A survey of the habits of famous areas::

1) Dialect situation: In the criss-crossing residential areas of Fulao people and Guangfu people, dialects are mainly used to distinguish the people, and dialects are the signs to distinguish Fulao people from Guangfu people. Although Guangfu dialect is also widely used in this area, their language is mainly Li dialect, and the communication language in the area of Fulao nationality is Li dialect. In fact, in this area, there is a great difference between Guangfu people and Fulao people, that is, Guangfu people are generally not familiar with Li dialect. After all, the Fulao people are a dialect island formed in Dianbai, Maonan and Maogang districts, and they are a relatively weak group in the whole region. Their culture lives in the crevice of Guangfu culture, and only Guangfu culture has a great influence on their culture, while their culture has a weak influence on Guangfu culture, which is manifested in language. As Guangfu dialect and Northern Mandarin (Mandarin) are used as social communication languages, Li dialect is only used as Fulao people. There is another situation, that is, the Fulao people have become Guangfu people, which is widespread in this area. Their original dialect has been diluted, and they mainly or completely operate Guangfu dialect. Then I also think that they already belong to Guangfu people's family and exist. These situations will also be analyzed below.

(2) Village form: In the crisscross residential areas of Maonan District and Maogang District, mainly in the alluvial plain area in the middle and lower reaches of Meihua River, the land is not very fertile. These two areas are poor in land, and floods, droughts, winds and insects are very serious in history, so they are famous disaster areas. Maonan is thin and dry, and its development is late. During the Qianlong period, the emperor granted tax exemption in view of the fact that Gaozhou families had written a letter to reclaim land. At that time, there were few villages in Maonan area, and now most of the villages in the suburbs have only developed in the past two or three hundred years. Many villages in the urban area have gradually formed settlements since the middle of Qing Dynasty due to population reproduction and agricultural development. This also has the influence of Kangxi's ban on sea migration in the Qing Dynasty. For Meihuajiang river basin, it is naturally the first choice to develop residential areas because of its advantages of water resources. In my opinion, after the Liyue nationality was sinicized into Guangfu nationality, the Meihuajiang river basin was also a major residential area of Guangfu nationality, which is the reason why Meihuajiang formed the interlaced residential area and natural boundary between Fulao nationality and Guangfu nationality. The ancient Maonan area was sparsely populated, which also brought opportunities for the expansion of the Fulao people. In modern times, due to the increase of population, the arable land in this area decreased, the migration situation gradually slowed down, the villages were basically fixed, and the village scale began to develop. Located in the plain area, the village scale is relatively large, but it is based on the poor ridge of the land, which limits the development of the village scale. The villages of Fulao clan are relatively large. Because of their strong cohesion, unity and clan concept, they like to live in groups in order to resist external forces. At the same time, land is not a factor limiting their living in groups. They have strong business ability and can have room for development to the outside world.

(3) Surnames: In this area, there are many villages with single surnames, among which the villages with single surnames and main surnames account for a large proportion, while the villages with single surnames and main surnames of Guangfu people are smaller than those of Fulao people, with a large proportion of mixed surnames. This is because the formation of Guangfu clan is different from that of Fulao clan. Guangfu is an indigenous clan with a long historical accumulation and development, and the clan concept is not as strong as that of Fulao clan. Villages with mixed surnames are easy to form and develop. Fulao people are latecomers, they have a strong clan concept, and their migration and development are easy to form a village with a unique surname. The most common surnames of Fulao people are Zheng, Chen, Wu, Liu, Li, Yang, Lin, Ni and Liang, while those of Guangfu people are Huang, Li, Liang, Xu, Ke, Chen, Zhang, Xu and Deng. However, some surnames of Guangfu people's clan were also formed by immigrants from southern Fujian, such as Xu, Ke, Yang, Chen and Wu. The Fulao people's clan also had surnames evolved from Guangfu people's clan, with typical surnames of ancient slang such as Xian, Feng and Chen. From the analysis of surname genealogy, we can see the change of some ethnic groups in this area. A typical example is the surname Wu, who is the most popular surname of the Fulao clan in Aotou. In the process of moving westward, the surname Wu has evolved into the Guangfu clan, which is distributed in several villages in Zhensheng, such as Pengcun and Wushi. They have basically spoken Guangfu dialect. This evolution from the Fulao clan to the Guangfu clan is common in the later period, and there are also cases where the Guangfu clan evolved into the Fulao clan. For example, the residents of Yangjiao and Poxin in Maogang District speak Li dialect, but this situation becomes rare in the later period, which is still the result of the weak culture of the Fulao clan. In addition, the Fulao clan has taken the initiative to expand, while the Guangfu clan has rarely expanded to the Fulao clan's residence, which is natural for the Fulao clan's personality, because the Fulao clan has strong cohesion and resistance to foreign clans, and they have formed a local group advantage, so it is difficult for Guangfu clan to enter their territory. The evolution of Wu surname can explain this situation. They entered the residence of Guangfu clan and were surrounded by residents who spoke Guangfu dialect. Gradually, they also forgot the original dialect, mainly Guangfu dialect. The expansion of Fulao clan can be studied from the ancient Yue place names. In the area where Fulao clan lives, there are many ancient Yue place names, such as Nazou, Tanlu, Sanqiao, Boluo, Luduan, Luofu, Tanpi and Tanlian in the heart of the slope, Naluo, Nagen, Nazeng and Nalou in the seven places, Luolu in the flowers, and Mi in Shayuan. In Wengong Village in Qijing, Maogang District, there are still relics of the life of the Guli nationality, and there are also many ancient Yue place names in the area where Guangfu clan is located.

