After the Second World War, Hong Kong's economy and society developed rapidly, becoming not only one of the "four little dragons in Asia", but also one of the richest, most developed and highest living standards regions in the world. Hong Kong is an important financial, service and shipping center in Asia, which is famous for its clean government, good public order, free economic system and perfect rule of law. Historical changes have turned Hong Kong from a small fishing village with only 5,000 people into an international metropolis with the reputation of "Pearl of the Orient" today.
The development of history
The history of Hong Kong can be traced back to the Neolithic Age 5000 years ago. After Qin Shihuang unified China, South China Sea, Guilin and Xiang Jun were successively established, and Hong Kong belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County. Since then, Hong Kong has been under the jurisdiction of the central government. In the Han Dynasty, Hong Kong belonged to Boluo County, Nanhai County. In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 33 1 year), Hong Kong belonged to Baoan County, Dongguan County. During the Sui Dynasty, Hong Kong belonged to Baoan County, Nanhai County and guangzhou fu. In the second year of Tang Zhide (AD 757), Baoan County was changed to Dongguan County, and Hong Kong still belonged to Dongguan County. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of mainland people moved to Hong Kong, which promoted the great development of Hong Kong's economy and culture. In the first year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1573), Hong Kong belonged to Xin 'an County.
Hong Kong is an excellent deep-water port, once known as one of the three natural seaports in the world. In the early years, the British took a fancy to Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong, which has the potential to become an excellent port in East Asia, and spared no effort to seize this place from the Manchu government by the Opium War to develop its maritime trade in the Far East, thus beginning the history of Hong Kong becoming a British colony. From 1842 to 1997, Hong Kong was a British colony. On July 6th, Hong Kong returned to China.
Three unequal treaties
Hongkong has been the territory of China since ancient times. 1840 Britain launched the Opium War, which forced the Qing government to sign the treaty of nanking on 1842 and cede Hong Kong Island. 1856, the British and French allied forces launched the second Opium War, forcing the Qing government to sign the Beijing Treaty in 1860, ceding the southern tip of Kowloon Peninsula, that is, the area south of today's Jiejie. After the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1898, Britain forced the Qing government to sign the "Special Provisions on Expanding the Hong Kong Border" in 1898, and forcibly leased a large area of land in the northern part of Kowloon Peninsula north of Boundary Street and south of Shenzhen River and more than 230 nearby islands (hereinafter referred to as "New Territories") for 99 years.
Chronology of major historical events
184 1 year 65438+1October 26th: After the First Opium War, Britain occupied Hong Kong Island. Later, the Qing government tried to recover lost territory by force, and Daoguang issued many orders for this. However, the Qing Dynasty could never defend its territorial integrity.
1August 29th, 842: The Qing government signed the unequal treaty "treaty of nanking" with Britain, ceding Hong Kong Island to Britain.
1860 65438+1October 24th: China and Britain signed the unequal Beijing Treaty, ceding the area south of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula to Britain.
1June 9, 898: Britain forced the Qing government to sign the "Special Provisions on Expanding the Boundary of Hong Kong" to lease 262 islands north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula for 99 years (ending on June 30, 997).
1942 65438+February 25th: During World War II, the Japanese invaded Hong Kong, and the British troops stationed in Hong Kong were unable to resist. At that time, Governor Yang had no choice but to surrender. Hong Kong was occupied by Japan and began a "period of Japanese rule" of three years and eight months.
1945 September 15: Japan signed a surrender in Hong Kong after its defeat and withdrew from Hong Kong.
1984 12 19: China and Britain signed a joint statement on the question of Hong Kong and implemented "one country, two systems" after Hong Kong 1997.
1 July, 19971:Hongkong became the People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region. According to the Basic Law, Hong Kong's previous economic, legal and social systems will remain unchanged for 50 years and "one country, two systems" will be implemented. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region enjoys a high degree of autonomy except that national defense and foreign affairs are managed by the Central People's Government.
Place name source
There are two widely circulated theories about the origin of place names in Hong Kong.
