The summer was destroyed by Shang Tang, and Cheng Tang, who founded the Shang Dynasty, knew the ambition of the Wu people in Sanmiao, so he sent envoys to Wucheng, hoping to fix it forever. Wu people hated the Xia Dynasty. It should be said that Shang Tang retaliated against the Wu people of Sanmiao, so Wu people, inspired by Shang Tang's benevolence and righteousness, were willing to become a Shang country (a country or tribe that surrendered to the Shang Dynasty). According to textual research, today's Wucheng site may be the capital of China in those days.
Good-neighborliness and friendship with Shang Dynasty enabled Wu people to live a peaceful pastoral life again. This time, the Wu people dedicated their four special wines to the Shang King, not to curse the subjugation of Shang Tang's descendants, but to willingly surrender to the righteousness of the Shang Dynasty.
After being dedicated to Shang Tang, SITE liquor was quickly sought after by the Shang nobles, and the supply of SITE liquor in Wucheng was in short supply, so Wucheng, the capital of the Kingdom of Wu, was praised as the "wine capital" by the Shang nobles. Judging from the wine vessels, venerable vessels, expensive vessels, glutinous rice vessels and other wine vessels unearthed from Wucheng site, it can be seen that the brewing technology of Wu people was very skilled at that time, and all the wines were not in name only.
"Chen" was an official in charge of the specific affairs of the royal family in Shang Dynasty, including the master of ceremonies in charge of all kinds of work, grain collection, animal husbandry, hunting, wine making and other affairs. The pottery tablets engraved with the word "Chen" found in Wucheng site may be the traces left by the son of Shang Dynasty wine owner "Chen" when he took wine from Wudi wine capital. Perhaps the word "minister" also confirms the broad mind of Wu people who are willing to submit to the Shang Dynasty.
Judging from the bronzes unearthed in Wucheng today, Wucheng bronzes have their own independent cultural style, but they are also influenced by Shang culture. Today, these rusty bronzes have fully witnessed the historical facts of Wucheng as a wine capital and Shang Dynasty.
Wine is a compliment.
The pace of history keeps moving forward, and mankind always covers the past with new developments. BC 1046, Zhou Wuwang defeated the Shang army through the "Makino War", forcing Shang and Zhou to burn themselves to death. The Shang Dynasty in the Bronze Age was replaced by another powerful dynasty-Zhou.
At this time, the "site wine" is not just the site wine of Wucheng or Zhangshu. With the spread of the reputation of "wine capital" and the increase of production, the "site wine" began to move towards a wider region. In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, that is, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in history, half of camphor trees belonged to Wu soil and the other half belonged to Yue soil. "Site wine" spread more and more widely with the scope led by these different enfeoffment countries, and entered Jiangsu and Zhejiang with Wu, Fujian and Guangdong with Yue and Hunan with Chu.
In the struggle for the ups and downs of Poyang Lake-Jiangxi Basin, the forces of various countries became enemies for wine. Wucheng, the "wine capital", has become a treasure of all countries, and the names of "four special wines" and "wine capital" are deeply embedded in the cultures of all parts of the south of the Yangtze River.
During the Warring States Period, Chu, as one of the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period", was the most powerful. It appropriated Wucheng, the "wine capital", and made Wucheng offer "four special wines" to the nobles of Chu all the year round, becoming the national wine of Chu. The luxurious and elegant drinking etiquette of the upper class in Chu provided a stage for "Site Liquor" to show its unique style, and also promoted its development.
When Qu Yuan was young, as a member of the nobility of Chu State at the end of the Warring States Period, he was always intoxicated with the "Si Te" wine, expressing his feelings for a better and more forever strong Chu State. In the chapter "Evocation of Soul" in the Songs of the South, Qu Yuan described the scene when nobles feasted on four special wines. He used a sentence: "Drinking cold wine makes brewing (Zhou) more refreshing; Hua Zhuo is old and has some nectar. " Express the elegance and feelings of Chu nobles when they drink "four special wines"
Qinhe Taoist immortal wine praise
In 22 1 year BC, Qin established a unified feudal country on the land of China for the first time. Qin officially established a new dry county in Wu, namely Zhangshu.
