6900 square meters, five-storey comprehensive building with shopping mall (opening report, calculation, architectural and structural drawings) Graduation Design (Thesis)
Opening Report
Title Xi'an a five-storey comprehensive building design
A. Basis and significance of selecting the topic:
Comprehensive building is comprehensive in the function of use. The structure is also comprehensive. Housing in the use of function for the comprehensive building means: commercial, office, conference room, multi-functional hall, etc.. It is characterized by the middle or top floor of the building are equipped with "multi-functional hall". It can be found in schools, enterprises, hospitals and other building groups. With the rapid development of the city and the economy, the complex building is also in the rapid development and in the business in occupies an important position. At the same time, its market value is also increasing.
Graduation design is the last major teaching link in the undergraduate training program of civil engineering, but also the most important comprehensive practical teaching links, the purpose is to cultivate the undergraduate civil engineering graduates through graduation design of this longer teaching links, the comprehensive application of the basic courses learned, the technical basic courses and professional courses knowledge and related skills, to solve the specific problems of the civil engineering design issues required The comprehensive ability and innovation ability required.
The graduation design requires students to independently and systematically complete an engineering design under the guidance of the instructor, solve all the problems related to it, and familiarize themselves with the relevant design specifications, manuals, standard drawings, and methods commonly used in engineering practice, which is characterized by practicability and comprehensiveness. Therefore, it has an important role in cultivating students' comprehensive quality, enhancing engineering consciousness and innovation ability which cannot be replaced by other teaching links. At the same time, in the process of completing the graduation design, we are also required to utilize both perceptual and rational knowledge to grasp the treatment of the whole building, which includes both the appearance and structure of the building. It also requires us to better understand the current situation and trend of the development of domestic and international architectural design, pay more attention to the academic dynamics in this area, as well as we have greater attainments in the direction of civil engineering specialization in the future. In addition, in the design involves a lot of computer software such as: drafting software AutoCAD and TIANZHENG, office software, structural design calculation of PKPM and other software, through the use of these software, more to improve our ability to use the computer, which is a rare opportunity for our civil engineering graduates, through which we check and improve our basic theories and professional knowledge of Understanding, mastery and the practical ability of comprehensive application.
II. Research Overview and Development Trend at Home and Abroad (Including Literature Review):
With the rapid development of modern sensing technology, computer and communication technology, signal analysis and processing technology, and structural dynamic analysis theory, the concept of structural health monitoring has been put forward, which has brought about a revolutionary change in the development of civil engineering. Structural health monitoring system through the installation of various sensors on the structure, automatic, real-time measurement of the structure of the environment, load, response, etc., the structure of the health status assessment, scientific and effective to provide the structure of the maintenance and management of the decision-making basis, to ensure that the structure of the safe operation, to extend the service life of the structure.
In recent years, the health monitoring technology of large civil engineering projects, especially large-span bridge structures, has become a hotspot of concern for the domestic and international engineering and academic circles, and fruitful research results have been achieved through the efforts of scientific research and engineering technicians. Many newly built large bridges at home and abroad in recent years have been installed with structural health monitoring system. As a civil engineering student, we are well aware of the wide scope of civil engineering design and the close connection with social life. As a civil engineering student, we are aware of the wide range of civil engineering design and its close connection with the life of society. We only study a small branch of civil engineering at school and focus on the civil engineering part. In civil engineering, there are several kinds of structural layout: frame structure, shear wall structure, frame-shear wall structure, slab-column-shear wall structure, frame-support structure, cylinder structure, frame-core structure, mega structure and so on. For this design topic, and with the conditions given in the assignment, it is reasonable and practical to choose the frame structure.
(1) Humanization and networking have received widespread attention
The design of a complex building needs to take into account a variety of issues, involving science, technology, humanities, art and many other factors. The biggest goal of interior design is to create a comfortable, convenient, hygienic, safe and efficient working environment for employees. This goal is even more important in the current situation of increasingly fierce business competition. Comfort" involves building acoustics, optics, thermal engineering, environmental psychology, ergonomics and other disciplines; "convenient" involves functional flow analysis, ergonomics and other aspects of the content; "health "involves green materials, hygiene, water supply and drainage engineering and other aspects of the content; "security" issues related to building disaster prevention, decorative construction and other aspects of the content and so on. For example, some cutting-edge office products in Europe and the United States increasingly set up private offices in the center of the building, in order to make the open public **** area office employees can directly enjoy the natural light and scenery.
(2) service facilities integrated supporting the increasingly important
High-grade mixed-use buildings competition has been from simply than the cost, than the height, than supporting, than the service, than the management tilt, which is also the development of high-grade mixed-use buildings in developed countries is an important trend.