Statement 1: The name of Hong Kong is related to spices. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Hong Kong was administratively subordinate to Dongguan, Guangdong. Since the Ming Dynasty, a small harbor in the southern part of Hong Kong Island, a distribution center for the transshipment of spices from South Guangdong, has been known as "Hong Kong" because of the transshipment of spices produced in Dongguan, Guangdong. It is said that the spices transported from Hong Kong at that time were of high quality and were called "Hainan treasures". Many local people in Hong Kong also grow spices, and Hong Kong is famous with the spices they grow. Soon this perfume was listed as a tribute of the emperor, and at that time it created a prosperous fragrance making and transporting industry. Later, the cultivation and transportation of spices gradually declined, but the name Hong Kong remained.
Argument 2: Hong Kong is a natural harbor. There is a sweet and delicious stream nearby. Sailors who come and go at sea often come here to get water to drink. Over time, the sweet stream became famous. This stream was also called "Xiangjiang", and the small harbor formed by Xiangjiang alluvial into the sea began to be called "Hong Kong". A group of British people landed on Hong Kong Island from this harbor, so they named the whole island after "Hong Kong". To this day, "Xiangjiang" is still another name for Hong Kong.
Geographical survey
Hong Kong is located at east longitude 1 14 15' and north latitude 22 15'. It is located along the coast of South China, east of the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong Province, China, and consists of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, inland areas of the New Territories and 262 islands (outlying islands). Hong Kong borders Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province in the north and Wanshan Islands, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province in the south. Hong Kong is 6 1 km away from Macau in the west, 0/30 km away from Guangzhou and 0/200 km away from Shanghai in the north.
The three major parts of Hong Kong are: Hong Kong Island is about 78 square kilometers; Kowloon Peninsula is about 50 square kilometers; The New Territories and 262 outlying islands cover an area of about 968 square kilometers, with a total area of about 1095 square kilometers, which is slightly more than one sixth of that of Shanghai and only one tenth of that of China. The total area of land and water jurisdiction is 2755.03 square kilometers, and the water flow rate is 59.9%. Less than 25% of the land has been developed in Hong Kong, and the area of country parks and nature reserves is as high as 40%.
Hong kong climate
Hong Kong has a subtropical climate, with hot and humid summers and temperatures of about 26~30℃. It is cool and dry in winter, but it rarely drops below 5℃. It is rainy from May to September, and sometimes it rains heavily. Between summer and autumn, typhoons blow from time to time, and July to September is the season with more typhoons in Hong Kong. The average annual rainfall in Hong Kong is 2,265,438+04.3mm, with the highest rainfall in August and the lowest rainfall in 65,438 438+ 10/0.
Resources and products
Limited by the natural environment, Hong Kong lacks natural resources. More than 60% of the fresh water consumed by Hong Kong depends on Guangdong Province. Mineral deposits include a small amount of iron, aluminum, zinc, tungsten, beryl and graphite. Hong Kong is close to the continental shelf, with a vast ocean and many islands. Fishery production has a unique geographical environment. There are more than 150 kinds of commercial marine fish in Hong Kong, mainly including red-shirt fish, nine-knot stick, big-eyed fish, yellow croaker, yellow-bellied fish, squid and so on. Hong Kong has limited land resources, accounting for 20.5% of the total area, grassland and shrub land 49.8%, wasteland 4. 1%, swamp and mangrove land 0. 1%, cultivated land 6.7%, fish ponds 2%, and urban and suburban construction and development land 16.8%. Agriculture mainly deals in a small amount of vegetables, flowers, fruits and rice, and raises pigs, cattle, poultry and freshwater fish. Nearly half of agricultural and sideline products need to be supplied from Chinese mainland.
One country, two systems is a pioneering work to solve the Hong Kong problem in those years, and it is also the cornerstone of Hong Kong's sustained prosperity. Hong Kong has its own symbols, that is, the regional flag and the regional emblem. At the same time, Hong Kong also has a different social form and economic model from the mainland of China.
Unique society and economy
After the reunification, Hong Kong has maintained its original social system and economic operation mode. Hong Kong has an independent judicial system. Hong Kong issues and circulates its own currency, the Hong Kong dollar, and issues stamps independently (the stamps are marked "China and Hong Kong"). Participate in international sports competitions in the name of "China Hongkong". Hong Kong participates in the World Trade Organization and many other international organizations as an independent "China Hong Kong". Hong Kong has its own mature financial and monetary system and its own immigration policy. By the end of 2007, citizens or residents of 170 countries and regions around the world can enter Hong Kong visa-free.
