In order to further improve the construction of community home care service system in our city, boost and improve the socialization of old-age care, and promote the harmonious development of Kunming's economy and society, the Social Law Committee conducted a special investigation on the construction of different types and representative community home care service centers in our city from April to June in 2010.
First, the status quo and effectiveness of the elderly population and pension service institutions in our city
(A) the basic situation of the elderly population in our city
According to international standards, the proportion of people over 60 years old to the total population in a region reaches 10%, or the proportion of people over 65 years old to the total population reaches 7%, which is a sign of entering an aging society. China entered an aging society in 1999, and by the end of 20 12, the elderly population in China reached1940,000, accounting for 14.9% of the total population. 199 1 year, the elderly population in our city is 362,500, accounting for 10.09% of the total population, indicating that our city has entered an aging society. By the end of 20 12, the registered elderly population in our city had reached 872,640, accounting for 16.06% of the registered population in the city, an increase of 1.4 1 year, with an average annual increase of 7.5%. At present, there are 230,000 empty nesters in our city, accounting for 26.36% of the total elderly population. Disabled elderly 1.9 million, accounting for 2 1.77% of the total elderly population. Among 3 1 provincial capital cities in China, our city ranks 9th in the degree of aging, and 1 among Yunnan 16 states (cities). It is a city with a serious aging population, with the characteristics of aging and empty nest, and the number of disabled and semi-disabled elderly who need nursing has increased sharply.
(B) the status quo of the old-age service institutions in our city
At present, our city has four activity centers for the elderly with a certain scale, and there are 1 19 institutions for the aged, with a total of16,000 beds, and every thousand elderly people have 18 beds. There are 72 community home care service centers that have been built and put into operation. The Municipal Association for the Development of the Aged Industry and the Association for the Aged Industry in XX City were established, accounting for 95% of the city's total.
(C) the construction and effectiveness of the community home care service system in our city
1. Construction of Community Home Care Service Center
According to the relevant requirements of the 12th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Aged, our city started the construction of community home care service center in 20 12. In that year, the province gave our city 60 construction tasks, 2013,80. So far, 72 buildings have been completed and put into use.
-Construction mode and scale. Because it is difficult to find 800 square meters of residential area in the old city built earlier in our city, we proceed from reality and adjust measures to local conditions to build, rebuild and expand, lease sites and integrate resources. Some centers have relatively complete functions, while others use multi-point construction to make up or realize relatively complete functions.
-Service content. At present, according to the needs of the elderly in different communities in our city, four basic services have been expanded in individual "centers". For example, on the basis of in-depth investigation, the demonstration site of community home-based care for the elderly in XX District has added services such as emotional care, outreach of old-age care institutions, and small family pairing.
-Service objects and methods. The service target is the elderly over 60 years old in this area, which is divided into free, low compensation and paid services according to the actual situation of the elderly. The free service target is the urban "three noes" and rural "five guarantees" elderly with household registration in this area; The object of low compensation service is the elderly in the elderly group with local household registration and the elderly in special groups; The paid service target is the elderly with financial resources and service needs.
2. Operation of community home care service center
Our city actively explores the different operation modes of community home care service centers, which can be roughly divided into the following five categories according to management subjects and sources of funds. First, the government pays the operating expenses in full. For example, the changshou road Community Home Care Service Center in XX District was established in 2008, shared with the office building of the community neighborhood committee, and recruited staff in combination with the "4050" re-employment work of laid-off workers. Since its establishment, it has provided services to1290,000 people, and invested 650,000 yuan annually for the government to purchase services. Second, the collective economy bears the operating expenses. For example, Zhongying Community Home Care Service Center in XX District was established in March 20 12. The land reserved for the construction of new residential areas will provide catering services for more than 50 elderly people and entertainment activities for more than 80 people every day. The third is to establish social forces and private economic subsidies. The 9 16 community pension demonstration base in XX District was established in April of 20 1 1, and the venue was provided free of charge by caring entrepreneurs. Since its establishment, it has provided services to 36,000 people, and the caring enterprise provides operating capital of10.2 million yuan every year. Fourth, large industrial and mining communities, composed of units and communities, such as XX Xincun Community Home Care Service Center, were established in 20 1 1, sharing office space with community neighborhood committees and working with unit retirees. Since its establishment, it has provided services to 30,000 people, and has invested 700,000 yuan for the government to purchase services. Fifth, the "three jobs" cooperation mode explored by the Municipal Women's Federation to participate in the community home care service, that is, led by the Municipal Women's Federation, the whole city is composed of female workers, social workers and voluntary workers, and Nanxin housekeeping service company is introduced to provide social work services, and volunteers are recruited to provide services and help for the community home care.
