The epidemic of SARS in 2003, including all the speculations about SARS, is directly related to the global problem that people are paying more and more attention to: biological safety. Biosafety is a scientific and technological system for detecting, evaluating, monitoring, preventing and treating biological hazards. It is a new frontier discipline that studies the influence of various biological factors on human health, and applies existing theoretical knowledge, technology, engineering design and equipment to prevent people, laboratories and the environment engaged in related work from being harmed by potentially infectious substances and biotoxic substances. Biosafety problems are at least manifested in the following aspects:
The great harm of infectious diseases
Infectious diseases, including human, animal and plant infectious diseases, especially human infectious diseases, are the most important biosafety issues. Infectious diseases are still the leading cause of death in the world. In China, infectious diseases still pose a serious threat to people's health and national security. The prevalence of SARS is a strong proof. In addition, infectious diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis and influenza are still prevalent in some parts of the country and some countries and regions in the world every year.
Potential threats of biological weapons and bioterrorism
In the 20th century, the whole international community made unremitting efforts to ban biological weapons and made some progress. However, in the 2nd/kloc-0th century, the potential threat of biological weapons has greatly increased, and some countries and regions may continue to develop biological weapons. In addition, the rapid development of biotechnology has greatly increased the potential threat of biological weapons, and bioterrorism marked by the "anthrax incident" in the United States poses a real threat to international security. Yuan, head of the Department of Microbiology at the University of Hong Kong, was the first scholar to isolate coronavirus, and found that coronavirus variant was the pathogen of SARS. SARS virus belongs to RNA virus, which is easy to recombine with other virus genes and become a new virus. Moreover, many experimental results also show that the new virus produced in this way will be more toxic than the parent virus. Coronavirus can be found in many animals. This virus is easy to mutate and extremely dangerous. Therefore, Yuan believes that SARS virus has great potential to become the pathogen for manufacturing chemical and biological weapons other than smallpox.
Negative effects of biotechnology
The negative effects of biotechnology are as follows: first, unexpected security problems may occur when people develop and utilize biotechnology. Just as the environmental release of various genetically modified organisms is widely concerned about the harm to biodiversity. In addition, genetically engineered drugs, vaccines, genetically modified foods, gene therapy, etc. There may be similar problems. The misuse and unethical application of biotechnology may also bring great security risks. The study of somatic cell cloning is a prominent example.
Threats to biological resources and biodiversity
From the perspective of biosafety, the invasion of alien species and the loss of biological resources may cause great harm to national interests. The environmental release of genetically modified organisms poses a great threat to biodiversity.
Potential safety hazards in microbiology laboratory
Compared with other physical and chemical laboratories or other laboratories, the microbiology and biomedical laboratory is a special laboratory. Everyone who works in it and the surrounding environment in contact with it are at high risk of contracting infectious diseases or affecting health. Omissions and accidents in microbiology laboratory management will not only lead to infection of laboratory staff, but also cause environmental pollution and large-scale population infection. Accidents of accidental infection in laboratories at home and abroad are common. In serious cases, thousands of experimental animals have to be slaughtered, even leading to the death of laboratory staff.
At present, with the rapid development of biotechnology, biosafety has become a major proposition that affects the politics, economy, security and peace of the whole country and even the whole world. In recent years, especially after the "anthrax infection incident" in the United States, biosafety issues have attracted much attention at home and abroad, and biosafety terms often appear in government or non-governmental organization documents and in various media. The global epidemic of SARS will undoubtedly make countries around the world pay more attention to biological safety and regard it as an integral part of national security.
With the development of economy, the acceleration of people's life rhythm and the improvement of living standards, the amount of plastics
Increasing day by day. From 65438 to 0996, the consumption of plastic packaging in China reached 2.43 million tons, with an average annual growth rate exceeding.
20%, especially in cities, main traffic routes and tourist attractions, plastic waste is increasing rapidly.
According to the survey, the annual output of domestic waste in Beijing has reached 3 million tons, of which waste plastics account for about 3%, increasing year by year.
