1, Zhang

Zhang (1March 87519-1June 4, 928) was born in Jiazhangsi Village, Haicheng County, Fengtian (now Haicheng City, Liaoning Province). Father of the famous patriotic general Zhang Xueliang. Zhang's nickname is Laogeda, and he likes to be called "Zhang Dashuai".

Zhang was born in a poor peasant family at an early age, participated in the Sino-Japanese War in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and later joined the Greenwood, becoming more and more powerful. Unable to suppress it, the Qing government drafted him into the army. Zhang helped the Qing court destroy Du and other bandits, and then eliminated all evils, safeguarded national unity and gradually improved it. He served as the governor of Fengtian and the governor of three northeastern provinces, and became the leader of Beiyang Army.

Set up military consolidation offices in three northeastern provinces? . Alliance with Sun Yat-sen, Duan and Duan? . After the victory of the second Zhifeng War, Zhang entered Beijing as a grand marshal, exercising sovereignty on behalf of the Republic of China and becoming the supreme ruler of the country? .

During his reign, he repeatedly resisted Japan and refused to sign a traitorous treaty. 1928, Zhang was forced to return to the northeast because of the unfavorable front-line war.

1June 4, 928, Zhang was seriously injured by explosives buried on the train of the Japanese Kwantung Army, which was called Huanggutun incident in history. He died the same day after being sent back to the official residence in Shenyang.

2. Feng

Feng (1859 65438+1October 7-19 65438+February 28), whose real name is Washington, is a native of Xishijing Village, Hejian County, Zhili Province, and is a direct warlord leader. He is also known as "the Three Heroes of Beiyang" with Wang Shizhen and Duan.

Feng graduated from Beiyang Military Equipment School in his early years and served as general manager of Beiyang Infantry School and general manager of training camp. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Feng was appointed as the military officer of the Central Training Department, and later served as the commander-in-chief of the First Army.

He is also a leader, but he is smart, studious and diligent. During the Revolution of 1911, he led Beiyang Army to suppress Wuchang Uprising. Later, he was ordered to lead an army to attack Nanjing and suppress the "second revolution."

He is also the governor of Jiangsu, sitting in the southeast. After Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, he was appointed as the chief of staff, and later replaced Duan as the commander-in-chief of the Yunnan army, but he did not take office. And in conjunction with the five generals, he sent an electricity call to force Yuan Shikai to cancel the emperor system.

After Yuan Shikai's death, Li succeeded as president, and Feng was elected as vice president by the National Assembly and worked in Ning. After the outbreak of Li and Duan, the court dispute triggered the restoration, but it was suppressed by Duan.

Li resigned, Feng went to Beijing as acting president, and Duan became prime minister. In the seventh year of the Republic of China (19 18), Feng resigned as vice president in the eighth year of the Republic of China (19) and returned to his hometown in Hejian.

In the eighth year of the Republic of China (19 19), Feng arrived in Beijing in June and died on February 28th, 65438, at the age of 60.

3. Duan Ruiqi

Duan (1865- 1936), whose real name is Zhiquan, was once called "the right old man" in his later years. He was born in Hefei, Anhui, so he is also called "Duan Hefei". A famous politician in the Republic of China, he is known as the "tiger of Beiyang", the leader of Anhui warlords, and the main target of Sun Yat-sen's "movement to protect the people".

From 19 16 to 1920, he was the actual ruler of Beiyang government. The Republic of China was temporarily in power from 1924 to 1926. On March 1926 and 18, the Duan government suppressed the student movement in Beijing and the "March 18th" tragedy occurred.

After the September 18th Incident, the Japanese threatened Duan to organize a puppet government in the northeast, but Duan sternly refused. 1936165438+1October 2, Duan died in Shanghai Hong 'en Hospital.

Extended data:

Beiyang warlord: the feudal comprador military and political group established by Yuan Shikai. The origin of warlords can be traced back to the warlords of Hunan and Huai. 1885 (11th year of Guangxu), Li Hongzhang held the Beiyang Wujiang Hall in Tianjin to prepare the team for the later Beiyang Warlord Group.

The Xiang Army and Huai Army, which the Qing government relied on to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, were completely defeated and collapsed in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-0/894+65438. Li Hongzhang's new Beiyang Navy was also wiped out. In order to support the crisis and suppress the people's revolution, in the winter of 1894, the Qing government appointed Hu Kun, a Huai bureaucrat, to train the new army at a station near Tianjin.

1895, the Qing government appointed Yuan Shikai as the new army supervisor and took over this army, which was controlled by the governor of Zhili and the minister of Beiyang. This is the beginning of the establishment of Beiyang Army. Beiyang army is trained according to the German battalion system and code, which is different from the old army, so it is called training a new army. Beiyang Warlords came into being with the establishment and development of Beiyang Army.

In order to control Beiyang Army, Yuan Shikai paid attention to collecting party members and assembling troops from the beginning. The most important of them are Yuan Shikai's old friends, Wang Shizhen, Feng and Duan, who are known as the "Three Heroes of Beiyang" and graduated from Tianjin Military Equipment School, and Cao Kun and Zhang Xun, who formed the backbone of Beiyang warlords and became the leaders of various factions of Beiyang warlords.

From 65438 to 0898, Yuan Shikai betrayed the bourgeois reformists by relying on the Beiyang Army and gained the trust of the Western Empress Dowager and Zhili Governor Rong Lu. Yuan Shikai and his Beiyang Army first entered the political arena in the late Qing Dynasty. Therefore, from 1899 to 12, the Qing government sent Yuan Shikai to Shandong to suppress the Boxer Rebels, which was appreciated by Chinese and foreign reactionaries.

190 1 year, Yuan Shikai became an important governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang after Li Hongzhang. 1903, the Qing government reformed the military system and established the training department. Yuan Shikai was appointed minister of conference department, responsible for compiling and training the new army. He used his power to strengthen his own strength and renamed the new army "Beiyang Standing Army".

1905, the six towns in Beiyang were all completed, and the number of soldiers reached 60,000-80,000, of which five towns were under the control of Yuan Shikai. In recent years, the influence of Beiyang Army has expanded from Zhili to Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and Northeast provinces. With the expansion of the Beiyang army, Yuan Shikai and his cronies became close friends, and gradually formed an armed political group headed by Yuan Shikai, the Beiyang Warlords Group, which can influence state affairs.

Beiyang government: 19 12 to 1928 The government of the Republic of China in Beijing controlled by Beiyang warlords. 19 12 15 In February, Yuan Shikai took office as the interim president of the Republic of China, and in March, 10 took office in Beijing, forcing the Nanjing interim government to move to Beijing, which marked the beginning of the rule of the Beiyang government in the history of the Republic of China.

Relying on the support of imperialism, Beiyang government mainly represents the domestic feudal forces at home, taking Beiyang army as the ruling pillar, suppressing the people, rejecting dissidents and establishing militarized rule throughout the country.

Beiyang government is closely related to the rise and fall of various factions of Beiyang warlords. According to time, it can be roughly divided into four stages: Yuan Shikai's rule, Anhui warlord's rule, direct warlord's rule and Feng warlord's rule.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Three Warlords