In order to consolidate the feudal system, the Han Dynasty successively established Xingan County, Xincheng County, Yichun County, Chengjian County and Hanping County in Zhangshu. At this time, the private property of ordinary people in Zhangshu increased, and their living conditions were improved to some extent. In this case, the "four special wines" broke through the monopoly of the aristocratic class and began to move towards the people.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the wine vessels used by the aristocrats of Zhangshu were jade and porcelain, and ordinary people generally used low-priced pottery wine vessels. "Ear pottery cup" is one of the main wine vessels used by the people of Zhangshu in this period, which represents the rise of the folk wine culture of Zhangshu at that time.
The "Ertao Cup" is made of local red clay with glazed surface. Its shape is oblate oval with ear-shaped handles on both sides of its long side. At that time, the cup was held in both hands and gulped down, which reflected the generous wine style of the ancients. Folk wine vessels are ordinary in material and simple in appearance, lacking the elegance of aristocratic wine vessels, but more practical and organically integrated with the lifestyle of ordinary people.
Enjoy the mellow wine, and the change of ordinary people's life also urges them to pursue more spiritual comfort and sustenance. Gods and immortals are the main ways of spiritual sustenance of the ancients. In this case, Taoism with the main content of "alchemy and immortality" began to be established and developed rapidly throughout the country.
Zhang Daoling is the founder of Taoism, whose original name is Zhang Ling, and the word is Fu Han. He is the eighth grandson of Sean, a great official in the Han Dynasty, and a native of Guo Peifeng County in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Originally a scholar in imperial academy, he was studious and learned the Five Classics. I can read the Tao Te Ching at the age of seven, and I know everything about astronomy and geography. He grew up to be a learned man. After abandoning his official position and realizing Taoism, he founded Taoism, commonly known as the "five-line meal". After Zhang Daoling ascended to heaven, he was made a real person and a three-day mage, ruling the Six Deficiencies, and was called "Zhang Tianshi" by the later Buddha.
Before becoming an immortal, Zhang Daoling traveled all over the world and tried to find a way. Later, I came to Zhangshu, which is known as the "wine capital". I can't resist the temptation of four special wines. I was drunk under Ge jujube hill for three days. After waking up, I felt refreshed and refreshed, and suddenly realized the "four" essence of Taoism: "Tao, heaven, earth and king (man)" After that, Zhang Daoling built a house in Longhu Mountain, drank four specialties of camphor trees, gained Taoism, concentrated on cultivation, and finally became an immortal.
Zhang Tianshi became attached to Huste wine because of his epiphany, and Ge Xuan Ginst wine, another legend of Taoism, became attached to Zhangshu.
Ge Xuan was born in Danyang, Wu from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms. Born into a noble family, he was born with a beautiful mind and wise sexual knowledge. I have been eager to learn since I was a child, and I have passed on my children's history. They all read widely. When I was fifteen or sixteen years old, I was already a celebrity, and I liked Laozi and Zhuangzi rather than being an official. When I lost my parents in my teens, I felt that life was impermanent, so I learned from my heart. Finally, he cultivated into an immortal and was called "Tai Chi Xian Weng" and "Ge Xian Weng" by the world.
An important method of Ge Xuan alchemy is "combination of medicinal liquor". Therefore, he traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers, looking for an alchemy place. After coming to Zhangshu, which has the reputation of "wine capital", Ge Xuan was immediately attracted by the four special wines. When he saw the ethereal Gezao Mountain again, Ge Xuan decided to dig a Dan well under Gezao Mountain, build a medicine washing pool and concentrate on alchemy.
According to local legend, Ge Xuan was so powerful that he could "stab the tree out of the water" before coming to Gezao Mountain. After several years' practice, Ge Xuan finally learned to "make wine out of a thorn tree" and use the wine flowing down from the tree to make alchemy and medicine.