For leasing and sale as the main purpose of the development of high-grade office projects, must have a certain overall scale. For example, the integrated advantages of the building complex to show the project's high-grade quality, these products are usually the city's commercial, office, residential, hotel, exhibition, catering, conference, culture and entertainment, and other living space more than three according to their own characteristics of a reasonable combination, and the establishment of an interdependent, complementary, mutually supportive dynamic relationship between the various parts of the formation of a multi-functional, high-efficiency, complex and Organic unity of the complex.
(3) ecological energy-saving office building for the future development of the main direction
In the global context, the building of ecological intelligence has two major development trends: one is to mobilize all the means of technical construction to achieve low energy consumption, reduce pollution and the goal of sustainable development; the second is in-depth study of the indoor thermo-power environment (light, sound, heat, airflow, etc.) and ergonomics (the human body on the environment physiological, psychological) based on the Secondly, on the basis of in-depth study of the indoor thermodynamic environment (light, sound, heat, airflow, etc.) and ergonomics (the human body's physiological and psychological reflection of the environment), to create a healthy, comfortable and efficient living space. High comfort, low energy consumption is the international development trend, the world-wide energy crisis and China's energy shortages have made the building energy consumption issues are receiving more and more attention. July 1, 2005 began to implement the public **** building energy efficiency standards require mandatory implementation for a new generation of office products, there are more stringent restrictions.
(4) to high-rise development and intelligent development
With the acceleration of urbanization, a lot of wealth and resources continue to large cities, megacities, international cities rapidly concentrated, the huge business opportunities generated by the agglomeration effect, but also attracted a large number of enterprises concentrated in large cities. The world has been flattened by the wide application of Internet technology. In order to comply with the rapid development of Internet technology, the overall weak power system of the comprehensive building project has become a basic requirement for project construction, but the cross-introduction of a variety of cables makes the weak power configuration of the office building lack of integration and uneconomical. Intelligent technology is a technology aimed at improving the overall efficiency of the building, which places more emphasis on system integration capabilities.
Frame structure consists of beams and columns, members of small cross-section, so the frame structure of the bearing capacity and stiffness are lower, its force characteristics are similar to the vertical cantilever shear beams, the higher the floor, the slower the horizontal displacement, high-level frame in the longitudinal and transverse directions are subjected to a large amount of horizontal force, this time, cast in-situ floors are also used as a beam *** with the same work, the assembly of integral floors of the role of the structure is not taken into account, the frame structure Walls are infill walls, playing the role of enclosure and separation, the frame structure is characterized by the ability to provide flexible use of space for the building, which can provide a larger use of space, can also constitute a rich and varied facade modeling. Overseas mostly use steel as the frame material, while the domestic mainly for reinforced concrete frame, frame structure can be reasonable design, so that it has good ductility, become "ductile frame", in the earthquake, this ductile frame has good seismic performance. It has the following characteristics: [1] Reinforced concrete multi-storey frame structure as a commonly used structural form, with clear force transmission, flexible structural arrangement, seismic and integrity of the advantages of good, has been widely used in various types of multi-storey industrial and civil buildings. With the development of society, there are more and more multi-storey frame buildings. However, as the height of the structure increases, the horizontal action makes the bending moment and shear force of the beam-column members at the bottom of the frame increase significantly, which leads to the increase of beam-column cross-section size and reinforcement, to a certain extent, it will bring difficulties to the building layout and space processing, affecting the normal use of the building space, and it tends to be irrational in terms of the material consumption and cost. Frame structure residential refers to the reinforced concrete poured into the load-bearing beams and columns, and then prefabricated aerated concrete, expanded perlite, pumice, vermiculite, ceramic rotten and other lightweight panels partition wall assembly into the residential. Suitable for large-scale industrialized construction, higher efficiency, better project quality. [2] The arrangement of the frame structure house should be symmetrical and uniform, reduce the distance between the lateral stiffness in the line of action and the horizontal load combined force, and reduce the distance between the center of gravity of the structure and the center of stiffness, in order to reduce the torsion occurring in the structure. Due to the small cross-section of frame members and small lateral stiffness, the overall structural displacement and inter-story displacement are larger under strong seismic action, which is easy to generate seismic damage. In addition, non-structural damage such as infill walls, building decoration and equipment piping are more serious. Therefore, it is mainly applicable to non-seismic areas and buildings with fewer floors. In addition to strengthening the seismic measures of beams, columns and nodes, the seismic design of frame structure also needs to pay attention to the material of infill walls and the connection between infill walls and frames, so as to avoid the damage of infill walls in case of excessive deformation of frames. Frame structure is a flexible structure with horizontal displacement, the larger the total horizontal displacement of the house, the more uncomfortable people feel, and the interstorey displacement will affect the decoration of the building and cracking of the partition wall, thus limiting these two horizontal displacements so that the lateral stiffness of the house should be increased in the design. In the seismic design of the frame structure, the top of the column, the bottom of the column, the end of the beam is prone to cracks.
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