Through several years of practice and observation as a member of the defense Committee, I think it is beneficial to pay attention to the following questions in the defense of graduation thesis. First, be familiar with the content As a student who will take part in the graduation thesis defense, he must first have a deeper understanding and a more comprehensive understanding of the content of his thesis. The so-called "deep understanding" means having a horizontal grasp of the paper. These two aspects are to prepare for answering the questions raised by members of the defense Committee about the depth of the paper and related knowledge. For example, members of the National Defense Commission may ask about the relationship between "national brand" and "famous brand" in a paper entitled "Creating famous brand products and developing national industry". Although "national brands" may not be involved in the thesis, students must have a "comprehensive familiarity" and a "profound understanding" of their own papers, otherwise there will be an embarrassing situation. Second, charts are interspersed with any graduation thesis. Both arts and science involve the possibility of expressing the views of the thesis with charts to a greater or lesser extent, so I think this preparation should be made. Charts are not only an intuitive way to express opinions, but also a means to adjust the atmosphere of the defense meeting. Especially for the members of the private defense Committee, they will be rejected after listening for a long time, and they will no longer accept and absorb what you have discussed, which will have an impact on your graduation thesis defense performance. Therefore, you should properly insert charts or other media similar to charts in the defense process to improve your defense results. Third, it is generally the first time for students with moderate language flow to defend their graduation thesis. Numerous facts have proved that when they defend in front of many students, they often speak faster and faster, so that the defense members can't hear clearly, which affects the defense results. Therefore, defensive students must pay attention to the speed of language flow in the process of defense, be urgent and slow, be light and heavy, and not bombard the audience like a barrage. Fourth, during eye movement, graduates can generally leave the manuscript, or they can leave the manuscript completely. But no matter what kind of construction, we should pay attention to our eyes, so that our eyes often glance at the defense Committee members and classmates at the meeting. This is a way for you to make eye contact with the audience and make them interested in your topic. At the graduation thesis defense meeting, because of the long listening time, members will inevitably be distracted. At this time, you will politely "pull" their gods back with the projection of your eyes, so that the members' ideas can keep up with you. V. Body language assistance Although the graduation thesis defense is mainly oral like other defenses, proper use of body language will assist your defense and make it better. Especially if the gesture language is used properly, it will be confident, powerful and irrefutable. On the contrary, if you stand up straight or bow your head all the time during the defense, even if your thesis is reasonable in structure, novel in theme and correct in conclusion, the defense effect will be greatly affected. Therefore, we must pay attention to the use of modality when defending our graduation thesis. Sixth, time control Generally speaking, in a more formal defense meeting, there is a time requirement for the debater. Therefore, graduate students should pay attention to grasping the time when defending their thesis. Time should be controlled vigorously, and the deadline will end soon. In this way, you are prepared, familiar with the mastery and control of the content, and it is easy to leave a good impression on the members of the defense Committee. Therefore, before you reply, sometimes you need to know what you want to reply.

How to write an innovative paper?

First of all, we need to know the importance of innovation in a paper. Now there are more and more papers on the Internet, many of which are cut and spliced by other papers. For an academic, this practice not only does not help academic research, but also wastes his own time.

If you want to write a good paper, you must know the significance of writing a paper, what is the difference between this paper and other papers that have appeared, and what contribution this paper can make. Compared with other papers, the contribution to other papers is actually the innovation of our paper.

Secondly, we need to know how to get the innovation of the paper. The innovation of the paper does not appear out of thin air. A good paper and a good innovation need a lot of knowledge accumulation. However, innovation is not simply the accumulation of knowledge. It requires us to read a lot of articles of scholars in the past, accumulate a lot of knowledge, and then stand on the shoulders of giants to see the problem, see farther and more thoroughly, and have our own new ideas. These new ideas are the innovation of our article.

Finally, talk about the innovative writing of the paper in detail.

When we study a topic, we must first accumulate knowledge related to the topic. This part of knowledge accumulation can come from our professional study, and can also be obtained by reading a lot of literature in the later period. After accumulating some knowledge, it constitutes a platform for our research. Our next step is to build a benchmark on this platform. The higher this pole is, the deeper we study it. So how does this pole make it taller? This requires us to read a lot of experts and scholars' research on this subject. When reading, we need to constantly think about what research they have done, what is worth learning and what we have different opinions. Where are the different views? What should we do? When we solve these problems, innovation comes out.

How to write an innovative paper?

The disadvantages of the phenomenon you find must be innovated accordingly. Can help.

How to write a model essay in graduation thesis innovation

Indicators, but the object of equity incentive is the management of the company, and the performance of the management should be measured when evaluating the effectiveness of the incentive. At present, most domestic studies do not distinguish between corporate performance and management performance. Considering the particularity of state-owned enterprises, this paper selects management performance as the measure of the effectiveness of equity incentive, and observes the real effect of equity incentive in state-owned enterprises after excluding the influence of market environment, market structure and enterprise resources on enterprise economic performance. It provides an empirical basis for the establishment of long-term and effective incentive system for state-owned enterprises in China.