In 10 after the reunification, Hong Kong's economic structure changed obviously: the proportion of manufacturing industry in GDP dropped from 8.3% in 1997 to 3.5% in 2006. The proportion of service industry in GDP increased from 78.8% to 87.4%. During the period from1997 to 2006, the net output value of all service industries in Hong Kong increased by 2.4% annually in real terms. 10, the number of employed people in Hong Kong continued to shift from manufacturing to distribution and trade, finance, insurance, real estate and business services, as well as community, social and personal services.
Religious belief
Almost all the major religions in the world have beliefs in Hong Kong. China people mainly believe in Buddhism and Taoism. There are more than 360 temples in Hong Kong, 40 in Hong Kong and 24 in Tianhou. 184 1 year, the Roman Catholic diocese of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was established. 199 1 year, there are about 258,000 Catholics in Hong Kong. The Catholic Church has schools, hospitals and social service centers in Hong Kong. Christianity was introduced to Hong Kong on 184 1, and now there are more than 50 sects with 285,000 followers. It also runs schools, hospitals and social service centers in Hong Kong. Other religions include: about 50,000 Muslims, more than half of whom are Chinese, and about1.20,000 Hindus; There are also a few Sikhs and Jews.
General situation of economy and trade and international status
Hong Kong is a free port. In addition to cigarettes, spirits and power fuels (gasoline, diesel, etc. ), Hong Kong does not impose tariffs on other imported goods. Hong Kong's economy is famous for its free trade, low tax rate and little government intervention. Hong Kong has been rated as the freest economy in the world by internationally renowned rating agencies and organizations for many years. Milton, Nobel laureate in economics? Friedman thinks Hong Kong is a model of free economy. Hong Kong is a financial center, an international shipping center and a regional trade center in the Asia-Pacific region and even the world, and has an irreplaceable superior position in many neighboring countries and regions. Today, Hong Kong has become the largest trading entity in the world 1 1. In terms of throughput, Hong Kong's container port is one of the busiest in the world. Hong Kong International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the world in terms of passenger traffic and international cargo handling capacity. In terms of foreign bank transactions, Hong Kong is the largest banking center in the world 15. Hong Kong is the sixth largest foreign exchange market in the world in terms of turnover. In terms of market value, Hong Kong's stock market is the second largest in Asia.
Hong Kong is one of the transportation and tourism centers in the Asia-Pacific region. The public transport system consists of railways, ferries and buses, extending to almost every corner of Hong Kong. Hong Kong is an important international commercial port with a developed shipping industry. There are shipping exchanges with 460 ports in more than 100 countries and regions, forming a perfect shipping network with Hong Kong as the hub and routes reaching five continents and three oceans. There are more than 20 air routes from Hong Kong to all parts of the world. Hong Kong is also the gateway for business and tourism to enter the mainland. In 2005, the number of Hong Kong residents returning to the Mainland was about 62.7 million, and the number of foreign tourists entering the Mainland through Hong Kong was * * * 4 million. Every day, 65,438+028 ships, about 65,438+000 planes, more than 400 trains and 40,200 cars shuttle between Hong Kong and the mainland.
Hong Kong is one of the international financial centers, and financial institutions are closely linked with the market. The government's policy is to maintain and develop a sound legal framework, regulatory system, infrastructure and administrative system, to provide a level playing field for market participants, to maintain the stability of the financial and monetary systems, and to enable Hong Kong to compete effectively with other major financial centers. Hong Kong, with its superior geographical position, is a bridge connecting the time difference between North America and Europe, closely linked with other economies in the Mainland and Southeast Asia, and established a good communication network with other parts of the world, so it can become an important international financial center. In addition, the free flow of funds into and out of Hong Kong is also an important factor.
Hong Kong is the world's largest trading economy, the sixth largest foreign exchange market and the fifth largest banking center. Hong Kong's stock market is the second largest in Asia. Hong Kong is also a major exporter of clothing, watches and clocks, toys, games, electronics and some light industrial products, and its total export value ranks among the top in the world.
Hong Kong's economy is dominated by the service industry, which is closely related to the mainland of China and other Asia-Pacific regions. It is the city with the largest number of regional offices set up by international companies in Asia. Hong Kong is also one of the popular tourist destinations and a popular place for holding international conferences and exhibitions. In 2005, Hong Kong was the 1 1 largest service exporter in the world. The main industries related to service trade include tourism and tourism, trade-related services, transportation services, financial and banking services and professional services.
