Food science fully embodies the humanistic spirit of serving, caring and respecting people. I organized the template of food science papers, and I hope you can get some insights from it!
template of food science paper 1
Exploration of scientific mode of food safety supervision
Abstract: Food safety is directly related to people's health, and also affects the stable maintenance. Frequent food safety incidents indicate that food safety is in a period of high risk. Through the research on the mechanism and mode of food safety supervision, the scientific supervision mode of food safety supervision is explored.
Keywords: food safety supervision mode
Chinese library classification number: F213 document identification code: A article number: 1672-5336(2113)22-1137-12
With the remarkable improvement of people's living standards, the importance of food safety, the material basis on which people live, is self-evident. Food safety has already developed into a global problem. We should strengthen food safety and other key issues in social construction, carry out democratic supervision activities on food safety, and stop the rampant counterfeiting and selling. Food safety incidents affect the nerves of countless people. Clenbuterol Pork has pushed China's food safety problems to the forefront. After the incident was exposed, the health supervision department took active actions, went deep into the store to conduct emergency investigation, and strictly prohibited the addition of clenbuterol hydrochloride and ractopamine in feed and animal drinking water? Clenbuterol Additives. We should always reflect on the shortcomings in food safety supervision.
1 current situation and problems of food safety supervision in China
1.1 hidden dangers of food safety faced by China
(1) the food safety supervision mode of multi-sector and sub-sector supervision has caused the phenomenon of passing the buck among departments. As a result, it is difficult for China's food safety authority to fully perform its duties, and the safety evaluation standards are lacking, resulting in serious pesticide residues in agricultural products exceeding the standard. Food poisoning incidents occur from time to time, and many foods processed with agricultural raw materials have buried potential safety hazards.
(2) food source pollution. Veterinary drug residue is the main reason for the decline in the quality and safety of meat products. Drug residues in meat products come from the feeding process. In order to prevent and treat diseases, farmers synchronize medicines with food rations. Some feeds are added with preservatives, antibacterial agents and growth promoters, which are harmful to the human body through the food chain. The residue of veterinary drugs or feed additives in food exceeds the standard, which is easy to mutate and threaten people's lives and health. Many food enterprises are small in scale and still adopt traditional or manual workshop-style production. The mechanization and standardization of food production are low, and they are polluted by many harmful substances in the production process. Some enterprises lack sanitary facilities, which can easily cause collective food poisoning.
1.2 China's current food safety supervision system
There are many food safety supervision departments in China, and the management is chaotic. They are responsible for the supervision of primary agricultural products at different levels. Sectional supervision? The regulatory system of compartmentalization and division has obvious defects. It is foreseeable that the regulatory authorities will be unable to cope with the results.
(1) The standardization and scale of meat processing industry have not been formed. Retail investors, such as acquisition and slaughtering, can't control it, and there are many loopholes in risky links and industrial chains. It is impossible to fully control the industrial chain of meat food, and food safety may be affected by market price fluctuations at any time, which is very risky. The foundation of food production enterprises is not firm, and the overlapping of functions and powers is inevitable, which makes it difficult to form a joint force in food safety supervision.
(2) consumers' awareness of food safety is not strong. Health norms and hazard analysis and key control systems have not been established. Consumers themselves are the last line of defense to ensure food safety? . However, due to the lack of food safety knowledge propaganda, the popularization of basic food safety knowledge is not enough. Food safety lacks an effective accountability system, and food safety enterprises have not formed an effective accountability system for dereliction of duty.
2 The scientific supervision mode of food processing
(1) emphasizes risk analysis and prevention. Put meat food safety on risk control management, carry out scientific supervision and monitoring activities, and take it as the basis of risk analysis; The government must change the current supervision mode of food safety, and there is an authoritative voice to supervise food safety according to product classification. Give full play to the responsibilities of local consumers in the food safety system. Drawing lessons from foreign food safety management mode, food safety can be supervised by agricultural departments, and the whole process supervision mode from source to product can change the situation that food supervision in China is kicked by all parties. It is strictly forbidden for food enterprises to carry out OEM production, and the model of hundreds of small workshops under a large enterprise must be eliminated. ? Starting from the existing practical problems, we should break through the shackles of the old system and establish a brand-new scientific supervision model.