Ge Xianweng also opened an altar in Gezaoshan to collect disciples, so his method of refining alchemy with four special wines and combining drugs also spread. With the development of Taoism, Ge Xianweng's disciples spread all over China, and the reputation of Steer Wine spread further and further. Ge Xian-weng's combination of wine and medicine in Gezaoshan not only made the wine famous, but also promoted the development of local medicine industry. As the "medicine capital" of China, the foundation of Cinnamomum camphora is laid here. Since then, Site Liquor has forged an indissoluble bond with Taoism and traditional Chinese medicine, and "Fairy Wine" has become another unique glory after Site Liquor won the title of "Wine Capital".
Pastoral seclusion wine poems express feelings
China's splendid culture for thousands of years can't be separated from wine, and China's culture is permeated with strong wine fragrance. Poetry, wine and literati are interdependent and become a unique landscape in China culture. Tao Yuanming, a great poet who loves wine and is honored as the "wine saint" by later generations, is a model in this cultural landscape.
Tao Yuanming, also known as Qian, was born in Yichun in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Seeing that the political situation in Japan was wrong, Tao Yuanming, who was "unwilling to bend over", resigned and retired after only one month in the seat of Pengze County Magistrate.
Tao Yuanming lives in seclusion at the foot of Nanshan, which is less than a hundred miles away from Zhangshu. "Welcome child servant, child waiting at the door. The three paths are barren, and the pine chrysanthemum still exists. Bring children into the room and have a wine bottle. " This is a portrayal of his mood when he resigned and retired.
The beautiful landscape and leisurely life of Cinnamomum camphora endow Tao Yuanming with poetic connotation, while the four famous wines produced by Cinnamomum camphora make Tao Yuanming, who is addicted to alcohol, think a lot. Tao Yuanming described the scene when he wrote poems like this: "I am idle and unhappy, longer than the night." I occasionally drink some famous wine and don't drink it every night. " Gu Ying was alone, and suddenly he was drunk again. After getting drunk, I asked a few questions to amuse myself. "Tao Yuanming wrote in the Biography of Mr. May 6th:" Sex is addicted to alcohol, and the family is poor, so you can't get it often; "Know it from the old, or buy wine. If you drink, you will get drunk. That is, I got drunk and stayed without hesitation. The ring is bare and can't cover the windy days; A short brown knot, an empty ladle, sudden silence! I often amuse myself by writing articles, which shows my ambition. Regardless of gains and losses, all ends well. "
Tao Yuanming wrote many poems, especially about wine, during his years of returning home and retiring. Being born in troubled times can not be satisfied. What can solve the depression in your heart better than wine? Cinnamomum camphora, rich in four famous wines, gave Tao Yuanming an excellent place to settle down. I really don't know whether wine makes poets or poets make wine.
Tao Yuanming once wrote 20 poems "Drinking", "There is metabolism in cold and heat, so is human nature. If a person understands his encounter, his death will no longer be suspected; Suddenly I was with a bottle of wine and I was very happy every day. " "Pan this to forget sorrow, far I die. Although it is alone, the cup is full of pots. " "I didn't know there was me. I knew things were expensive and I was dumped by fans. The taste of wine is deep. "
Tao Yuanming also wrote Abstinence from Alcohol. "The check flow years, carefree. Sit in the shade and step into the gate. Good taste prevents sunflowers in the garden, but good taste prevents children. Life is full of wine, and there is no joy in abstinence. " The name is wine, but it is "I can't quit the joy of wine." Wine can't stop after all!
"Life will die, it has existed since ancient times. There is a pine tree in the world. Why not decide today? Therefore, the old gift of wine is immortal. Try to stay away and forget the sky. This is Ren Zhen's first day here. The cloud crane has strange wings, and the eight tables return in an instant. I've been alone for forty years. The shape has changed for a long time, what is the heart saying? " This is Tao Yuanming's Drinking Alone in the Rain. "What's the answer in your heart?" What you experience in silence is detachment from things, and everything is like a Zen smile.
Poets express their feelings through wine. Through this poem and wine, it seems that we can still talk to the poet more than 1000 years ago and really feel the poet's heart.