Main economic data
Gross domestic product: HK$ 654.38 billion+HK$ 472 million (2006)
Per capita GDP: HK$ 265,438+HK$ 04,765,438+HK$ 00 (2006)
Real GDP growth rate: 6.8%(2006)
According to the data of the International Monetary Fund in 2005, Hong Kong's per capita GDP (PPP) is 34 1 1 USD, ranking 9th in the world and 1 in Asia, surpassing the four major economies in Western Europe. According to the international exchange rate, it is US$ 25,555, ranking 26th in the world and 5th in Asia, second only to Qatar, Japan, United Arab Emirates and Singapore. Looking at all industries in Hong Kong, service industry accounts for the highest proportion of GDP, with the figure of 965,438+0% in 2005, of which import and export trade accounts for 22.5% of GDP, community, social and personal service industry accounts for 65,438+09.2%, and financial and insurance industry accounts for 65,438+02.7%.
banking
Hong Kong's banking industry is very developed, with branches of local banks and banks around the world all over the streets. In the1970s, there was a saying in Hong Kong that there were more banks on the streets in Hong Kong than rice shops, which meant that there were more banks buying rice than rice shops. As of July 2006, there were 134 licensed banks, 32 restricted licence banks and 33 deposit-taking companies in Hong Kong. In addition, 88 foreign banks have representative offices in Hong Kong, with a total of about 65,438+0,300 branches. These foreign banks come from 37 countries, of which 765,438+0 is the largest 65,438+000 banks in the world. Banks in Hong Kong are engaged in various retail and wholesale banking businesses, such as deposit taking, trade financing, corporate financing, treasury activities, precious metal trading and securities brokerage.
Stock and bond markets
In terms of capital market value, Hong Kong stock market is one of the largest in the world. By the end of May 2006, Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited had 1 144 listed companies with a total capital market value of 94 1 1 billion yuan (1 206.5 billion US dollars). Hong Kong's stock market ranks second in Asia, next only to Japan.
The Hong Kong debt market has developed into one of the most liquid markets in the Asia-Pacific region. The Central Clearing System for Debt Instruments was established at 1990 and managed by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority. It provides settlement and custody services for Exchange Fund bills, bonds and debt securities issued by private institutions.
In September 2006, the average daily turnover of Exchange Fund bills and bonds was HK$ 36.3 billion. As at the end of September 2006, the outstanding Exchange Fund bills and bonds amounted to about HK$ 65,438 billion. In the first half of 2006, the total amount of debt securities issued by private institutions reached 1 65,438+02 billion Hong Kong dollars.
Business dealings with the mainland
The mainland is Hong Kong's largest trading partner. In 2005, the trade between China Mainland and Hong Kong accounted for 45% of Hong Kong's total trade value. The mainland is also the main source and largest market for Hong Kong's re-export goods. About 90% of Hong Kong's re-export goods come from or are shipped to the Mainland. Hong Kong is also a financial and other business support service center in the Mainland, especially in South China, providing diversified financial and other business support services for the Mainland, such as banking and financing, insurance, transportation, accounting and promotion.
public order
Hong Kong is a safe city with good public order. Passengers should avoid carrying large amounts of cash, and valuables can be stored in the hotel safe. If you have any questions, you can ask the policeman patrolling the street for help. Hong Kong has a world-class, friendly, clean and efficient police force of over 30,000 people, making Hong Kong one of the safest cities in the world. In case of fire, robbery or injury, citizens or tourists can call 999. In some secluded places, there is a small orange telephone booth with a call device and buttons called "emergency help hotline", which can go directly to the report center without dialing. Whether you use this machine or other public telephones, dialing 999 is free.
The Hong Kong Government has taken various effective measures to maintain public order in Hong Kong. For example, the Hong Kong Immigration Department successfully intercepted more than 1000 criminals who tried to infiltrate Hong Kong by means of makeup or plastic surgery in 2007 alone. Residents of many countries and regions in the world can enter Hong Kong visa-free, but Hong Kong is constantly reviewing its immigration policy to prevent all kinds of undesirable people from entering. In 2007, 23,000 people were refused entry at various ports of entry in Hong Kong. In 2006 and 2007, Hong Kong cancelled visa-free treatment for citizens or residents of ten countries and regions (mainly in South Asia and Africa).