3. Work results
Up to now, the construction of community home care service system in our city has gone through three stages: the first stage is the "Starlight Plan" in 2000, that is, in 2-3 years after 2000, about 4-5 billion yuan of welfare funds were raised by issuing welfare lottery tickets to finance the construction of welfare service facilities for the elderly in urban communities, activity places and rural township nursing homes; The second stage is the "163" plan in 2007, that is, to set up a "1" service center for the elderly with 50,000 yuan for each community to provide "six" services of warmth, assistance, medical care, education, entertainment and rights protection for the poor elderly, disabled elderly, elderly living alone and sick elderly in the community. The third stage is the current "community home care service center" construction, that is, to establish and improve the three-level service network of counties (cities), towns (streets) and communities (villages), and basically realize the full coverage of urban streets and community home care service networks. More than 80% urban communities and more than 20% rural communities have established comprehensive community service facilities and places, including old-age services.
At present, we have gradually explored a new way based on home-based care for the aged, relying on community resources and social forces to participate. Community home-based care for the elderly ranks in the forefront of the province, and the southwest region is above average. Through field visits, we know that as of March 20 13, 72 "centers" in our city have received financial subsidies of 49 million yuan from provinces, cities and districts (see table 5 for specific subsidy standards), of which more than 23 million yuan has been applied for provincial financial subsidies and more than 60,000 yuan has been invested by municipal finance.
Two, the city's current community home care service system problems and causes analysis.
(A) the development of community home care service system is uneven. First, the development between counties (cities) is unbalanced. Second, the development between communities is unbalanced.
(B) the lack of policy support at the municipal level, it is difficult to form a joint force between various functional departments. The construction of community home care service system involves planning, land, housing construction, professional training, government purchase services, volunteer service management and many other aspects. , it needs the coordinated promotion of multiple functional departments.
(3) The "three difficulties" are prominent in the work. First of all, the difficulty in selecting the location of "central" housing is the main restrictive factor in the construction of community home-based care service system. Second, it is difficult to implement matching funds at all levels. Third, the difficulty in operation is a prominent problem in the construction of community home care service system.
(D) Service projects need to be expanded, and the function of "central" pension service should be given full play. Because the "center" construction is still in its infancy, there is still a big gap with the basic functional requirements of the "center" construction. In addition, due to insufficient publicity, some "centers" have relatively perfect facilities and configurations, but the service volume is not saturated, so it is difficult for "centers" to really play the role of providing services for the elderly.
(E) The function of the community is not perfect, and the integration and utilization rate of community resources is not high. The construction of community home care service system is based on the community, rooted in the community and serves the community. It needs the participation and cooperation of every organization and family in the community, and needs to integrate all kinds of resources in the community into the unified planning of the development and construction of the whole community. However, according to the survey, many existing community resources are still in a "fragmented" state. First of all, community grass-roots organizations failed to achieve effective linkage. Second, the property management of the "center" and the community failed to share information and resources. Third, the resources owned by public units and organizations in the community have not been fully utilized, and the introduction of social forces is not enough.
(six) the main responsibility of the "center" is not clear enough, and the construction of the elderly service team needs to be strengthened. First, the subject of "central" responsibility is not clear enough. Second, the strength of the elderly service team is weak and there is a lack of professional elderly nursing staff.
Three. Countermeasures and suggestions
(1) Raise awareness and strengthen leadership. Internationally, the average gdp per capita reached $65,438+$0,000 before entering the aging society, while China entered the aging society at $3,000. "Getting old before getting rich" has brought great impacts and challenges to the sustainable development of China's economy and the adjustment of its social structure. As the central city of the provincial capital, Party committees and governments at all levels should fully realize the significance of the construction of community home care service system for the elderly in building a harmonious society and a happy and beautiful new Kunming, which is an important content for our city to take the lead in realizing a well-off society in the province and an inevitable requirement for realizing the sustainable economic development of our city. It is necessary to effectively enhance the sense of urgency and responsibility of building a community home-based care service system, and combine social management innovation to establish a community home-based care service pattern of "government investment-led, diversified investors, popular clients, market-oriented operation mechanism and professional service team"; It is necessary to take the construction of community home-based care service system as an important livelihood project, put it on the important agenda and incorporate it into the performance appraisal system; Through policy support, capital investment, building a platform, cultivating institutions, typical demonstrations, service supervision, etc., we should earnestly strengthen the leadership in the construction of community home care service system in our city.
(two) to speed up the formulation of policies and measures to promote the construction of community home care service system. First, in accordance with the newly revised Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, we will promptly revise the Regulations on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly in XX City, and write the construction of the community home care service system into local regulations. The second is to formulate medium-and long-term development plans and improve the construction of home care service system in urban and rural communities. According to the development trend, distribution and needs of the elderly population in our city, scientific planning, high-level overall planning and top-level design are carried out. Third, the municipal government should speed up the promulgation of the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Community Home Care Service System in XX City", conscientiously sum up the pilot experience, conduct in-depth research, find out the situation, learn from the advanced experience and practices inside and outside the province, clarify the guiding ideology, objectives, tasks and phased requirements of community home care service system construction, and the specific responsibilities of various functional units, further standardize the construction and operation of the "center", and gradually establish a long-term operation, management and guarantee mechanism.