Poetry in the prosperous Tang dynasty, nine unique poems
The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of China. China in the Tang Dynasty was also a country of poetry, and Tang poetry reached the peak of China's classical poetry. Poetry and wine are like lovers, more closely combined than ever before.
Whether it's a farewell in the pavilion or a distant friend; Whether it's a stroll under the moon or a high-rise night banquet; Whether it's expressing your ambition or sailing alone; Whether it's Wugong Rock City or Desert. Wine and poetry are equally indispensable.
Poetry and wine meet in the poet's body: poetry is the monologue of the poet's soul; Wine is the catalyst for the poet's inspiration. Wine, poetry and poets, in the glorious age of Tang Dynasty, combined perfectly and wrote the most brilliant chapter for China culture.
Cinnamomum camphora, which is famous as the wine capital, is not only a place to produce fine wine, but also influenced by the wine culture. Cinnamomum camphora and China wine also made great contributions to the unprecedented prosperity of culture in the Tang Dynasty.
In the 9th year of Tang Yuanhe (AD 8 14), the famous poet Bai Juyi became Sima in Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and lived here for four years. During this period, Bai Juyi was particularly addicted to Si Te wine. In the winter of the twelfth year of Yuanhe (AD 8 17), the weather was cold that year, and someone gave Bai Juyi a jar of four special new wines. Bai Juyi wrote a poem "There is a ray of green in an old bottle and a little red in a static furnace" for his friend Liu Shijiu. It feels like snow outside at dusk. How about a glass of wine inside? ? "As an invitation. Bai Juyi's descendants settled down beside the camphor tree in the "wine capital" and thrived. These Bai descendants still live in Houqiao Village, Liwei Town, dongxiang county, Zhangshu.
In the fifteenth year of Tang Yuanhe (AD 820), Han Yu, another great writer in the Tang Dynasty and one of the leaders of the ancient prose movement, also came to Jiangxi and became the secretariat of Yuanzhou (now Yichun, Jiangxi). Han Yu is a good drinker. There was a famous saying, "But, if we refuse this wine, can we choose it tomorrow?" .
Han Yu served as the secretariat of Yuanzhou for only nine months, but during these nine months, Han Yu did two great things for the local people: first, he released the handmaiden, returned all the handmaiden in debt to his parents, and wrote off the debt owed, freeing 732 handmaiden; The second is to promote the academy, attach importance to cultural education, advocate pragmatic style of writing, and promote and train a number of students such as Zhao Lu, Yi Zhong and Huang Po.
Han Yu has won the love of the local people because he is dedicated to the people. When he left office, people exchanged gifts. Han Yu refused all the gifts he sent, leaving only a jar of four special wines. Since then, Han Yu still remembers Yuanzhou's hometown and the four special wines, resulting in such a sentimental work as "Appreciating the Horse and Assistant Minister to Send Wine".
Li Deyu, a famous figure in the Tang Dynasty, was also demoted to Jiangxi in the 9th year of Tang Dahe (AD 835) and was appointed as the governor of Yuan Dynasty. When Li Deyu arrived in Yuanzhou, he lived in metamorphic rocks in the north of the city. Li Deyu often invited local literati to drink and write poems in diagenesis. There is a kind of stone near diagenesis called "hangover stone", which is said to sober up. After playing, Li Deyu, drunk as mud, often lies on this sober stone, unaware that the East has turned white.
Zheng Gu was born in Ximen, Yuanzhou District, Yichun City, and was born in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (AD 848). His imperial examination and official career were rather bumpy. He took the exam ten times, and didn't get the top prize until he was 40 years old. Later, due to the turmoil of the times, he was unhappy in the officialdom. Although his official career is not smooth, Zheng Gu's achievements in poetry and prose are extraordinary, and his poems account for 325 in the whole Tang poetry. Among them, "partridge" is regarded as a warning, so it is also called "partridge sign".
