Fire is one of the important disasters that threaten people's lives and property. Here are some lectures on fire safety knowledge for your reference!

Lecture on fire safety knowledge-fire is an important disaster that threatens human safety. In terms of its destructiveness, it is the third largest disaster after drought and flood. Fires, especially those on campus and in children's lives, are mostly preventable. We should learn to master fire prevention knowledge, understand the causes of fire, and use self-help knowledge to escape in case of emergency fire.

First, the main cause of the fire

1. Open flame ignition: such as lighting candles, burning confetti in classrooms or playgrounds, improper use of gas and liquefied gas, improper use of kerosene stoves, gasoline, alcohol and other flammable and explosive substances.

2. Pulling and connecting wires and fuses indiscriminately: if a fire is caused by short circuit or poor contact of wires; Some even use copper wire or iron wire instead of fuse, which makes it impossible to fuse in time when the circuit is overloaded and fails, resulting in the wire catching fire.

3. Improper use of electrical appliances: for example, the light bulb is baked near combustible materials for a long time and caught fire; Using electric heaters to ignite without supervision; Electrical appliances are not maintained for a long time, wire insulation is aging, and leakage short circuit causes fire.

5. Use high-power electrical appliances indoors: The wiring in the classroom or bedroom is designed according to the daily lighting and the use of small tape recorders. For example, the use of electric appliances such as electric stoves, rice cookers, electric cups, and rapid heating will often overload the wires and cause fires.

Second, prevent fire.

1. The key to fire prevention is to do a good job in fire prevention. People's Republic of China (PRC) Fire Law, fire laws and regulations formulated by governments at all levels and public security fire departments at all levels, and various safety management systems of schools are the criteria that teachers must abide by. These laws, regulations and safety management systems are the summary of fire accident lessons. Fire prevention must be carefully mastered, strictly implemented and consciously observed.

2. When studying and working in classrooms and offices, we should strictly abide by various safety regulations, operating procedures and related systems. Before using the instruments and equipment, carefully check the power supply, pipelines, fire sources and auxiliary instruments and equipment. For example, whether it is properly placed and whether the operation process is clear. , and then do a good job of preparation before operation. Carefully clean and close after use.

Turn off power supply, fire source, water source, etc. , and remove debris and garbage. When using inflammable and explosive dangerous goods, you must pay attention to the fire safety regulations and operate carefully according to the regulations.

3. In kindergarten and at home, you should consciously abide by the safety management regulations and don't pull the wires indiscriminately; Do not use electric stoves, rapid heating, electric cups, rice cookers and other electrical appliances; Don't use open flames in kindergartens and homes; Don't bring inflammable and explosive materials into the classroom and home; Don't burn things indoors; Report to the superior in time when unsafe hidden dangers are found; Take good care of fire-fighting facilities and equipment, and do not move or use them for other purposes at will; When there is no one indoors, turn off the electrical appliances and power switch.

Third, put out the fire

In case of fire, you should report it immediately? 1 19? The earlier the fire alarm, the smaller the loss. When giving an alarm, you should be calm, and clearly and concisely explain the fire location (unit, house number), what is on fire, the fire size, the fire range, etc. At the same time, pay attention to listen to each other's questions in order to answer them correctly. Then,

Give your phone number and name to the other party so that you can contact at any time. After the alarm, someone should be sent to wait at the school gate to help guide the fire truck to the scene of the fire quickly. At the same time, quickly organize personnel to clear the fire passage and remove obstacles, so that the fire truck can immediately enter the best position for fire fighting and rescue after arriving at the fire scene. If there are new changes in the fire area, it is necessary to report to the fire brigade in time so that they can change the fire fighting tactics in time and achieve the best results. Besides reporting it in time? 1 19? In addition, it should also be reported to the school security department. When fighting a fire, attention should be paid to cutting off the power supply and gas source of the fire site first, and at the same time, attention should be paid to transferring flammable and explosive dangerous goods in the fire site and its vicinity first. If it is really impossible to transfer, try to cool down.

Fourth, the use of fire extinguishers

When using dry powder fire extinguishers or fire extinguishers such as foam extinguisher, we should pay attention to putting out the fire as close as possible to the burning point and aiming at the root of the flame under the premise of ensuring our own safety, so as to achieve good fire extinguishing effect; At the same time, when putting out the fire, try to keep yourself in the upper hand position.