The growth rate reached 48%. The content of plastic in garbage in coastal cities is higher, reaching 8- 10%. These wastes
If the proportion of plastic in garbage is calculated by volume, it has reached more than one third, and it has greatly increased.
The difficulty and cost of garbage disposal.
Because waste plastics are difficult to degrade for hundreds of years, if discarded in the natural environment, it will give mosquitoes, flies and
Bacteria provide a hotbed for survival and reproduction; If buried underground, it is easy to pollute groundwater and hinder plant roots.
The growth of strains destroys soil quality and affects crop harvest; If you burn with fire, it will produce a variety of toxic gases.
Body. "White pollution" has become a major public hazard that harms the social environment of China and seriously hinders the development of China.
Sustainable development of economy and environment.
At present, the annual consumption of disposable tableware in China is about10 billion, mainly foam plastic products, which should be banned.
To stop the production and sale of these disposable foamed plastic tableware, it is necessary to develop and produce its substitutes.
Articles and green disposable tableware came into being. Experts believe that the development of green disposable tableware
And production is becoming a new environmental protection industry in China.
In mid-February, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Railways jointly held the Green One.
At the second tableware technology development exchange meeting, the reporter interviewed the person in charge of China Rural Technology Development Center.
Wang Zhixue and the managers of several production enterprises.
Wang Zhixue said: At present, the green disposable tableware developed and produced in China can be divided into paper according to the types of raw materials.
Pulp, rice husk, rice straw and starch. At present, there are hundreds of enterprises in China that produce paper disposable tableware.
The annual production capacity is about 3 billion.
The raw materials of paper tableware are seriously polluted in the production process, with high cost, high strength, water resistance and moisture resistance.
Poor sex, therefore, its popularization and application have great limitations, and people naturally look to others.
Department, to benefit from science and technology. If rice husk is used as raw material to produce rice husk tableware, there are more than a dozen such tableware in China.
Enterprise type, the annual production capacity is about 65.438+0.5 billion; Straw tableware is mainly made of crop straw.
Raw materials, at present, there are more than a dozen domestic manufacturers, with an annual production capacity of 75 million; Starch tableware is potatoes.
Starch is the main raw material, which has good biodegradability and can be used as feed after recycling. In a word, this country is very interested in green.
The research and development of recycled tableware is very important, through scientific and technological research, spark plan, torch plan and other scientific and technological development
The exhibition plan gives strong support, and the production technology of green disposable tableware in many enterprises is relatively mature, with
Laid the foundation for industrialization.
Wuhan Far East Green World Group Co., Ltd. takes starch as raw material to tackle scientific and technological problems of green disposable tableware.
Close and develop companies whose economic benefits have begun to take shape. Su Xiaohai, president of the company, had a legendary experience:
Formerly majoring in arts and crafts in Hubei Institute of Light Industry, 1984 entered Wuhan University to study for a master's degree in philosophy.
After studying and working in Germany, environmental protection in Europe touched him greatly, so he went back to China to do it.
The concept of environmental protection industry. Su Xiaohai told reporters: I have studied arts and crafts and am an aesthete.
Tian's commitment to environmental protection such as green tableware stems from my initial understanding of beauty; And the extension of aesthetics
Stretching, in the final analysis, is also a philosophy.
From 1992 to 1996, the recycled cardboard disposable tableware and reed pulp developed by Far East Green World Company.
Due to the low technology content, the production scale of molded tableware has not been expanded. 1996 Gong
The company sent staff to inspect the technical situation of biodegradable packaging products in the European market and thought that the production of plant starch should be developed.
Fully degradable disposable tableware may be a way to eliminate "white pollution". 1997, consisting of a batch of food
Specialists in products, chemistry and machinery, the company focuses on the development of fully degradable disposable catering supplies, among which
Included in 1997 national torch plan project.
They absorbed foreign advanced technology and combined with domestic paper tableware production technology to carry out a series of innovations: efficiency
Starch such as sweet potato and corn, which are rich in domestic resources, is used as the main raw material, rather than a single foreign starch with higher price.