Hong Kong Celebrities and Culture
Although there are only a few million people in Hong Kong, there are many celebrities who make Hong Kong people proud. China's first world champion in sports, Rong Guotuan, is a native of Hong Kong and was born in Hong Kong. He returned to Chinese mainland in 1950s and won the men's singles championship in the 25th World Table Tennis Championships in 1960s. Born in Cheung Chau, Hong Kong and raised in Hong Kong, Hong Kong athlete, 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games won the gold medal in windsurfing for Hong Kong. He is another sports celebrity who inspires Hong Kong people. Coincidentally, sailing is also one of the symbols of Hong Kong. The only Olympic gold medal before Hong Kong's return is unforgettable for contemporary Hong Kong people. Culturally, Hong Kong writer Jin Yong (Cha) is the most outstanding representative writer of the new school of martial arts novels. His series of martial arts novels are deeply loved by Chinese readers all over the world and are known as the "Taishan Beidou" of martial arts writers. Hong Kong writers Li Bihua, Yi Shu, Lin Yanni, Liang Fengyi, Gu Long, Liang Yusheng, Huang Zhesi and Ni Kuang are all cultural celebrities in Hong Kong, Asia and even the Chinese world.
Education in Hong Kong: Present and Past
education
Education is one of the largest public expenditure items in Hong Kong, and the budgeted expenditure accounts for about one fifth of the total recurrent public expenditure. The government has set up a student financial assistance scheme to ensure that students will not be deprived of education opportunities due to financial problems. Hong Kong's education system is roughly divided into the following parts:
Preschool education: through private kindergartens and kindergartens, preschool children are provided with opportunities to learn and get along with groups.
Nine-year free education: set up government or subsidized primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong to provide six-year primary school and three-year junior high school education for school-age children in Hong Kong.
Senior high school and preparatory course: set up two-year senior high schools (Secondary Four and Secondary Five) to provide students with the most basic education before work; Set up two-year preparatory courses (Form 6 and Form 7) as the course preparation for students before entering the university.
Since September 2007, Hong Kong has implemented a new [3-3-4] academic system, that is, three years in junior high school, three years in senior high school and four years in university, replacing the traditional British academic system (three years) and implementing a four-year university system.
Higher education and training
Higher education in Hong Kong includes statutory universities, statutory colleges, registered tertiary institutions, institutions under the Vocational Training Council and general institutions. Institutions providing higher education in Hong Kong can be roughly divided into the following categories:
Statutory university refers to a statutory university that has been approved by the Chief Executive in Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and regulated by independent laws after the third reading of relevant laws by the Legislative Council. Up to now, there are ten statutory universities in Hong Kong, namely, the University of Hong Kong, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the City University of Hong Kong, Lingnan University, the Hong Kong Institute of Education, the Open University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Shue Yan University.
The establishment of Hong Kong Shue Yan University, the only private university in Hong Kong, is particularly difficult. The school, formerly known as Hong Kong Shue Yan College, was founded by Hu Honglie and Zhong Qirong in 197 1. In order to run a school, Ms. Zhong Qirong resigned as Dean of the College of Literature and Social Sciences of Baptist College. Her husband Hu Honglie invested all the money he earned as a barrister in running a school and bought a three-story bungalow in Happy Valley for HK$ 700,000. For the past 30 years, they have been operating with their own funds. In order to get the name "University", the two founders went through a lot of hardships. Finally, in June 5438+February 65438+September 2006, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong and the Executive Council of Hong Kong passed a resolution to change its name, officially recognizing its university status and becoming the first private university in Hong Kong.
Hong kong disneyland
Hong Kong Disneyland is the fifth Disneyland in the world. It is located in Xinao, Lantau Island, surrounded by mountains and facing the South China Sea. This is a theme park that combines the characteristics of California Disneyland and other Disneyland.
Hong Kong Disneyland includes four theme areas: American Town Street, Adventure World, Fantasy World and Tomorrow World. Each theme area can bring endless wonderful experiences to tourists. On the streets of American towns, you can enjoy the nostalgic buildings of American markets, elegant antique cars and taste all kinds of Chinese and Western cuisines. In the adventure world, along the huge river, across the African prairie, into the mysterious forests of Asia, and arrive at Taishan Island, brave navigators will lead tourists to explore the magical secrets of nature; The fantasy world full of joy is a fairy tale world in dreams, with beautiful and kind Snow White, innocent and lively Dumbo, and innocent and lovely Winnie the Pooh. The protagonist in every fairy tale can bring joy and fantasy to people. Tomorrow's world can make people experience a thrilling journey in space and explore the universe.