Attention should also be paid when putting out the fire. Some items cannot be put out with water.

1. High voltage electrical equipment is on fire. Because water is conductive, high-voltage current will be conducted to fire-fighting equipment along the water column, which will make firefighters get an electric shock or cause electrical equipment to be short-circuited and burned.

2. Calcium carbide is on fire. Calcium carbide, that is, calcium carbide, generates flammable gas acetylene when it meets water, and it is easy to explode when it meets open flame after being mixed with oxygen in the air.

3. Flammable liquid with lighter specific gravity than water catches fire. Flammable liquid on fire will float on the water surface and flow everywhere, causing the fire to spread.

4. Sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid are on fire. Because these three kinds of strong acids react strongly when they meet water, they cause strong acids to splash and even cause explosions.

5, metal potassium, sodium, lithium and flammable metal aluminum powder, magnesium powder and other fires caused by combustion. Because when they react with water, they will generate a large amount of combustible gas hydrogen, which not only adds fuel to the fire, but also easily leads to explosion.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) self-help method in case of fire

After the fire, if you are trapped by the fire, the most important thing is to keep a clear head and never panic. You should take the best self-help plan according to the fire and try to get out of the dangerous area as soon as possible. In order to reduce losses and avoid unnecessary casualties.

1. Buy time and leave the scene as soon as possible. After the fire, don't delay precious escape time for trivial matters such as dressing and finding money, but choose the passage opposite the fire source to escape quickly. When there is smoke at the scene, you should try to lower your body or crawl, and never walk upright to avoid being suffocated by smoke. Don't panic when clothes are burned, roll on the ground immediately and put out the open flame.

2. Choose channels and break away decisively. If the stairs are on fire, but the fire is not very fierce, you can put on a clothes or sheets soaked in water and rush down the stairs. If the fire at the stairway is too fierce to force it through, you can use a rope or tear the sheets into strips to form a rope, tie one end to a solid door, window or other heavy object, and then slide down the window along the rope. If there is a serious fire threat and life danger, if the floor is only two or three stories high, you can consider jumping from the window. Before jumping, throw some soft objects down, and then press the window with your hands to shorten the height as much as possible, so as to ensure that your feet land first and ensure your life safety. Never take the elevator when you escape, in case you are trapped in the elevator after the circuit is broken.

3. Buy time and wait for help. When all kinds of escape roads are cut off, you should go back indoors, take smoke and fire prevention measures, close the doors and windows, and water them to delay the spread of the fire. Cover your nose and mouth with multiple layers of wet towels for personal protection. At the same time, you can throw some small things outdoors and send out a distress signal with a flashlight at night. If there is a mobile phone or telephone in the room, use it to keep in touch with the outside world and buy time for the outside world to come to the rescue as soon as possible.

Lecture on fire safety knowledge1In early February, our school invited instructor Zhang of the fire brigade to give a lecture on fire safety knowledge. The following is the specific content. Without fire, people can't live. In our opinion, fire is omnipotent. In ancient times, in order to survive, our ancestors struggled with various disasters in nature and discovered and used fire. In modern times, people use fire to burn processed food and send rockets to the sky through fire ... It is hard for us to imagine a day without fire, but there are tens of thousands of fires every year, and many families have lost their loved ones. 2015165438+1October 14 A fire broke out in Room 602 of the dormitory building of Shanghai University of Commerce, and four girls panicked and fell to their deaths. The youngest is only 19 years old. Do they use it at night? Hot fast? At the same time, they caught up with the unified power outage in the school, and they forgot to unplug the hot plug of the power supply. When the school resumed power supply the next morning, did it heat up quickly? Dry burning leads to fire. I gave you a real case, mainly to attract students' attention.

First, the basic knowledge of fire control

Fire safety is very important, and fire control work includes two aspects: first, fire prevention; The second is fire fighting. Policy: give priority to prevention and combine prevention with elimination.

What are the causes of fire accidents?

The main causes of fire accidents are: arson, electricity consumption, illegal operation, careless use of fire, playing with fire, smoking, spontaneous combustion, lightning strike, earthquake and wind disaster.