Potato starch; 20% natural fiber is added into sweet potato starch raw material, which makes the tableware obviously stronger.
Degree, and then use the processing technology of food expansion to make the products light and soft; Surface spraying to increase strength
Processing and molding equipment makes the produced catering products waterproof, oil-proof and heat-resistant. Xiao Su
The sea made a vivid metaphor: it is like reinforced concrete in building materials, sweet potato starch is cement, and
The root of all kinds of hay and plants is steel bars, so the strength of tableware can be obvious.
Enhance.
The tableware products with starch as raw material produced by Far East Green World are entrusted to SGS in Germany for reference to international food.
According to the packaging standard test, hot water and hot oil stored at 100℃ for more than two hours will not deform at all.
Excellent temperature performance. Because starch and additives are natural plant raw materials, the product has excellent degradation performance and has been approved by the state
Tested by environmental testing center, it can degrade more than 90% in about 10 day, and can be completely degraded within one month.
According to reports, because the project uses plant starch and plant fiber, the cost is low, and everyone has rice.
The cost of boxes is about 0. 12 yuan, and the cost of uncovered lunch boxes, bowls and plates is about 0.07 yuan, which has a broad market prospect.
At present, Far East Green World Company plans to invest 65.438+0.6 billion yuan to build an annual output of 5 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks and 3.5 billion pairs of chopsticks.
A large-scale fully degradable green disposable tableware production base for bowls, plates, boxes and other products can be used every year after the project is completed.
The new output value is 625 million yuan, and the new profits and taxes are about 65.438+300 million yuan. The civil engineering of the base started in March this year.
A standard factory building of 20,000 square meters has been built. If the follow-up funds can be guaranteed, it is estimated that 1999 will be put into production by the end of this year.
Su Xiaohai said: Our scientific and technological advantages are obvious, and the social benefits we can create in the future are also obvious: using starch.
The functional index of disposable sanitary chopsticks can completely replace disposable wooden chopsticks, with only one item per year.
Can save nearly 500 thousand cubic meters of wood resources for the country; If the group can produce, it is estimated that it will use 200,000 tons per year.
More than 654.38 million+tons of sweet potatoes can be processed into starch raw materials, and more than 654.38 million+people in poverty-stricken areas can be lifted out of poverty and promoted.
Development of agricultural industrialization in old areas.
In the past few years, Shantou Heng Lv Industrial Co., Ltd. began to develop green disposable tableware made of rice husk.
I also had the ability to produce on an industrial scale before. The disposable packaging container of rice husk produced by this company is special.
In particular, products such as food packaging appliances used in supermarkets have been tried out in Japan, Taiwan Province Province and the United States.
Land.
The green disposable tableware produced by Heng Lv Company is made by crushing and sieving rice husk and then mixing it with several edible ones.
Organic polymer adhesive is mixed with water, and then processed into different shapes by stamping, drying and spraying.
Plates, bowls and other utensils.
The general manager of Kyrgyzstan Commercial Co., Ltd. said: Disposable tableware is made of rice husk, which is not only owned by our country.
The source is abundant and inexhaustible, and it can be quickly degraded in the soil after use, killing two birds with one stone.
At present, Heng Lv Company has a production line running, with an investment of about 9.8 million yuan and a production capacity of 400,000 yuan.
Tableware/day, currently reaching 200,000 tableware/day. The annual output value is about 36 million yuan, and the estimated payback period is about.
In one and a half years, the investment profit is about 30%, and the production technology and product quality have passed the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Commission.
Technical appraisal and inspection of food hygiene department. According to reports, in order to better promote its products, the company stipulates that
Mode management, plans to set up a group company in the near future, and invest in technical transformation to make production.
The production line is more automated.
According to the introduction of green tableware technology development exchange conference sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology, July 1998, Wen Jia.