(2) Establish an efficient food safety supervision system. The first is to standardize production quality, supervise food hygiene, issue licenses for food production enterprises according to law, sample the hygienic quality of food production and processing, and test the business work of food institutions. Avoid the phenomenon of mutual restraint and inefficiency among law enforcement departments. Form a unified and efficient food safety supervision work pattern, and establish a unified food safety monitoring operation mechanism. The second is to give the supervision function to the comprehensive supervision of food safety. We made a detailed food safety management plan, made clear and gave full play to the supervision and coordination role of relevant government functional departments, strengthened the food quality and safety standards and plant quarantine system, and learned from advanced experience and management methods, which made our system construction perfect and improved. Then improve the food safety supervision system. Direct legal supervision over the whole process of food production, processing and consumption. Responsible for the administrative protection of food and guide the business work of testing institutions. Effectively avoid the disadvantages of multiple law enforcement, low efficiency and ineffective crackdown, and establish an administrative law enforcement system for food safety supervision with coordinated operation and supervision in place.
(3) Establish an operational mechanism for food safety monitoring. According to the "Livestock and Poultry Slaughtering and Processing Conditions" and other regulations, strict quarantine before slaughter and after slaughter is carried out in animal epidemic prevention. Implement the simultaneous detection system of meat circulation, especially to prevent the spread of epidemic situation and toxic and sick products from flowing to the market and entering the dining table, strictly control the access of meat subjects and the mechanism of allowing out and withdrawing from the place of origin, give full play to the ability and advantages of testing institutions, and establish credit contact files. Urge enterprises to strengthen the construction of food quality inspection departments, provide food safety training, and improve the quality and safety management system.
(4) advocate standardized management of enterprises. Enterprises to promote the establishment of good production practices and hazard analysis and critical control point system. Keep the source under control. Give full play to the detection and processing production technology, carry out the activities of establishing food safety and integrity enterprises, and promote enterprises that reflect well to the society through the media as typical demonstrations. Establish integrity contact files for participating enterprises, reduce the number of inspections, urge enterprises to strengthen the training of quality inspection technicians and testing equipment, and improve the quality and safety management system. Enterprises to promote the establishment of good production practices and hazard analysis and critical control point system. It is necessary to increase the publicity of food safety knowledge. ? Consumers themselves are the last line of defense to ensure food safety? . Strengthening the propaganda of food safety knowledge, popularizing the basic knowledge of food safety and raising consumers' awareness of food safety is the key to improve the propaganda system of food safety knowledge, constantly improve consumers' awareness of food safety and improve the food safety monitoring mechanism in post supervision, so that the food that does not meet the safety standards can be withdrawn from the market.
references
[1] Li Chaowei, Chen Qingchuan. A new mode of food risk analysis to ensure food safety [N]. China Guomen Times (China Entry-Exit Inspection Epidemic Report).
[2] Guo Bin. Thoughts on food safety legislation and reform of current food safety supervision mechanism [J]. chinese primary health care.2115, (2).
[3] Li Haijin. Focus on building a long-term mechanism for food safety supervision [J]. Food and drug supervision in China. 2115, (12) .
[4] Pan Wen. Causes and countermeasures of food safety in China [J]. Cooperative economy and technology. 2116(4).
Food science paper template. This paper introduces nutritionally fortified food and its scientific consumption.
[Keywords] Nutrition-fortified food consumption
With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, many people now pay attention to eating healthily and nutritionally. Besides paying attention to the color, smell, taste and shape of food, they also pay more attention to the nutritional function of food. Therefore, more and more people are beginning to favor nutritionally fortified foods that contain various nutrients and can prevent various chronic diseases.
1. Correct understanding of fortified foods
According to the nutritional needs of different groups of people, the process of adding one or more nutrients to natural foods to improve the nutritional value of foods is called food fortification. This fortified food is called nutritional fortified food, the added nutrients are called nutritional fortifiers, and the foods that need to be added with nutritional fortifiers are called media foods. Iodized salt and breast-fed formula milk powder are nutritionally fortified foods.
Second, the purpose of strengthening food nutrition
1. Supplementing the defects of natural nutrients in some foods
For example, strengthening essential amino acids such as lysine in rice flour and adding vitamin C to foods rich in high-quality protein such as milk, meat, poultry and eggs can supplement the nutrients lacking in natural foods and greatly improve the nutritional value of foods.
2. Nutrients lost during storage, processing and transportation of supplementary foods
Most foods will lose some nutrients in different degrees during storage, processing and transportation, such as the loss of vitamins during rice milling and wheat milling, and the higher the processing accuracy, the greater the loss. Therefore, it is significant to add B vitamins to polished white rice flour.
3. Simplify dietary treatment
No food contains all the nutrients needed by the human body. If you want to get comprehensive nutrition, you must eat a variety of foods at the same time, but the purchase and production of raw materials are more troublesome. With the acceleration of the pace of life, people are increasingly inclined to fast food and convenience food with generally insufficient or unbalanced nutrients. If appropriate nutrients are strengthened in a targeted manner, comprehensive nutrition can be obtained by eating fewer kinds of foods, thus simplifying dietary treatment.
