(1) Green courtyard. Greening courtyard design must first follow the local landscape characteristics to avoid losing the rural landscape flavor due to large-scale greening and beautification. Through the reasonable combination of fruit trees, vegetable gardens and some flowers, it not only gives tourists a colorful and more idyllic courtyard, but also creates an ecological experience place for them, so that tourists can experience the joy of farming and learn about fruit trees and vegetable planting without leaving home. Secondly, we should skillfully use "borrowing scenery" to make the rural landscape outside the courtyard a part of courtyard greening's landscape, so as to increase people's sense of openness. Through clever headdresses and appropriate openings, we can introduce attractive natural beauty (which can extend all the way to the distant mountains or the horizon) into the courtyard. Finally, we should use natural greening methods to carry out courtyard greening and plant native tree species, shrubs and grass seeds to avoid ecological security problems such as changing the flavor of rural native landscape and even biological invasion caused by planting large areas of exotic species.

(2) Design of water resources system. The design of water resources system is mainly from the perspective of saving water and realizing water recycling, that is, combining human excrement, domestic miscellaneous water, rainwater, garden and fruit irrigation water and landscape water into a relatively perfect system, thus reducing pollutant emissions and creating a recycling water utilization system. The system mainly starts from two angles. First, it combines rainwater collection system, domestic miscellaneous water, garden fruit and vegetable water and landscape water. After rainwater and domestic miscellaneous water are collected, they enter the soil-plant treatment system composed of aquatic purification plants (such as water lilies and water onions) and pebbles, and then enter the courtyard for garden landscape water and garden irrigation. The second is to combine the domestic sewage such as human excrement with the garden fruit and vegetable system: human excrement and kitchen water enter the fruit and vegetable garden as agricultural water after passing through septic tanks to realize the utilization and treatment of sewage. The process is shown in Figure 6-4.

In the process of design and construction, the demand for electricity should be reduced as much as possible, and the existing terrain conditions should be used to form gravity to make the water system circulate, and the recovered and purified water will eventually flow into the rural streams to realize the connection with the external water system, so as to prevent the courtyard from overflowing due to excessive rainfall or water volume. In order to ensure the safety of effluent quality, clean plants, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and oak trees with a certain width can be arranged around the courtyard outlet to reduce biochemical oxygen demand.

(3) Garbage disposal system. The garbage disposal system mainly sets up safe, simple and beautiful garbage storage facilities from the perspective of reduction and resource utilization. First of all, we should reduce the use of disposable substances and the amount of garbage generated, and then we should collect organic garbage and non-organic garbage separately. For organic matter, modern ecological technologies such as natural compost barrel can be used to naturally ferment organic waste into organic fertilizer through efficient microorganisms, which can be used in farmland, vegetable garden and private plot. For non-organic garbage, garbage (such as metal, plastic, glass, etc.) can be recycled. ) and other non-organic waste are classified, and the recyclable waste is sold to the material recovery department for reprocessing; Other non-organic wastes that cannot be recycled are transported to the garbage disposal site in this area for sanitary landfill or incineration, as shown in Figure 6-5.

(4) Energy system. Efficient utilization of energy is an important factor in the service facilities of ecological farms, which should be considered from the perspective of clean energy utilization and energy saving. Clean energy is the rational utilization of wind energy, biomass energy and solar energy. Due to the local monsoon and wind speed, wind energy is usually underdeveloped. Biogas can be produced by fermenting biomass energy such as livestock manure and human manure, but for ordinary farmers, there may not be enough raw materials for biogas development in terms of economic benefits. Therefore, the utilization of solar energy has become the main clean energy for ecological farmers. The installation of solar photothermal equipment and solar water heater will reduce its dependence on external energy and reduce the emission of atmospheric pollutants. Energy saving is mainly from the aspects of building orientation and design, courtyard greening configuration, etc. Make full use of the good external environment to achieve adequate lighting and natural ventilation. That is, the house design in Feng Shui should be able to "hide the wind and gather gas, and get water and lock gold": ① In the configuration of courtyard greening, the rich trees and vegetation in the courtyard in summer can create a good microclimate and resist the scorching sun; In winter, you can get enough sunshine to resist the cold current. ② In terms of building layout, summer can promote the smooth entry of the dominant wind direction and strengthen the wind pressure on the windward side, thus strengthening the indoor natural ventilation and reducing the cooling power; In winter, the dominant wind direction can be blocked and the wind pressure on the windward side can be weakened, thus reducing the heating power.

(5) Architectural design. No matter whether the original farm house is rebuilt or newly built, the architectural design should respect nature and pay attention to the integration with the natural landscape. The architectural color should be coordinated with the surrounding rural ecological environment background; The volume of a building should be in harmony with its nature, function and natural atmosphere, and should not be large and high; The style should be consistent with the local style, simple and simple but can reflect the adaptation to the environment. Use local materials or environmentally friendly materials (such as renewable materials and non-toxic materials) as much as possible. ) is applied to buildings and their interior decoration. The new farmhouse should fully combine the current situation of the existing land and respect the original land characteristics. For example, the building of the farmhouse eco-tourism area in hilly areas should be built according to the original natural mountain shape, which can not only reduce the amount of earthwork excavation, but also show a stretch and elegant posture.

In addition, it is necessary to fully integrate the characteristics of the courtyard and the surrounding natural landscape, and use windows and balconies to strengthen the best landscape parts, so that tourists living in the house can experience the intimacy with nature and bring natural elements and natural environment into the living environment. While highlighting the beautiful landscape, we should pay attention to shielding the poor landscape visual effect through walls, trees and decorations.