At the meeting on water pollution prevention and control in Taihu Lake Basin, Vice Premier Bao made it clear that,
The "white pollution" along the railway requires the relevant departments in the State Council to focus on three tasks: first, strengthen management,
No littering; Second, stop using disposable foamed plastic tableware; Third, develop mass production substitution as soon as possible.
Products. 165438+1October 14, vice premier Li Lanqing at 12 national patriotic health campaign committee working conference, also
The popularization and application of foam plastic tableware substitutes are put forward. It seems that green disposable tableware has attracted the attention of the central government.
Leading comrades, science and technology, environmental protection and other relevant departments attach great importance to it. As a new environmental protection industry, it can be described as
Born at the right time, now, we need scientific and technological personnel who can climb the peak of science to continue to engage in research and development.
Hair, we need entrepreneurs who know how to operate and manage to increase the intensity of technological innovation and market development, and we also need me.
Our far-sighted financiers and venture capitalists have a vision, which gives enough space for the industrialization of green disposable tableware.
Sufficient capital investment.
Most enterprises engaged in the development and industrialization of green disposable tableware in China have small production scale and poor wind resistance.
Inspur's ability is weak, and many of them are private enterprises, which need government departments to give enough industrial policies.
Support and guidance, a good start, will enable this emerging green environmental protection industry to develop healthily and sustainably.
Exhibition.
References:
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Since the first computer appeared in the United States, people have given computers a glorious mission.
Facts have proved that the appearance of this modern tool not only proves that science and technology have entered a new platform, but also proves that communication between different regions of the world cannot be separated from it. It seems to be the driving force to accelerate social development, weaving a net around the world with invisible chains, trapping development and life.
Science and technology is a weapon for human beings to overcome and transform nature and an important force to promote the development of social productive forces. Every development of science and technology is a leap in the history of human civilization and an epoch-making victory for human beings to conquer nature and self. In the early days of primitive society and slave society, it was precisely because of the casting of bronzes and the use of ironware that social wealth doubled and caused changes in social form. In the industrial revolution in the18th century, it was precisely because of the wide application of steam engine technology that the industrial revolution entered a new stage, thus doubling the wealth of the capitalist world. After the Second World War, it was precisely because of the influence of the third scientific and technological revolution, which mainly focused on electrical appliances, that it greatly promoted the economic recovery of post-war capitalist countries and the substantial economic growth of socialist countries, and promoted the rapid increase of social wealth and the fundamental improvement of people's lives. So the advantages of scientific and technological development are obvious.
Whether people realize it or not, science and technology have deeply influenced our daily life and played an indispensable role in economic and social development. Especially since the 20th century, with the rapid development of science and technology, especially computer network technology and electronic information technology, expensive luxuries such as mobile phones and computers have entered the homes of ordinary people and become necessities of our lives. Imagine how we can keep in touch with our relatives at will without mobile phones. If there is no internet, how can we talk with friends in foreign countries? Without HDTV technology, how can you enjoy gorgeous Hollywood movies? Of course, we must also admit that science and technology have changed our way of life and culture to some extent. Nowadays, more and more young people have accepted fashionable lifestyles such as e-commerce and distance education, and even online dating has become a trend.
It is precisely because of the importance of science and technology that our national leaders have repeatedly proposed to vigorously develop science and technology. Comrade Deng Xiaoping once pointed out that science and technology are the primary productive forces, thus establishing the important position of science and technology, taking the development of science and technology as a basic national policy of our country, increasing the capital investment in scientific and technological development, improving the hard and soft environment for scientific and technological development, and making our country make great progress after the reform and opening up and step into the forest of powerful countries in science and technology. However, we should also be soberly aware that there is still a big gap compared with developed countries such as the United States, Germany and France, and many technologies are restricted by developed countries. Therefore, we must catch up and catch up.
As a member of the current society, we should not only realize the importance of science and technology, but also study science and technology hard, arm our minds with science and technology, have the courage and determination to devote ourselves to science, and use science and technology to develop the broad mind of all mankind. More importantly, we should also educate our future generations to love and respect science.
What exists at present has its rationality.