Zheng Gu is also a good wine. As a native of Yichun, he especially loves Si Tejiu. Where there is wine, there is poetry. In Zheng Gu's drinking poems, there are many leisurely sentences, such as "Sleeping on the pillow in the afternoon and spring, sleeping with your feet is the most leisurely" and "Listening to the urn to cook wine in spring, waiting for bloom in court". However, due to the rough experience, his drinking poems are more similar to "I don't think ants are too worried about my lungs, but I remember that fish are sick." Through these poems, we seem to see a poet in a sad state, and his chest is full of depression and helplessness.
By the Tang Dynasty, not only the culture was unprecedentedly prosperous, but also some major breakthroughs were made in wine-making technology. Before the Tang Dynasty, wine-making always used the ancient method, that is, steaming and fermenting rice or glutinous rice. In the Tang Dynasty, the highly developed "wine capital" camphor tree was the first to make wine by distillation. Compared with brewing wine, distillation can extract wine with higher purity by heating, which makes the brewed wine with higher alcohol content, stronger flavor and more diversified blending methods, and can brew more distinctive wine. In the late Tang Dynasty, there was a record of "Si Te Tu Shao" (called "Si Te Tu Shao" by locals and "Qingjiang Tu Shao" in other places) in ancient books. "Burning" means heating, so the wine brewed by distillation heating is called "shochu", which is what we call white wine. The appearance of "Si Te Tu Shao" created a brand-new history of China liquor industry.
Wine Capital and Drug Market, Double Wall in Song Dynasty.
In Zhangshu, the tradition of "combination of medicinal liquor" handed down by Ge Xianweng makes medicinal liquor a must for Zhangshu people. "inseparable medicinal liquor" and "integrated medicinal liquor" have become the same concept in camphor tree. In the Northern Song Dynasty, camphor tree medicinal materials developed with wine making. In the third year of Chunhua (AD 992), a "medicine market" was established in Zhangshu. "Wine Capital" and "Medicine Market" complement each other, and the camphor tree economy is in full swing. Song Yuan, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote poems and recalled the scene at that time. "Who is more interested in writing poems about the drug market and selling new wine?"
The distillation brewing method invented in the Tang Dynasty gradually replaced the traditional brewing method in the Northern Song Dynasty. After the Southern Song Dynasty made Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) its capital, the ruling area was limited to the south of the Yangtze River. As the originator of shochu in the south of the Yangtze River, "Si Te Tu Shao" quickly spread to vast areas in the south of the Yangtze River.
The Song Dynasty was a dynasty with a prosperous style of writing, and the fate of the four special burning places and literati remained the same as before.
Zhu, Zi Ziyang, was born in Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Jiangxi). He summed up all the achievements of Neo-Confucianism since the Northern Song Dynasty, and thus founded the "Min School" and became a master of Neo-Confucianism. In the sixth year of Xichun (A.D. 1 179), Zhu became the local official of Nankang (now Xing Zi County, Jiangxi Province). Since then, he has twice come to Gezaoshan Moral Palace to give lectures. In addition to giving lectures, the four special ways of burning soil of camphor tree also helped Zhu leave many poems. Zhu's couplet "Water shakes rocks like flying snow, and the shadow mountain turns into clouds" still remains on Mingshui Bridge in Gezao Mountain. Another seven-melody "Tit Chong" was written after Zhu gave a lecture to bid farewell to Zaoshan. The poem says: "There is wind everywhere in the forest, and the cave doors are unlocked and the autumn shadows fall. It doesn't matter if Typhoon Purple has gone far, but Dan Jinglong has returned to the deep axis of the earth. The wild old man is interested in seeking truth, and the Taoist priest is interested in thanking guests. A statue pays for festivals, pitching mountains and forests at the bottom. "
In the seventh year of Xichun (A.D. 1 180), the poet Lu You came to Fuzhou (now Linchuan, Jiangxi) and worked as a tea salt official on Jiangnan West Road. In Fuzhou, Lu You drank four local specialties of Zhangshu (then called Qingjiang). After drinking, the poet was amazed. "Famous wines come to Qingjiang, and the color is tender as a new goose." Although he didn't visit Zhangshu in person, the poet's heart had already flown to the Ganjiang River with the four special wines.
