For thousands of years, ancestors have thrived here, built a beautiful Guangzhou city and created a splendid Lingnan culture.
The Guangzhou section of the Pearl River has beautiful scenery, and there are many cultural relics, historic sites and characteristic buildings on both sides. Such as Shimen Scenic Area, European architecture in Shamian Scenic Area, Guangdong Customs Bell Tower, Post Office Building, South Building, Aiqun Building, Yong 'antang, Jiangwan New City Building, Marshal Sun Yat-sen's Mansion, Pazhou Tower, Chigang Tower, Whampoa Military Academy, Changzhou Fort, Changzhou Cultural Tourism Scenic Area, Boluo Temple, Lotus Tower, Xiaheng Road, Humen Fort, Nansha Fort and Longxue Island.
The area from South Building, Aiqun Building to Yong 'antang, known as the "Bund" of Guangzhou, has always been the symbol of Guangzhou. There are quite a few major bank headquarters, hotels, restaurants, theaters and department stores in Guangzhou, and the relevant municipal departments plan to build this place into a leisure pedestrian street.
There are 1 1 bridges across the river in Guangzhou section of the Pearl River, and there are many Jiang Xindao, among which the largest Henan Island has more than 90 square kilometers, where rivers crisscross and fruit trees are fragrant. The 10,000-acre orchard in Nijiao is called the "South Lung" of Guangzhou.
Now, the former channel has become a travel channel. In recent years, the municipal government has invested hundreds of millions of yuan to renovate the Pearl River embankment, install lighting, and carry out greening and landscape construction, initially showing the new beauty on both sides of the strait, and Guangzhou's "Seine River" will be built here. Builders on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are advertising river view buildings, and real estate prices are also rising. Night tour of the Pearl River is one of the popular tourist routes in Guangzhou.
Cultural landscape of the ancient capital of Nanyue country
Since the 1980s, Guangzhou has successively discovered the tomb of Nanyue King in the Western Han Dynasty, the underground stone structure of Nanyue Palace, Nanyue Imperial Garden and Nanyue Palace, which are major archaeological discoveries in Lingnan area, and are listed as the top five and top ten archaeological discoveries in China respectively.
These cultural relics from the South Vietnam period more than 2,000 years ago are very rich in content, many of which were discovered for the first time in Guangzhou and China, and have very precious value.
1983, the tomb of Zhao Mo, the second generation king of South Vietnam, was discovered in Xianggangshan, Jiefang North Road, more than 2 100 years ago. It is the earliest stone tomb painted with murals in the early Western Han Dynasty with the largest scale and the most funerary objects in Lingnan area, and it was designated as one of the five new archaeological discoveries in China by Archaeological Yearbook. More than 0/000 pieces (sets) of cultural relics/kloc-have been unearthed, such as "Wendi Seal" gold seal, silk jade clothes, etc., and martyrs 15 people. This is of great value to the study of the development of Lingnan area, the development of urban material culture and the history of Nanyue country in Qin and Han Dynasties. The cemetery has now built the "Museum of the Tomb of Nanyue King in the Western Han Dynasty".
Since 1995, Nanyue Palace, waterside pavilion, royal garden and palace ruins have been discovered in the area from Zhong You Street of Zhongshan 4th Road to Children's Park, which reflects the material life and social and cultural conditions of the palace at that time, especially the underground stone buildings are unique in China, comparable to ancient Rome. The Royal Garden is the first royal garden in China. Can be said to be priceless. At present, the area of 48,000 square meters from Zhong You Street to Beijing Road Finance Department has been listed as a cultural protection area, and the children's park will be relocated to continue underground excavation. The municipal government decided to build Nanyue Museum here. Experts predict that there will be a surprise for the citizens in the near future!
It is particularly worth mentioning that overseas cultural relics unearthed in recent years, such as silver boxes, glass bowls, ivory, agate, bronze incense burners, and silver coins, are physical evidence of Guangzhou, the birthplace of the Maritime Silk Road, indicating that Guangzhou had trade with overseas during the Qin and Han Dynasties, and it is also proof that the Maritime Silk Road was earlier than the onshore Silk Road.