(4) martial arts ethos: martial arts ethos is the characteristic of this region. Fulao people inherited the martial tradition of Fujian people in southern Fujian. Fujian is a narrow place with a dense population, and residents are brave and brave. The fighting between clan villages in Fujian is very fierce. Following the habit, this tradition also existed in Minnan immigrants in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the residential area of Fulao nationality in the whole Maoming area, the martial atmosphere is mainly in the staggered residential area with Guangfu nationality. The Fulao people in this area moved from southern Fujian late, and when they arrived, they needed to expand, so martial arts was a very useful means, while the early Minnan immigrants in Dianbai County were not strong in martial arts. We know that the martial arts atmosphere in Aotou and Zhensheng areas is very strong, with a large number of martial arts practitioners, and their martial arts schools are mainly inherited from Fujian. At the same time, there were many generals in this area during the Republic of China. The famous ones were Lieutenant General Deng Longguang (Zhensheng Baisha), Lieutenant General Chen Pei (Meihua Pozai), Lieutenant General Liang Zhongjiang (Meihua Song Cun), Lieutenant General Deng E (Zhensheng Baisha), Lieutenant General Li Yixue (Poxinzheng Village), Major General Ni Dinghuan (Meihua gu cun) and Major General Liang Wen (Major General Liang Wen).

(5) business awareness: business is not necessarily their talent, but the influence of land factors and migration factors. The expansion and migration of population make them embark on the road of business, thus forming their business tradition. They are not necessarily very smart, they are not necessarily very talented in business, but they are better at professionalism, hard work and drive, and have a traditional sense of business. This can be seen in Maoming's business situation. Large enterprises are not necessarily made by Fulao people. They focus on the fine and professional business tradition and manage a seemingly unnoticed small business to the extreme, which is a very successful group.

(6) Land situation: The population of the Fulao people is expanding very fast, which also causes them to emigrate constantly. With the expansion of population, the land will be tight, and the land will not be enough to feed the population. There will be many situations: First, emigration; Second, for the land, fighting is serious; The third is to change the situation of only managing land, that is, going into business, studying and serving as a soldier. This is the case in Fujian Province itself. In this staggered residential area, the same situation appeared in modern times, so the above situations also appeared. In this area, the land is not fertile and there are not many mountains, but it is in the plain and the population growth rate is more serious than that in the mountains. In ancient China, an agriculture-oriented society, no land meant no survival. Before liberation, there were also many big landlords in this area, and the family power was great, such as the landlords and bureaucrats of Xu, Deng and Chen. The land was mainly concentrated in the hands of these big landlords, which further aggravated the land tension.

(7) Cultural talents: In the past, cultural education in this area was not more developed than that in other areas of Maoming. This can be observed from the number of people who entered the college entrance examination and scored high. Is it because of the running-in between ethnic groups, economic backwardness and low attention to education? In addition, the martial arts atmosphere here is stronger than the reading atmosphere, and small farmers and small businesses are not rich for a while, resulting in overall backwardness. However, because of their courage, loyalty, shrewdness and sincere unity, more and more elite talents have emerged in modern society, making achievements not only politically but also economically.

(7) Religious Ancestral Hall: The Fulao clan brings a strong clan culture. There are many clan temples here, which are very well preserved, such as Guangfu Temple, Meihua Futi Temple, Chen Ancestral Hall in Meihua Coconut Village, Baidi Temple and Aotou Wenwu Temple, which are cultural relics protection units in Maonan District. Guangfu Temple is related to Yang, and Futi Temple is Wu Temple. Therefore, the elements that belong to Minnan culture in cultural form account for the majority.

(8) Custom festivals: The annual festival, a special festival in Maoming, is very popular in the staggered residential areas, but it is not too prosperous in the Dianbai Fulao ethnic residential areas far away from the staggered residential areas. Maonan District and Wuchuan City, which used to belong to Maoming area, are the most prosperous years in Maoming area. This festival should have originated from Guangfu clan. Of course, the fact that this festival is popular among the three clans in Maoming area also shows the cultural integration of the three.