4. Meet the special nutritional needs of different people
People with different ages, genders, working nature, working environment, and different physiological and pathological conditions need different nutrition, and different nutritional fortifications can meet their needs respectively. For example, breast-fed formula milk powder is made from milk, and its components are close to breast milk by strengthening vitamins, adding whey protein, unsaturated fatty acids and lactose, which is more suitable for infant feeding.
5. Prevention and reduction of nutritional deficiency diseases
Strengthening food nutrition is of great significance for improving the nutritional deficiency of the population and preventing and reducing nutritional deficiency diseases. For example, taking salt iodization measures for residents in iodine-deficient areas can effectively prevent iodine deficiency, using vitamin B1 to prevent beriberi in rice-eating areas, and using vitamin C to supplement the lack of vitamin C intake in the northern region in the season of lacking fresh vegetables and fruits.
Third, the main fortified foods on the market at present
Looking at the current food market, there are many kinds of fortified foods, which have become a new trend in the food industry. At present, China has basically determined that salt, flour, rice, edible oil, soy sauce, condiments, dairy products and children's supplementary food are the carriers for the implementation of the nutrition strengthening strategy. The main nutritional fortified foods on the market include vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin D and other vitamin fortified foods. Calcium, iodine, iron, zinc and other mineral fortified foods; Amino acid fortified foods such as lysine.
4. Principles to be followed when selecting nutritionally fortified foods scientifically
1. Targeted principles
Everyone's genetic factors, physical condition, age, living environment, nutritional status and other conditions are different. Therefore, when purchasing nutritionally fortified foods, we should first understand the health status of the consumers, and then grasp the natural food sources of nutritional fortifiers and the dietary collocation of the consumers, and it is best to have a doctor's examination and diagnosis.
2. Principle of balance
The nutrients ingested by the human body should form a relative balance with the physiological needs of the body, and the supplementation of various nutrients must be reasonable, and it is not allowed to be partial or excessive. There is a very complicated relationship between various nutrients in food, and all kinds of nutrients have a certain content and proportion in the human body.
3. principle of gradual progress
if there are multiple nutrient deficiencies at the same time, it should be strengthened step by step in a planned way. Which nutrient is the most serious deficiency, which one should be strengthened first, and then another nutrient should be strengthened after the deficiency of this nutrient is corrected. For example, when children are short of iron and zinc at the same time, they can generally take iron agents or foods that strengthen iron first, and then eat foods that supplement zinc after anemia is corrected.
4. Safety principle
When buying fortified foods, you must go to regular shopping malls, choose foods that are approved by the state and accepted by the health department and are within the shelf life, read the instructions on the food packaging carefully, and pay attention to their quality problems. Ordinary people had better choose fortified food promoted by the national nutrition improvement project.
5. Matters needing attention when selecting nutritionally fortified foods
1. Understand the nutrient requirements and requirements of human body
Understand the nutrient reference intake of China residents in different age groups and special groups recommended by China Nutrition Society, and make preliminary judgments on some nutritional deficiencies according to their physical conditions, and purposefully select foods with corresponding nutritional fortifiers.
2. Choose a reasonable fortified dose
Only when the absorbable nutrients in the food are insufficient, the missing part needs to be supplemented by nutritious fortified foods. Otherwise, excessive intake of one nutrient will result in decreased absorption or increased excretion of other nutrients. If too much calcium intake will lead to an increase in phosphorus excretion, too much sugar intake will lead to an increase in vitamin B1 consumption, and too much zinc supplementation will reduce iron absorption. Therefore, we should choose the right amount of fortified food, neither lack nor excessive intake.
3. Avoid blindly choosing fortified foods
Choose fortified foods according to different situations. For example, people who eat too fine a diet, often eat refined white rice noodles and like to eat rice and soup can easily lead to vitamin B1 deficiency; Children with loss of appetite, yellow hair and pica may have zinc deficiency; Children under 3 years old, pregnant women and women with excessive menstrual flow should be properly supplemented with iron; People who eat less animal foods can choose vitamin A and vitamin B2 fortified foods.
4. There is a time limit for eating fortified foods
The nutritional status of human body is changing at any time, and fortified foods are not suitable for eating as ordinary foods for a long time. If the deficiency of a certain nutrient has been relieved, it should be stopped in time and replaced by natural food to supply sufficient nutrients, so as to avoid destroying the balance between a certain nutrient and other nutrients due to excessive intake, thus increasing the metabolic burden of tissues and organs.
5. Nutritious fortified foods should not be used to replace ordinary daily foods
Although nutritionally fortified foods can supplement certain foods.