Modern revolutionary landscape of Xianlie Road
Guangzhou is the birthplace of China's modern revolution, where Hong Xiuquan led the revolutionary movement of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Kang Youwei held a "10,000 mu thatched cottage" in Guangzhou, and trained a group of revolutionary backbone talents of the Reform Movement. Teachers and students of Whampoa Military Academy held the Eastern Expedition and Northern Expedition here; Sun Yat-sen led an uprising to overthrow the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty in Guangzhou, and established a revolutionary regime here three times. * * * The producer led the Guangzhou Uprising. A series of epic revolutionary struggles have shocked revolutionary events at home and abroad, produced a number of revolutionary heroes, and left behind a number of revolutionary memorial buildings and sites, the most concentrated of which is Martyr Road, with more than 10 modern revolutionary cultural relics protection units, which is a good classroom for revolutionary heroism and patriotism education. Among them, the most famous are Huanghuagang 72 Martyrs Cemetery, 19th Route Army Martyrs Cemetery and Guangzhou Uprising Martyrs Cemetery.
1959 when I went to study at Sun Yat-sen University, the first place I wanted to visit in Guangzhou was the tomb of the seventy-two martyrs in Huanghuagang, because I learned it in primary school. It has become Huanghuagang Park, a revolutionary holy land and a major tourist spot in Guangzhou. It receives many tourists every year, including more than 300,000 foreign tourists. Especially when overseas Chinese come to Guangzhou, they all go to Huanghuagang to pay homage to the tomb of the martyrs and offer wreaths.
Huanghuagang 72 Martyrs Cemetery is located in Xianlie Middle Road, covering an area of 6.5438+0.6 million square meters. It is the cemetery of 72 martyrs who died heroically in 19 1 1 led by Sun Yat-sen in order to overthrow the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty, launch an uprising in Guangzhou and attack the Governor's Office of Guangdong and Guangxi. 19 12 was funded by the Guangdong military government. 19 19 was funded by overseas Chinese to build tombs, chicken houses, platforms, square halls and other buildings, and then Huanghua Pavilion, Xiting and main entrance were added. 1954 was expanded again, forming today's grand, magnificent, solemn memorial garden with green trees sprouting and yellow flowers all over the garden. The main entrance is the Arc de Triomphe building, and the golden characters inscribed by Sun Yat-sen are engraved on his forehead. There are 230-meter tombs, Chi Pan, stone arch bridges, tombstones of 72 martyrs, and Jigong Square where 72 martyrs of the Republic of China summed up. There are also pine trees planted by Sun Yat-sen and the Statue of Liberty holding the torch high. 196 1 year, the State Council was announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China. 1986 was named as one of the eight scenic spots in Yangcheng-Huanghua Qi Hao.
The 19th Route Army Cemetery covers an area of 52,000 square meters. Founded in 1928, the main buildings include the granite Arc de Triomphe, the Roman column monument, the semi-circular colonnade, the gatehouse pavilion, the monument for heroes, the anti-Japanese pavilion, the tomb of Cai Tingkai and Jiang Guangnai, the tomb of soldiers, the memorial hall for martyrs, the embossed wall and the exhibition hall.
Guangzhou Uprising Martyrs Cemetery is located at the junction of Xianlie South Road and Dongfeng Road. The main entrance is engraved with the eight characters of "Guangzhou Uprising Martyrs Cemetery" inscribed by Zhou Enlai. The name of the lacquer gold tablet inscribed by Deng Xiaoping is engraved on the Guangzhou Uprising Monument. In the center of the cemetery is a martyr's tomb bag, with Zhu De's inscription on the chest wall: "Guangzhou Commune Martyrs' Tomb", as well as "China-DPRK People's Blood Friendship Pavilion", "China-Soviet People's Blood Friendship Pavilion", Four Martyrs' Tomb, Ye Jianying Monument, Guangdong Revolutionary History Memorial Hall and Guangzhou Modern History Museum. "Red Mausoleum Rising Sun" is one of the eight scenic martyrs in Yangcheng.