The Fulao people in this area migrated later than those in the eastern coast of Dianbai County, so they can be distinguished in language. In the interlaced residential area and the surrounding Shuidong, Nanhai, Chencun, Shayuan, Xiaoliang, Qijing, Poxin, Lintou, Xiadong, Meihua, Aotou and Lanshi, the popular dialect is Li dialect, while in the eastern coast of Dianbai County. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Fulao immigrants in the eastern coast of Dianbai County began to move and settle down (even so, Dianbai County also has a large number of ancient Yue place names, such as Dianbai County, Bohe Town, Magang Town, Luokeng Town, Nahuo Town, Mamao Village, Luyue Village, Nala Village, etc.), and some of the Fulao immigrants in the ecotone even moved from Fujian in the Qing Dynasty, and they were interlaced with Guangfu people. The staggered residential area between Fulao people and Guangfu people in Maoming area is not the core area of Fulao culture, nor the core area of Guangfu culture. The two meet and conflict here, and finally it is the integration of culture. The main direction of this integration is the integration of Guangfu culture. Guangfu culture is the mainstream culture in Maoming area. With the development of modernization, Guangfu culture and Fulao culture are also converging towards the Han culture in China, and their own characteristics are getting weaker and weaker. The existence of Fulao clan and its culture in this area also shows that before the earliest, it was mainly the cultural area of Guangfu clan, and Fulao clan was a latecomer. Although they and Dianbai County formed Fulao cultural area and its dialect island, they were surrounded by Guangfu culture, and to a great extent they had approached Guangfu culture and absorbed a lot of Guangfu culture, no matter their language (familiarity with Guangfu dialect), customs and religious beliefs, etc. Of course, they also maintain their own characteristics in language (Minnan dialect), religious beliefs and customs, forming a subculture of Han culture in Guangdong.

Looking for Maoming's old-age customs::

1. Eating Ai (begging for rice) on the poor days?

The last day of the first lunar month is "Zhengpin Festival", which means the end of the first lunar month. There is another meaning of "Zhengpin Festival" in Maoming area, because local "Zhengpin" and "Zhengpin" are homonyms, and "Zhengpin" means "steaming poverty", which means evaporating poor patients from the world. On this day, rural households drink mugwort tea, insert mugwort flowers and eat mugwort (rice begging)? . People go to the fields to pick wormwood, take it home, wash it, dry it in the sun, rub it into a velvet shape, put it in a pot and cook it, rub it dry, and rub it with rice flour and brown sugar to make wormwood (rice begging). Yinai has the functions of removing dust and accumulation, relieving disasters and exorcising evil spirits; Therefore, Ai (Mi Qi) is also called "being poor, eating" being poor? " , can make the body healthy, no disease and less pain, people like to eat it very much.

2. Make rice begging on 26th and 7th of the year

Every year on 26th or 27th of the twelfth lunar month, people in our city do it? Eating habits. According to legend, Maoming used to be a barren land, and no crops were born. Later, a group of people who escaped from the war came. Seeing that the hills here were continuous and there was no smoke, they took root in land reclamation and thrived. At first, people could only grow some miscellaneous grains such as potatoes to satisfy their hunger. In order to make full use of grain, people pound miscellaneous grains into powder with a mallet, stir them into paste with water and cook them, so that their volume increases several times and they become foods such as cassava paste and corn paste. Later, people have successfully planted rice on this land and obtained good harvests again and again. In order to celebrate the bumper harvest and change the taste, people pound rice into powder according to the previous method, and add simple fillings such as vegetables to make food with a certain shape and taste, which is "(rice begging)". At the beginning, people only used stem rice (commonly known as "sticky rice") powder? Later, it was found that glutinous rice flour was more sticky, easier to shape and better in taste, so it was specially made of glutinous rice flour (rice begging), which gradually became a custom year after year.

there are many styles of glutinous rice (rice begging) in Maoming, including boiled soup (rice begging), vegetable bag (rice begging), longevity peach (rice begging), water (rice begging), sugar cake (rice begging), hammer tart (rice begging), grey water dumplings and ai (rice begging). All kinds of (rice begging) have different practices, different shapes, different eating methods and different tastes. Every year, a few days before the Chinese New Year, that is, on the 26th and 7th of the twelfth lunar month, the folk in our city began to make the custom of begging for rice. On the one hand, it means to send the old and welcome the new, and on the other hand, it can prepare some. To "celebrate the new year" (that is, to put (rice begging) at home to cross the old and new years), in order to pray for a bumper harvest and a better life in the coming year.

3. Posting Spring Festival couplets to celebrate the New Year's Eve

The last day of December in the lunar calendar is New Year's Eve, which is called New Year's Eve or New Year's Eve in Maoming area. On this day, the production activities in rural areas basically stopped, and every household began to paste Spring Festival couplets and door gods, and to paste Li on the forehead of the door. Kitchen stoves, water tanks, pigsty, cowshed and grain barrels should also begin to paste a piece of Zhang Xiaohong paper to show good luck. There are also some sacrificial activities, such as preparing chicken, pork, fish and other dining tables, burning paper and incense to worship ancestral temples, temples, countries, ancestors, kitchen kings and so on.

On New Year's Eve dinner, the whole family sat around for a reunion dinner. The reunion dinner is basically the biggest meal of the year. People who go out usually go home for the New Year's Eve and have dinner with their families. Eat at home.