There are Disneyland Hotel and Disney Hollywood Hotel in the park. In addition to providing accommodation facilities for visiting the park, you can also enjoy the wonders of the fairy tale world and the movie world. All kinds of Disney characters will appear around tourists at any time, and surprises are everywhere.
Food, clothing, housing and transportation in Hong Kong
go shopping
Hong Kong is a free port, known as "shopping paradise". Most goods are tariff-free, and materials from all over the world are shipped to compete, and some are cheaper than the place of origin. There are large shopping malls in all districts of Hong Kong, such as Taikoo Shing and Sha Tin New Town Plaza. In addition to large department stores, there are various shops and restaurants, some of which are equipped with amusement facilities and are good places for shopping and leisure. Some industries like centralized management, so customers can have more choices. Among them, such as computers and related products, the "Gordon" and "Gold" shopping malls near the Sham Shui Po subway station are the most concentrated. There are many household appliances and cameras in Mong Kok and Causeway Bay, but you should buy them from reputable shops (such as those with the Hong Kong Tourist Association's red sailboat logo) or large department stores. Hardware machinery stores are concentrated in three blocks of Guangdong Road, Mong Kok subway station. Garden Street, from Mong Kok Road to Prince Edward Road, is a paradise for fruit, fashion and daily necessities vendors. Within a few blocks of Cai Tong Street behind Argyle Street, it is the famous "Women's Street". The situation is similar to that of Temple Street on both sides of Tin Hau Temple in Yau Ma Tei. But in the evening, there are cooked food mixed with fortune-telling vendors, singing Cantonese opera near the temple, just like the nightclubs of the general public.
Places of interest gather in fun.
Cultural and historical relics in Hong Kong are everywhere, including traditional ancestral temples, clan villages in the New Territories and even temples in downtown areas. If you want to feel the architectural features of Hong Kong, you can also take part in the "Roaming of Ancient and Modern Buildings" organized by the Hong Kong Tourism Board.
Religious and cultural attractions
Wu Man Temple on Hong Kong Island, Tin Hau Temple and St John's Cathedral in Causeway Bay; Tomb of Wong Tai Sin Temple, Hou Wang Temple, Kannonji in Tsz Wan Shan and Kowloon Mosque; Wanfo Temple, Chegong Temple, Peng Yingxian Church, Banyuanchun and Daofengshan Christian Church in Sha Tin; Chikurinji, East Putuo and Tin Hau Temple in Tsuen Wan; Qingshan Temple, Qingsongguan Temple and Miaofa Temple in Longmen; Ling Du Temple and Yunfu Fairy Hall in Yuen Long; Sai Kung Buddhist Temple, Ho Chung Tin Hau Temple, Lantau Baolian Temple, Cheung Chau Beidi Temple, Ping Chau Tin Hau Temple, etc.
Folk cultural attractions
Kowloon Castle, Song Cheng, Songwangtai and Li Zhengwu's Tomb in Kowloon; Songyandi and Honglou in Tuen Mun, Zengdawu in Sha Tin, five countries and six villages; Tsuen Wan Sanjian House and Hoi Keng Village House; Tai Defoe in Xintian, Yuen Long, Ji Ching Wai in Jintian, Shuitou Village Historic Site, Cuixing Building, Tang Family in Xiacun; Saigon Shangyao Folk Museum, etc. Hong Kong Island Fort, Lantau Tung Chung Fort, Donglong Island Buddhist Temple and other ancient forts.
A privately run museum.
Maritime museum, Donghua Group of Hospitals Cultural Relics Museum, Baoliangju History Museum, hong kong museum of medical sciences, etc.
Government-run museums
Hong Kong Heritage Museum, Pingshan Tangjia Heritage Museum, Sandonglou Museum, Folk Culture Museum, Hong Kong Film Archive, Hong Kong Art Museum, Tea Ware Heritage Museum, Hong Kong History Museum, Folk Museum, Li Han Tomb Museum, Hong Kong Coastal Defence Museum, Hong Kong Science Museum, Hong Kong Space Museum, Hong Kong Visual Arts Center, Hong Kong Heritage Discovery Museum, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and Grantham Fire Protection.
