Garden system, residential system and feng shui system

The writings on gardens and geomantic omen in traditional architecture are only found in unofficial history, the official residence, and even less in the folk residence system. The earliest works may have been written by Mr. Liu Dunzhen in A.D. 1950. General situation of housing in China >> OK. The works about gardens and geomantic omen began in the Ming Dynasty, mainly including:>,< < Ten Books of Yangzhai >; < Yuan Ye >>, etc. In the early years of the Republic of China, there were 1937 books written by Mr. Tong Yu <<& lt. Although these are all "unofficial history", they have not weakened their vitality in the inheritance and development of traditional architectural ideas.

China's garden system, residential system and geomantic omen system are of course important "classics" in architectural tradition, but they have long been ignored by China scholars (so-called intellectuals)! On the other hand, the classics of garden system and geomantic omen system, because they are not official books, are not authoritative in circulation and often have low evaluation; Thirdly, the classic of garden system and geomantic omen system were basically written in the era when China's economic center moved south (after Song Dynasty), and most of them were written in the background of "Jiangnan", which inevitably had the color of "Chu culture" and "animism and witchcraft", so they were often rejected by standardized Confucianism, Legalism and even Buddhism (Note 36).

But it is so "exclusive" that the garden system, residential system and feng shui system in traditional architecture can best connect with the traditional way of thinking. Let's briefly analyze the garden system, residential system and feng shui system as follows.

3- 1-2- 1, garden system

Garden system, written in the late Ming Dynasty & gt On the surface, for example, it seems to refer to how to build a garden, which is a "technology" oriented book. In fact, on the one hand,> he advocated from the beginning: "The prosperity of the world is dedicated to the pigeon maker, but I don't know the proverb that three-thirds of the craftsman is seven-thirds of the master." Not a master, but a person who can be a master ... a master, who can be decent, but can't live ... "(calculated by Chen Zhi's note 1994) clearly points out that this is a book about" design ",not a book about craftsman technology; On the other hand, as far as architectural development is concerned, (Jiangnan) gardens are developed together with folk houses, and it is difficult to have a so-called "garden harmony" in design.

The complete division of the house. Therefore, when we analyze the traditional discussion of "garden", the word "garden system" refers to "architectural design idea" rather than craftsman production technology.

In this section,><& lt>, by Mr. Wang Jintang:>, by Mr. Feng << China Garden Architecture >>, by Mr. Yoshikazu Gong << China Jiangnan Famous Garden >> According to books and garden cases in books, the characteristics of traditional garden systems are analyzed as follows:

1. The concept of designer's leading design behavior appears in the proposition of the book & gt: "The prosperity of the world is dedicated to the pigeon maker, and I don't know the proverb that three-thirds of the craftsman and seven-thirds of the master." If you are not the master, you can be the master. Gu Gong lost skillfully, but Lu Yun gained skill. How can he hold an axe? If the craftsmen are just ingenious carvings, exquisite shelving, and one column does not move, what the common people say is true. "(Chen Jicheng note 1994)

It is clearly pointed out that the concept of designer leading design behavior is actually the concept that "design is a profession that transcends physical strength and skills". This concept or viewpoint is not easy to appear in the "building instance system", but it is very clear and strongly formed in the garden system.

Second, the combination of garden design art and landscape painting art The reason why traditional garden design is appreciated is mainly its combination with "leisure life", "nature" and "painting art".

The combination of traditional garden design standards and "retired literati" also has several meanings: 1. Retire from the mountains and travel; 2. Nothing to do, self-cultivation; 3. Literati's interest and pursuit of artistic conception; 4. Wandering between art and literature. This standard has exactly the same context and background as "landscape painting" or "literati painting" in traditional painting. Therefore, the traditional garden design soon entered the "art" situation, and also combined with the art of landscape painting.

Third, the space-oriented planning principle.

Traditional garden design and residential design have long formed a "space-oriented planning principle", especially the garden and residential buildings in southern China. The principle of space-oriented planning means that the artificial environment should be centered on "space" rather than "entity", and the use, organization and feeling of space are the main considerations in design. The factors that affect the use, organization and feeling of space (such as entity, planting, light and shadow, color and texture of materials) are the media of operating space design, and the base is the most important material for operating space design.