(three) to establish and improve the system and mechanism of community home care service system in our city. First, strengthen the responsibility of the municipal (county) and district-level departments in charge of the aged care industry, and be responsible for the industry management and business guidance of the community home-based aged care service system; Strengthen the county (city) district, street (township) two levels of government as the main responsibility of the "center" construction, responsible for the specific construction of the "center" project; Strengthen the main responsibility of street (township) and community territorial management. After the completion of the "Center" project, it will be managed and operated by communities, social organizations and enterprises, and the streets (towns) and communities will be responsible for daily supervision. Form a management system of home-based aged care service system with "grasping block management, combining blocks, focusing on blocks and non-profit organizations taking responsibility" as the "center". Second, give play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation, break the industry boundaries, liberalize the socialized aged care service market, and take various forms such as public construction and private, government purchase of services, and small discount loans to guide and cultivate social forces to participate in the construction of community home-based aged care service system and realize diversification of investment subjects; Encourage qualified professional non-profit organizations, especially social work institutions, to enter the community home care service. We can learn from the Shanghai model, establish an open bidding platform, set up a special pension service institution, stimulate the vitality of the industry by introducing marketization, and realize the marketization of the operating mechanism. The third is to establish and improve the working mechanism of government purchasing services, formulate the policy of "universal benefit and preferential treatment", give priority to providing services to the special elderly groups with the most urgent needs, and list the urban "three noes", rural "five guarantees", elderly people over 80 years old who live alone, live empty nests, are disabled and semi-disabled as government purchasing services, and provide them with free or low compensation services; Through market-oriented operation, we will continue to expand service content and innovate service methods, provide paid services for young and elderly people with service needs and certain economic ability, and gradually realize the publicity of service targets. The fourth is to establish and improve the funding guarantee mechanism of the community home care service system. The aging work is related to the livelihood of thousands of families, and the pension industry is a meager profit or unprofitable industry. It is suggested that the government give some support through financial allocation, preferential policies and tax reduction and exemption. In particular, it is necessary to give subsidies and support to the "helper" salary, day care beds, pension tables, venue leasing and other aspects of community home care service centers.
(4) Further improve the community functions and consolidate the hardware foundation of home-based care for the aged. First, the construction of "center" will be included in the unified planning and construction of community supporting service facilities, and will be assessed as an indispensable part of the construction of "harmonious community". Second, strengthen the construction of community hardware infrastructure, incorporate the "center" construction land into the construction plan of new residential areas, and reserve 5% or 8% of the total residential area for the elderly during development. Planning, land, housing construction, civil affairs and other departments should strictly control the examination and approval links of project establishment, planning, land use, project permission, naming of residential areas, and form a joint policy force; Strengthen the maintenance and renovation of hardware facilities in old residential areas, make full use of limited space, and gradually strengthen the hardware construction of the "center" through renovation and expansion. The third is to strengthen the integration and utilization of community resources. The "two committees" of the community should attach importance to and support the construction of the "center", strengthen the coordination and cooperation of grassroots organizations such as aging, civil affairs, health, industry, youth and women, fully rely on and tap the strength of community public units, mobilize the enthusiasm of community property management, and participate in community home-based care services.
(5) Strengthen team building, and build a full-time and part-time community pension service team. First, further rationalize the management system of aging work, integrate the resources of the Office for Ageing and the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres of the Municipal Party Committee, and adapt to the new challenges and new requirements put forward by the accelerated aging process. Second, combining the re-employment of "4050" personnel and referring to the way of "coordinator" in social management, 2-3 "helping the elderly" public welfare posts are set up in each "center". Third, strengthen the training of the aged care service personnel, cooperate with the labor and employment departments, regularly provide targeted rehabilitation, nursing and psychological training for full-time staff, implement "helping the elderly" with certificates and regular star rating, so as to improve the professional level of the aged care service team. Fourth, pay attention to the role of the "volunteer service for the elderly" team, carry out "providing for the elderly" and "providing for the elderly with bank savings", and mobilize the enthusiasm of volunteers, especially some young elderly volunteers.
(six) to increase publicity and lead the new trend of socialized pension. The recognition and recognition of community home-based care for the elderly in the whole society need to be further improved. Taking the newly revised Law on the Aged as an opportunity, it is a long-term strategic task of the country to strengthen publicity and actively respond to the aging of the population, give play to the guiding and promoting role of public opinion, strengthen the consciousness that "every family has an elderly person, and everyone will be old", and form a strong atmosphere in which the whole society cares and pays attention to the cause of old-age services. Give full play to the role of news media, publicize the background, connotation and significance of community home care service through various activities, and release the social "positive energy" of respecting, loving and supporting the elderly through the publicity and promotion of the actual effect of "central" care service, so as to improve social attention; It is necessary to give detailed publicity and explanation to the elderly, gradually change their traditional concepts of life, consumption and old-age care, accept this new way of old-age care, and lead the new trend of socialized old-age care.
;