3. Introduce the theory of relative performance evaluation. This paper systematically expounds the theory of relative performance evaluation, and based on the theory of relative performance evaluation and the characteristics of state-owned enterprises in China, determines the relative performance of state-owned listed companies from three different angles: accounting income, company development and stock income.

4. Use the new model. In the empirical analysis of the effectiveness of equity incentive in China's state-owned listed companies, this paper does not directly use the previous models, but makes a regression comparison of various models to explore the best model, so that the regression results can reflect the relationship between equity incentive ratio and operating performance more truly and accurately, which has direct reference significance for China's state-owned listed companies.

In the research on equity incentive of state-owned listed companies, the author deeply felt the infinite seconds of this research topic. Although the author has done a lot of research and efforts, but because the personal understanding of equity incentives is not deep enough, coupled with personal energy and ability is limited, this paper still has the following shortcomings:

1, limitations of the research object. In this paper, the management equity incentive is only aimed at state-owned listed companies, but the management incentive problem exists not only in state-owned listed companies, but also in a large number of state-owned unlisted companies. Because it is difficult to collect and sort out the relevant data of state-owned unlisted companies, the conclusion of this paper may only be applicable to state-owned listed companies, and its applicability to state-owned unlisted companies needs to be studied, which leads to the lack of application basis for the promotion of research results.

2. Limitations of data selection. Because this paper selects the data after the share-trading reform as the research sample, the time of the share-trading reform in China is very short, and the relevant laws and regulations are not perfect, so there are not many state-owned listed companies that implement equity incentives, resulting in a relatively small sample size.

3. Limitations of index selection. This paper chooses relative performance as the explanatory variable. Due to the difficulty in quantifying non-financial indicators and the particularity of performance evaluation of state-owned enterprises in China, this paper only chooses a single financial indicator when measuring relative performance, and does not build a comprehensive relative performance evaluation system. Secondly, there are many factors that affect the effectiveness of equity incentives. Due to the limitation of the author's knowledge reserve, only some control variables are selected in this study, which may not be considered in detail, which will affect the accuracy of the research results.

4. Limitations of research methods. In this paper, relative performance is chosen as a substitute variable of limited equity incentive, but the development time of relative performance evaluation theory is still short. There are many researches on the theory of relative performance evaluation abroad, but the research in China is still in its infancy. And most of them are used to study the salary of management, and almost no equity incentive is touched. Then the applicability of relative performance evaluation theory to equity incentive needs further testing.

5. Lack of verification. Due to the limitation of data collection and time, whether the performance of state-owned listed companies has changed before and after equity incentive has not been verified in descriptive analysis, which is another deficiency of this paper.

How to find the innovation of the paper and ask for advice?

Innovation is difficult, innovation is difficult. First of all, we must find the innovation point to realize the ways and methods of innovation. I think we can do this in several ways:

1。 Scientific research literacy is the first and necessary step of innovation.

First of all, I want to browse all the articles and academic papers of tutors, brothers and sisters, reports on successful applications for science funds, reports on unsuccessful applications, concluding reports, horizontal project reports and consulting reports, so as to understand what you have done in this field, your tutors and previous generations. This is very necessary for a master. This is equivalent to giving you scientific research literacy, which is also necessary for those interdisciplinary doctors.

2。 Finding and decomposing problems is the source of innovation.

If you can't even find the problem or don't know how to decompose it, then the basic skills of scientific research need to be strengthened and the way of thinking in scientific research needs to be changed. Attend lectures by well-known experts or fund committees or ministries. You can hear many descriptions of real problems, not necessarily how to solve them, but perhaps throw them out. Problem-oriented is often the starting point of our research. There are also some bugs that can be cut short, that is, pay attention to the application guidelines of national funds (natural science, social science, 863, 973, etc.). ) and the fund projects that have won the bid. These websites have statistical data and project lists of annual award-winning projects. Go and see more. If you are interested in a fund project in 2007, you can choose it when choosing a topic. When the fund is finished, your doctoral thesis will be almost the same. Although I was in two places, I'm sure the result was different. There is also more observation and more questions about why. Don't trust any authority, dare to question everything. What the tutor said is not necessarily right. Many major innovations are challenges to authority, and there are countless examples of this. If this problem is extended to medicine, you can see that people with stomach problems often eat very full and hungry, or often eat very full (it is said that eating too much often makes them stupid). In fact, wouldn't it be easier for people with stomach problems to eat "moderate deficiency"? The next question is: Then why is a moderate deficit enough? What medicine can we invent to make this person feel full or moderately deficient before his stomach is full? So the problem is to observe more detailed problems or problems that have happened at ordinary times. We often ask some questions that we are used to. I suggest you look at the annual Ig Nobel Prize.

3。 Reading literature-the path dependence of getting innovative inspiration or solving problems.