In the space-based planning principle, there are basically two concepts and two technologies.

Third, empty thinking means that the formation of "space" is the main purpose of space design and landscape design, but in human civilization, this concept from "empty thinking to application" to concrete realization probably belongs to Jiangnan gardens. In the thinking mode of Jiangnan gardens, the formation of space should not only have the effect of enclosure, but also have a subtle, distinct and far-reaching effect. At the same time, if the cardinal number itself is large, it is not difficult to have a far-reaching impact. In a limited base, the far-reaching effect is technology, and the pursuit of these spatial effects mainly stems from the concept of "space for use".

Third, adjust measures to local conditions.

Adapting to local conditions means that the base is the most important material for operating space design and landscape design. Only by fully understanding the nature of this substance can we properly change the environment. According to the existing characteristics of the base, the main and appropriate strategy for landscape design is to adapt to local conditions.

The first chapter mainly expounds how to judge the principle of adapting to local conditions and the nature of "garden base".

One of the Skills of Landscape Spatial Planning: Flexibility and Complacency

Mr. Wang Jintang in < < China Landscape Design > >:< In this book, the program theory puts forward the program of traditional garden design in China as follows:

Phase/terrain, existing elements, nearby elements

↓↓

Concept/owner's expectation, designer's experience and designer's knowledge.

↓↓

Layout/master plan

↓↓

Scenery/main scene, subordinate scene, borrowing scene, viewing scene and opposite scene.

↓↓

Set Line/View Moving Line, Spatial Sequence

↓↓

Integration/Dot Dyeing of Overall Outline and Structure

The technology of landscape space planning is briefly summarized. At the same time, Mr. Wang Jintang also stressed: "The characteristics of China gardens are that there are laws but no forms, laws are rules, forms are styles ... and forms are shaped by laws. In fact, none of the methods in gardening are fixed. Because the characteristics of China gardens are unpredictable. Gardening, for example, must be adapted to local conditions, and the facies, stones and water are varied and unfathomable. The layout is uncertain, the shape of the mountain is uncertain, and the shape of the pool is uncertain. Even if the building is fixed because of the different environment ... The people who manage the garden only talk about the law, and the people who manage it ponder the possible forms from the law, so that they can have new creations and originality. " (Wang Jintang 199 1 Preface) This passage mainly points out that the most important "technology" in landscape planning and design lies in "flexibility and complacency". Flexibility means: following principles without being limited by them, and calculating the so-called ""

One grid and one column can't move, and ignorant people call it "to point out the importance of" flexibility "in design; Proud means: it is not only in line with the original intention, but also unsatisfactory, and it contains accidents, which is called heavenly help. In traditional garden design, the "designer" should not only draw the style (drawings), but also "supervise the work" at any time, so the so-called "deviant is better, cleverly arranged and refined properly" may be that the designer "accidentally" discovered "desirable" while "deviant is better".

On the other hand, the difference between all arts and engineering lies in maintaining this flexibility and pride, otherwise you will fall into stereotypes and "ignorant people."

Thirdly, the second technology of landscape space planning: site selection, conception and layout.

The second part of landscape spatial planning technology is site selection, conception and layout. Simply put, positioning is to understand the various characteristics inside and outside the base. The idea is to put the master

Understand temperament and taste; Layout is to put the elements of gardening in the base.

, determines the general pattern of the base. The design work in these three stages seems to be orderly.

In fact, there is interaction before and after, as shown in the following figure:

┌——┐← Basic types: woodland, urban land, rural land, rural land,

Type of local base address: hall base address, pavilion base address, gatehouse base address,

└┬┬—— Topography, landform and climate of the base.

Topography, features and landforms near the base,

│││

↓↓│

┌-┐ Adjust measures according to local conditions.

Intention, the temperament and expectation of the master, the formation of mind processing, increase the density of mind.