Country parks and marine parks
There are 23 country parks and 4 marine parks in Hong Kong, where citizens and tourists can enjoy the charming scenery of nature.
Although Hong Kong is a modern city, about three quarters of the land of 1000 square kilometers is still rural. In order to protect and develop the suburbs, the Hong Kong government has established country parks to protect nature on the one hand and provide rural entertainment and educational facilities for Hong Kong citizens and tourists on the other. Marine parks are built on outlying islands by the sea. At the top of the country park, there are grassy slopes and dense forests. On the seashore of Ocean Park, there are shoals and rocks. Seen from the seaside of marine parks or overlooking the top of country parks, Hong Kong is picturesque with mountains and rivers.
Country parks and marine parks in Hong Kong are free to enter. Among the country parks in Hong Kong, Baxianling Country Park is a famous one. Baxianling is named after eight mountains. This park is one of the most challenging ridge trails in Hong Kong. The best choice is to walk from the pond from north to south to Shaluo Cave, where there are picturesque ancient villages, trees and fields. There is another touching story in Baxianling. 1996 teachers and students from a middle school in hong kong went for an outing in baxianling country park. At that time, some students did not properly handle the fire after the barbecue, which led to mountain fires. Two teachers and a class of students were trapped on the cliff next to the fire. In order to save the students, the two teachers who led the team did not leave until all the students were out of danger. Unfortunately, they are very busy. To commemorate the two teachers, the Hong Kong government built a cattail terrace in Baxianling. Shumputei's name is in memory of two teachers who gave their lives to save lives. There is an introduction to this event in Shunpu Station, and there is a very touching couplet. After watching the cattail terrace, you will feel the warm human touch of Hong Kong.
Among the marine parks, the most famous is tung ping chau Marine Park, where the marine ecology is diverse and the coral community is dense, with more than 60 species of stony corals, more than 130 species of coral fish and more than 100 species of marine invertebrates. In terms of marine plants, there are more than 40 species of seaweed in tung ping chau Marine Park. In its coastal areas, covered with brown, red and green algae beds, it is the highest algae bed in Hong Kong. The water in the park is very clear, and the naked eye can clearly see the corals and fish under the water.
Eight views of Hong Kong
The old eight scenic spots in Hong Kong are: Qishan Spark, Xianqiao No.5 Station, Stanley Chaoyang, Fan Ying in Ap Chau, Songtai Nostalgia, Fu Lin Qujing, Langwan Shuiruan and Carp jathyapple. With the changes of the times, three scenic spots in the old eight scenic spots have been completely changed, while other scenic spots are gradually becoming obsolete. The eight scenic spots in Hong Kong now are:
(1) "Qishan Spark" is the first of the eight scenic spots. Together with the "Xiangjiang Lantern" and "Flying Bridge Night Scene" in the past eight scenes, it refers to the magnificent scenery of Hong Kong Island in the night from the top of Taiping Mountain.
(2) "Dawn in Stanley" refers to the Stanley Peninsula, bathed in thousands of rays of sunshine in the early morning and the rising sun. This scene is also called "Stanley Chaoyang" and "Stanley Chaoyang".
(3) "Shallow Water Danhua" refers to the beautiful spring scenery composed of clear water repulse bay and colorful azaleas.
(4) "Tiger Pagoda" refers to the magnificent landscape of the hexagonal white pagoda facing the sunrise in the courtyard of Tiger Leopard Villa at sunrise.
(5) "Happy hoofbeat" refers to the grand occasion of horse racing in Happy Valley, and the hoofbeat touches the hearts of thousands of horse fans.
(6) "Moonlight at Lei Yue Mun" refers to watching the beautiful scenery of Victoria Harbour in the moonlight at night.
(7) "Sunset" refers to the ruins of Kowloon Castle and the scenery in the afterglow of sunset. With the complete demolition of Kowloon Walled City in recent years, this kind of scenery has become history, replaced by Kowloon Walled City Park (the most complete garden).
(8) "Songtai nostalgia" refers to Songwangtai Park near the former site of Kai Tak International Airport in Hong Kong. It records the last scene of the history of the Song Dynasty, and people's nostalgia for the past here is still rising.
In addition, the scenery of the Green Island at sunset, the wind and waves intertwined, the Mercedes-Benz cars on the Panshan Highway on Hong Kong Island, the hazy spring rain and so on. It also reflects the beautiful scenery of Hong Kong today.