The last poet in the Southern Song Dynasty who was obsessed with Si Tejiu was Wen Tianxiang, who was born in Luling, Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). During his tenure as governor of Ganzhou, Wen Tianxiang was worried when the traitors were in power and the country was about to perish. In order to seek spiritual liberation, Wen Tianxiang visited Gezaoshan many times. In Gezaoshan, Sun Dao of Chongzhen Palace grew up to be Wen Tianxiang's bosom friend. Although far away from the temple, they are worried about the country and the people. They often drink and write poems in Gezao Mountain to eliminate worries. According to legend, the inscription on the Mingshui Bridge in Gezao Mountain and the couplet "Yang Ming Wan He, Water Strikes Thousand Stones" were written by Wen Tianxiang and Sun Daochang after drinking four kinds of special drinks.
Four special burning earth, known far and near, known far and near.
In the first year of Hongwu (AD 1368), just after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang set up Linjiang House in Zhangshu. With the unification of the whole country and the stability of the social environment in the Ming Dynasty, the camphor tree economy, known as the "wine capital" and "medicine market", has been greatly developed. By the fourth year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty, Zhangshu and Linjiang had become one of the 33 major tax paying towns in China at that time, and were also called four famous towns in Jiangxi along with Jingdezhen, wucheng town and Hekou.
At this time, the camphor tree "Si Te Tu Shao" has been exported to all parts of Jiangnan, according to the leading position of Jiangnan liquor. After hundreds of years of development, the special soil-burning distillation method of camphor tree has reached a quite mature level. At this time, an outstanding scientist made a systematic study on the brewing technology of "Si Te Tu Shao". This scientist is Song, who wrote the scientific masterpiece "Heavenly Creations".
Through learning with an open mind, Song learned about the brewing technology of Site wine, especially the making technology of Site wine skin. Based on the research of camphor tree brewing technology, Song wrote a chapter "Qumei" in Tiangong, describing the raw materials, proportion, production technology and product use of yeast, medicated leaven and red yeast.
"Tiangong Wu Kai" spread the brewing technology of Site Earth-burning from camphor tree to the whole country, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of liquor industry in China, so many domestic liquors borrowed the brewing technology of Site Earth-burning.
Four characteristics: root cause, revival
In the Qing Dynasty, Zhangshu maintained the organizational system of the Ming Dynasty and still set up Qingjiang County, Linjiang Prefecture. The "wine capital" and "drug market" are still the source of power for the economic development of camphor tree.
At that time, Qian Fan was often lined up at Zhangshu Wharf, and the teahouses and pubs on the old street by the river were more than ten miles side by side, which were packed all year round. The brewing industry of Zhangshu has been growing, and there are more than a dozen brewing workshops in the town. The town's annual production capacity is as high as 2 million to 3 million Jin.
However, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, Steer liquor, which had been circulating for 3,000 years, was still the unified name of many wineries in Zhangshu. Although, on the whole, the style of the wine in Zhangshu Winery is basically the same, and the quality of the wine is also among the top grades, it is inevitable that some inferior products will affect the reputation of the wine. In this case, the task of cleaning up the roots was completed by a restaurant called Louyuanlong.
During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a young man named Lou Deqing who was an apprentice in a "Wancheng Hotel" in Manzhou Street of Zhangshu Town. He was smart and studious, and soon mastered the traditional brewing technology of "four special local dishes". He is also an ambitious man and decided to do his own business. So, after several years of experience, with his excellent technical ability, he founded the "Louyuanlong" Hotel in partnership with Chen Hotel.
At the beginning, Louyuanlong Hotel used the traditional craft of "burning in the ruins" to brew distilled liquor. Although the quality of wine is better than other hotels in town, there is no fundamental difference. Therefore, the operation of the hotel has not developed much.
In order to change this situation, Lou Deqing first excavated from the traditional brewing method of Steer wine, and constantly studied and used for reference the previous brewing methods and the brewing methods of other restaurants to further improve the techniques of making glutinous rice, fermentation and distillation. With his own experience and wisdom, Lu Longyuan's wine finally stood out in the whole Zhangshu town.