Read literature instead of reading. Many bugs also contribute a lot of experience. But people around me also know about wood bugs, but many people are still confused after reading so many experiences. What is the reason? I observed my classmates and colleagues around me and found that it is very important to do too little work and read too few paper periodicals. I think many wood worms send SCI, usually reading foreign journals, but now many foreign academic journals in libraries also have paper versions. By reading the paper version, you can browse the research related to the top journals in your field. Why can't some people find innovation? Maybe they just don't know what their research field is. Just browsing the paper version may be an irrelevant question, and what I accidentally saw inspired you. Electronic documents searched by computers are often searched by topics or keywords. Excuse me, can you guarantee that the keywords you set in advance are up to date? Innovation depends on articles on different topics, many of which come from interdisciplinary and other disciplines. Of course, some disciplines need the support of experimental equipment even if they want to innovate, which is also a process of constant running-in. If you want to find your own innovation, I think it is very important to read the literature. What do you think? First of all, prepare a modest notebook (which can be named scientific research inspiration book), preferably with a thick cover and a pen. Go to the periodical reading room of the library and write the questions you thought and heard before 1 2 (and write them in your special scientific research inspiration book) for at least 2 months. When reading a periodical, if any inspiration flashes, write it down immediately. Remember, you must write it down A good memory is better than a bad pen, and indicate the source. What problem did your inspiration solve? When reading periodicals, it is best to look at them from the catalogue, and browse anything that is slightly related. For scientific research of doing experiments, there are few Chinese periodicals ... >>

How to write the significance and innovation of graduation thesis topic selection

Provide an example of opening report model essay for reference only. You can ask me if you don't understand anything. I hope it will be helpful for your opening report writing. You can start writing according to the following parts:

Theoretical significance refers to the significance of the construction and research of the theoretical system of the discipline, which mainly depends on the professional background of the individual;

Practical significance refers to the significance of application, for example, it can be used as a reference for psychological counseling and school mental health classes to arouse the attention of the whole society to family education.

The practical significance of this graduation thesis research.

The problem to be solved in this study is how to encourage employees to show inhibitory protest behavior. The conclusion of this study can provide the following three suggestions for organizational management practice: First, the high-quality relationship between employees and their immediate superiors can promote employees' restraining admonition behavior, so it is very important to implement measures to cultivate high-quality relationships between employees and their immediate superiors in organizational management practice. From a broader perspective, it shows that the direct supervisor of the work team has a great influence on the performance of employees' inhibitory exhortation behavior. Therefore, from the perspective of direct superiors, the conclusion of this study has three implications for organizational management practice:

First of all, direct supervisors can cultivate high-quality relationships with employees (such as Burrisetal. , 2008), can reduce employees' worries before remonstrance and stimulate them to show more restrained remonstrance behavior. Secondly, the direct supervisor's feedback to the admonisher is also worth considering, and appropriate behavior feedback will in turn encourage employees to restrain the admonisher's behavior. For example, leaders should affirm employees' remonstrance behavior even if they don't adopt opinions, otherwise it will dampen employees' enthusiasm. Finally, organize training courses for leaders, so that leaders can understand the value of diverse opinions and opinions of team members for team operation, and let leaders develop an acceptance attitude towards employee suggestions.

Second, it is of great significance to establish a high degree of team identity. Building employees' sense of identity with the team is a long-term and uninterrupted task. From the beginning of employees joining the team to working in the team for a long time, we should constantly emphasize employees' sense of identity. Especially when new employees join the team, the process of organizational socialization they go through is very important for shaping team identity (Hogg, 200 1). The successful process of organizational socialization will enable employees to incorporate team identity into their self-concept at the first time, which will play a decisive role in employees' deeper identity with the team. In the subsequent long-term team interaction, managers should not forget to strengthen their personal sense of identity with the team. At this time, carrying out team activities and setting the same team goals can strengthen individual team identity (mael &; Ashforth, 1992).

Third, self-censorship will hinder employees' restraining admonition behavior. In real organizations, managers should take measures to create a positive and open atmosphere, enhance employees' psychological security (Kahn, 1990), and reduce employees' self-censorship. Only when individuals perceive that there is a positive atmosphere of remonstrance in the working environment can they experience less self-censorship, which is beneficial to remonstrance. In order to stimulate the restraining admonition behavior within the team, the work team should strive to establish a team atmosphere that supports employees' "abnormal" behavior.

Theoretical significance of this graduation thesis research.

This study provides important empirical materials for the development of the study of restraining admonition, and its theoretical significance is embodied in the following four aspects:

First of all, employees in an organization are often very aware of the problems existing in the surrounding working environment, workflow or task allocation within the team. Although they always talk about these issues in private, we rarely see employees protesting in public or in front of leaders (Milliken et al., 2003). Why can't employees' inner thoughts drive their willingness and behavior to protest? Based on the theory of planned behavior, this study discusses the above problems.

Since the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 199 1) was put forward, it has shown strong explanatory power and predictive power to the mechanism of individual "profit-making" behavior. As a rational person, whether an individual will make a certain behavior depends not only on the individual's attitude towards this behavior, but also on the subjective norms and behavior control perceived by the individual, which will also affect the individual's behavior intention and final behavior performance. As for the restraining protest itself, although employees clearly know that protest is a positive behavior that may be beneficial to the organization, expressing their inner worries and worries is likely to help the organization correct the problem ... >>

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How to write an innovative graduation thesis?

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