Second, what should I pay attention to in fire prevention?

There are many measures to prevent fire. Students should first start with the little things in daily life:

Don't play with fire. Some students are curious about fire and often play with it, which is very dangerous. When playing with fire, once the fire spreads or leaves unfinished fire, it is easy to cause fire.

2. Don't smoke. Smoking is harmful to health and easy to cause fire.

3. Take care of fire control facilities. In order to prevent fire and fire accidents, fire hydrants, fire extinguishers, fire sandboxes and other fire-fighting facilities have been set up in residential buildings and public places, and safe passages for evacuation have been left in case of fire. We should consciously care for fire control facilities and ensure the smooth passage of safety.

Third, how to pay attention to fire prevention at home?

Fires in families are often caused by careless use of fire and improper use of electrical appliances. Students should pay attention to:

The length is heated by the stove. Stoves should be placed at a safe distance from flammable wooden furniture and away from firewood in rural areas.

2. someone should watch the clothes drying, and people can't leave for a long time.

3. Don't store flammable items near the fire.

4. When making a fire, don't use kerosene or gasoline to support combustion, so as to avoid the fire burning violently.

5. Take out unburned ashes and cinders and dump them in a safe place to prevent other objects from burning and catching fire.

6. Use household appliances to meet safety requirements, and don't disassemble them at will, so as not to cause safety performance degradation and fire.

7. Be careful when using hot appliances (such as electric irons), so as not to make them ignite flammable items.

8. When electrical appliances are used or personnel leave, turn off the power supply in time to prevent electrical appliances from overheating.

9. Use gas appliances to prevent gas leakage, and turn off the gas source after use.

10. The gas tank should be used away from the fire source; Check regularly to ensure that gas facilities and appliances are in good condition.

Fourth, how do schools pay attention to fire prevention?

There are also fire safety problems in schools, and the following points should be noted:

Do not bring matches, lighters and other kindling into the campus, and do not bring inflammable and explosive articles such as gasoline and firecrackers into the campus.

2. When the experimental class needs to use alcohol lamps and some flammable chemicals, it should be carried out under the guidance of the teacher and in strict accordance with the operating requirements. Be careful to prevent the danger of using fire.

Don't burn waste paper at will.

4. When cleaning, litter and other garbage should be buried deep or sent to the garbage station, and the method of ignition and burning should not be adopted.

5. How to call the police in case of fire?

If a fire is found, the most important thing is to call the police, so as to put out the fire in time, control the fire and reduce the losses caused by the fire.

1. The telephone number of the fire alarm is 1 19. This figure should be kept in mind. In any part of the country, the telephone number for reporting fire to the public security fire department is the same.

If you find a fire, you can call the police directly. If you don't have a phone at home, call the police with the phone of your neighbor, telephone booth or nearby unit as soon as possible.

3. When reporting a fire, it is necessary to explain to the fire department the unit or place where the fire broke out, the district (county), street, lane, house number or national address, what was the fire and how it was.

4. After the alarm, it is best to arrange personnel to wait for the fire truck at the nearby intersection to guide the way to the fire.

5. Don't call the fire alarm at will. It is illegal to lie about a fire alarm and disturb public order.

6. In the absence of telephone, you should shout loudly or take other measures to attract the attention of neighbors and pedestrians, and assist in fire fighting or alarm.

Six, how to deal with minor fire emergency?

If there is a fire, you should call the police in time. Students should also master simple and easy methods to deal with sudden small fires.

1. Water is the most commonly used fire extinguishing agent. Fires such as wood, paper and cotton cloth can be put out directly with water.

2. Quickly cover the fire with mud, sand, soaked quilts or blankets, which can effectively put out the fire.

3. Use broom, mop, etc. You can also put out small fires.

4. Oil, alcohol and other fires should not be put out with water, but can be quickly covered with sand or soaked quilts.

5. In case of gas fire, cover the ignition point with a wet towel and quickly cut off the gas source.

6. When the electrical appliance is on fire, don't put it out with water or cover it with damp items. Water is a conductor, so you will get an electric shock. The correct way is to cut off the power supply first and then put out the fire.

7. Use a simple dry powder fire extinguisher

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