During the development of Lou Deqing, Chen, a partner, withdrew from the hotel and operated independently. With the increasing number of customers of the newly improved high-quality four-specialty wine "Lou Yuan Long", the sales volume has surged. "Lou Yuan Long" gained great fame and became a wine-making giant in Zhangshu Town.
With the growth of Lou Yuan Long, some special wines sold under the name of Lou Yuan Long began to appear in the market. In order to distinguish it from these counterfeit products, Lou Deqing put the word "special" on the altar of "Lou Yuan Long", indicating that it is a truly pure "four-special wine", and the quality of this wine is particularly high.
Since then, "Lou Yuan Long" has become the representative of the four special wines of Zhangshu, the Millennium wine capital. Lou Yuan Long's four specialty wines are selling better and better, and its business has rapidly expanded to various provinces in the south of the Yangtze River, becoming the leading wine seller in the south of the Yangtze River, with more than ten branches in Nanchang, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian, Zhejiang and other places. By 1930s, the annual output of wine in Lou Yuan Long site had reached several hundred thousand Jin.
Connect the past with the future and improve the process.
In the early years of the Republic of China, warlords scuffled, and after eight years in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the sales of Lou Yuan Long were greatly affected. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the market scope was basically reduced to Jiangxi Province, but the unique brewing technology of Sterling wine was still retained.
1952, in order to excavate and restore the traditional famous and special wines, Zhangshu State-owned Tobacco and Alcohol Monopoly Company was established, Lou Yuan Long was redeemed, and Zhangshu Distillery was established, and the production of famous and special wines was re-excavated, developed and expanded.
At the beginning of the venture, the conditions were difficult, the materials were scarce and the equipment was rudimentary. Several entrepreneurs are working miracles in difficulties. During the period of 1958, several masters brewed Si-te liquor which completely conformed to the traditional flavor and quality. 1959 began to put into mass production, reaching the annual production capacity of 100 tons of Si Tejiu.
In order to further improve the quality and taste of liquor, in the 1960s, the factory appointed several experienced winemakers to further improve the brewing technology of Brewster. On the basis of maintaining the traditional technical characteristics, some new technologies were created, and finally the unique brewing technology of Site wine was formed: solid-state fermentation with whole rice as raw material, wheat bran, flour and distiller's grains as large size, and red stone as wine cellar. -The ancient winemaking method originated here.
The long history of wine in Jiangxi: Wucheng area is the area where Yidi is located in ancient legends. In Shuowen of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was said that "the ancients used Yidi as wine mash, which was tasted by jade and was very beautiful", and Tao Yuanming said in Preface to Wine Poetry that "Yidi made wine and Du Kang polished it." The description proves that Jiangxi is the origin of China wine.
The artifacts (pottery beans, pots, saucers and other wine vessels) unearthed from Wucheng and Zhuweicheng sites with a history of 3,500 years in Zhangshu area can be used as evidence for the development of Jiangxi wine culture.
The Book of Rites describes the Chinese ancestors' ceremony of respecting the elderly, taking wine as the instrument and beans as the device: "The ceremony of drinking in rural areas means three beans for sixty people, four beans for seventy people, five beans for eighty people and six beans for ninety people, so it is also clear to support the elderly."
Ancient winemaking methods prevail here.
Yichun area has always been the producing area of tribute wine in the Jin Dynasty, and its historical position has lasted for thousands of years.
Records of the Book of Jin: "Yichun County produces fine wines, which are rewarded by the age."
Book of Old Tang Dynasty 105, Book of New Tang Dynasty 134: In the second year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (743), 300 boats were built to Chang 'an and Jiangnan, carrying famous products from various counties. The emperor summoned his ministers, and Zhang Yu County brought famous Jiangxi wines and tributes. The emperor sighed: "the benefits of ten thousand generations."
"New Tang Book Geography": "There is Yichun wine as a tribute."
Song Taiping Universe: "Yichun jars pay tribute with the age."