There are Deng's Tomb, Xingzhonghui Cemetery, Sharla Cheung's Tomb, Deng Zhongyuan's Tomb, Shi Jianru's Tomb and so on.
There are so many cemeteries, heroes' tombs and memorial buildings on the road for several kilometers, which is rare in China. This is a revolutionary cultural landscape with rich connotations.
Religious cultural landscape
There are religious and cultural landscapes on the west side of the traditional central axis of the city. From Jiefang North Road-Liu Rong Road-Xiaoguang Road-Guangta Road-Yide Road, there are seven religious and cultural tourist spots, including Sanyuan Palace, Liu Rong Temple, Guangxiao Temple, Xiaoguangtang, Huaisheng Temple, Wuxian Temple and Shishi Sacred Heart Hall, especially Buddhism and Taoism.
Located on the west side of Lanpu, Jiefang North Road, the Muslim Sage Tomb is a typical Arab tomb and is regarded as a holy place by international Muslims. The cemetery is surrounded by high brick walls, with a garden-like layout inside, and there are buildings such as a hall and a church. There is also a famous Islamic cemetery nearby. Every year, Arab businessmen and other visiting Arab friends who come to Guangzhou to attend the China Export Commodities Fair will go to worship.
Sanyuan Palace is located in Yingyuan Road, formerly known as Zhaogang Garden, which was built by Taishoubao of Nanhai in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was renamed Wuming Temple in the Tang Dynasty and Sanyuan Palace in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (Taoism takes heaven, pool and water as three elements). It is the longest existing Taoist temple in Guangzhou. Ge Hong, a religious philosopher and scientist, has been to this temple. The architectural style of Sanyuan Palace is very unique. Every first and fifteenth day, there is a sea of people.
Temple of Liu Rong. Located on Liu Rong Road. Founded in Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, it was originally named Baozhuangyan Temple and renamed Jinghui Temple in the Northern Song Dynasty. When Su Dongpo visited here, he saw six banyan trees in the temple, so he wrote down the word "six banyan", which was later called the six banyan temple. The Liurong Pagoda, built in the period of Liang Datong, is octagonal and nine-level (17-story), 57.6 meters high, with blue tiles with beads and red walls of Dan Zhu. It contains the relics that Master Tan Yu brought back from overseas. There is a stele gallery in the south and a number of precious cultural relics. Liurong Flower Pagoda is one of the landmark tourist attractions in Guangzhou.
Xiaoguang Temple is located in Xiaoguang Road, covering an area of 3 1000 square meters. The temple site was originally the palace of Zhao Jiande, the king of South Vietnam, and was later built into a temple. After the Southern Song Dynasty, it was called Guangxiao Temple. There is a saying in the society that "there is no sunshine before there is light", which shows that Guangxiao Temple has a long history. In 676 AD (the first year of Tang Yifeng), Huineng, the sixth ancestor of Zen Buddhism, was ordained here, and a bun tower and a hall were built for the sixth ancestor as a memorial. There are also the earliest East West Pagoda (cast in Southern Han Dynasty, also known as Thousand Buddha Pagoda) and Chebula Tree in China, which are famous at home and abroad. Xiaoguang Bodhi is one of the eight scenic spots in Yangcheng in Song Dynasty.
Small light path and Christian small light hall.
There is Wudang Five Immortals Temple on Huifu West Road, which was built in the Ming Dynasty and is a valley temple dedicated to the Five Immortals. There are statues of five immortals and five sheep in it, which is the birthplace of Guangzhou, also known as Yangcheng. There is also the first building in Lingnan built in the Ming Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, "Sui Dong Tian" and "Wuxia Cave" were listed as eight scenic spots in Yangcheng.
Yide Road has Sacred Heart Church (commonly known as Stone Chamber), which is the largest Catholic church in Guangzhou and the largest Gothic stone building in China. It is 58.5 meters high and took 25 years to build.