-Ancient laws were spread by nature.
In the history of Jiangxi, the development of wine industry ranks first in the country.
"Biography of the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and Wang Zhongshu": "Jiangxi Nuo wine, Tasmania more than 18", Jiangxi wine production is much higher than all parts of the country.
Lu You's "Duijiu": "When famous wine comes to Qingjiang, it is as tender as a new goose".
"Literature general examination, questionnaire examination": In Yuan Shizu, Jiangxi has 1 17000 ingots of liquor every year, and the national liquor class has 468554 ingots, accounting for Jiangxi 1/4, making Jiangxi liquor rank first in the world.
Naili, Qu Yue and Tao Yue in Tiangong Wu Kai recorded the local winemaking methods of Zhangshu, and the ancient winemaking methods became famous at home and abroad with the spread of Tiangong Wu Kai. With its unique brewing technology and high-quality products, Brewster wine not only won the praise of great people, but also performed very well in the market. However, from the first day of the founding of the People's Republic of China to 1984, in the state-organized liquor appraisal activities, Sterling Liquor was never nominated.
Through research, the field personnel finally understand that the problem lies in the fragrance type. At that time, there were five kinds of liquor flavors recognized by China liquor industry: faint scent, maotai scent, strong scent, rice scent and mixed scent. Although the quality of Sterling liquor is excellent and the technology is unique, it does not belong to any of the above flavor types. All liquors rated as national excellent have their own unique flavor types.
What kind of flavor does Astor wine belong to?
First, Si Te found Shen, the leader of China liquor industry and then vice president of china alcoholic drinks association. 1April, 987, Shen specially tasted Si Te wine. After reading, smelling and tasting it, Shen thought that Astor wine was really a good wine, but she was quite confused about what flavor it should belong to.
Although it was difficult for Mr. Shen Lao to draw a conclusion at the moment, it aroused his strong curiosity. The flavor type of Si Te wine is not only concerned by Si Te people, but also by Shen.
1988 65438+1On October 26th, Shen personally visited the winery. Through on-the-spot investigation in the production workshop of Site Liquor and communication with technicians, Shen got a deep understanding of the unique brewing technology of Site Liquor. In this regard, the rigorous Mr. Shen came to the conclusion: "Site wine is neither like Luzhou-flavor, nor like Maotai-flavor, nor like Fen-flavor or Rice-flavor. This is a "four unlike" wine. Therefore, other fragrance types should be considered. But what kind of fragrance should be decided, and it has not been decided yet. "
On March 8th, 1988, Beijing held a report meeting on the quality of Si Te wine. At the meeting, Shen first systematically introduced his on-the-spot investigation in Worcester Winery. Then, the participating experts commented on the color, aroma, taste and shape of the wine. Experts have a great controversy about the flavor of the wine. Some people think that the wine is elegant and elegant, which is elegant; Some think: it should be called elegant; Others think that Brewster wine is produced in Jiangxi, so it is simply called Jiangxi type. Finally, Mr. Zhou Henggang, the chief liquor expert in China, suggested: "It's best to call it special, four special wines." Zhou Henggang's proposal got the preliminary approval of most experts present.
On April 26th, 1988, well-known liquor experts, such as Shen, Cao Shushun, Jin Fenglan, Jin, Tao, gathered in the Brewery to confirm the flavor of the liquor. After three days of on-the-spot investigation, at the "Symposium on the Style of Site Liquor" held on April 29th of the same year, experts finally concluded that the flavor of Site Liquor was "special". At the same time, experts also summed up the style of this fragrance: "Taking whole rice as raw material, adding bran and distiller's grains to big glutinous rice, the wine cellar with red Chu jumping stone base is still unreliable."
The identification of the "special flavor type" of Site liquor determines the unique position of Site liquor in China liquor industry and promotes the development of Site liquor in the new period. A fine wine with a unique taste —— Comrade Deng Xiaoping spoke highly of Site wine when he visited Zhangshu.
Pure fragrance and endless aftertaste —— Premier Zhou Enlai warmly praised Site Liquor at Lushan Meeting.