└┬┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘┘`┘`9

││↑

↓↓│

┌—┴┐ Layout elements: virtual (space, water), real (buildings, mountains, stones,

│ Layout │ Trees,,) and scenery (beautification, borrowing scenery,,)

└┬┬—┘ Three essentials of layout: create the effect of seeing the big from the small within a limited scope.

Turn the square into twists and turns

Using artificial nature to reflect the environment lacking real mountains and rivers.

D, landscape-oriented planning principles

Traditional garden design and residential design have long formed the planning principle of "landscape-oriented"

",especially the gardens and houses in Huze area in southern China. Landscape-oriented planning principle

It means that garden design should be pleasing to the eye, pleasing to the eye and able to express people and things.

(Landscape) can interact and blend into "nature".

And the starting point of this kind of "pleasing to the eye" lies in "viewing the scenery", where there is scenery, there are poems.

Only when there is scenery can there be painting. Therefore, it is very important to deal with the "big scenery" (exterior scenery and other scenery) of mountains and rivers, and it is very important to be medium.

Can deal with the "middle view" of mountains, ponds, pavilions and terraces (the main body of gardens), small enough to deal with stones, water,

Pots, flowers, grass and green (garden details). Planned to> advocate:

Skillful use of gardens is a coincidence. Borrower: Although the garden is different inside and outside, it has scenery.

The distance is infinite, the scenery is beautiful, the sky is soaring, the eyes are everywhere, the vulgarity is the screen, and the precision is the rule.

Take it, regardless of the town, for the sake of scenery, the so-called smart and decent people are also. ″

The borrower refers to the planning principle of "depending on the situation". The so-called "landscape-oriented rule"

There are basically two concepts and two technologies in the planning principle.

First, the transition between Italy and the environment; Organic elasticity

Among the planning principles of traditional garden design, the most important idea is that

On "Transition between Intention and Environment" and "Organic Elasticity"

The transformation of meaning and environment and traditional gardens are affected by the above: 1. Live in seclusion in the mountains and swim in the mountains; 2.

Leisure, self-cultivation; 3. Literati's interest and pursuit of artistic conception; 4. Wandering in art,

Learning literature, the influence of the standard formed by literati gardening. Landscape in China's Painting

As early as Li Sixun and Wang Wei, painting developed the principle of "learning from nature".

It is necessary to learn from nature in the garden, but this kind of learning should naturally conform to cutting nature and swimming.

The realistic limitations of landscape, so landscape designers will naturally think after conception (Note 37).

How to turn the "meaning" in this mind into the "context" in the purpose is the transition between meaning and context.

Therefore, there are many landscapes in the planning principle that depends on the scenery.

Evolutionary principle (borrowing) and many "good scenes" induced by natural landscape

Principles, such as: the principle of blank space, the principle of proportion between reality and reality, the principle of rendering, etc. , the other party

Face, also formed the principle of "the scenery is intentional, the scenery is affectionate", which comes from many famous gardens.

"Famous Scenery" has a special name, which can be clearly seen (Note 38).

Organic elasticity is similar to the principle of "flexibility and pride" mentioned above, but it is used in "landscape".

Ignore it! Only the word "organic" should be interpreted as including "random" and "secret".

D 2。 Clever use of karma

Planning in the book & gt advocates: "Skillful use of gardens, exquisite combination ..."

Because, with the basic potential, the picture is right ... Borrower: Although the garden is different inside and outside, it has scenery.

Then there is no limit to the distance ... "This passage fully explains the original planning based on scenery.

It lies in "skillfully borrowing karma." On the surface, this passage is the law of space.

Planning principles; "Borrowing" is the principle of visual planning. However, in article 6 of>

Jing > special chapter: "There is no way to build a garden, and there is a reason to borrow scenery. Four things are necessary, so why not close eight? ...

Borrowing scenery is the most important thing in forest gardens. Such as: borrow from afar, borrow from neighbors, borrow from others, borrow from others, and borrow in time.

Borrow. However, I am amused by things and feelings, and I look forward to it. It seems that I am interested in writing first. How can I describe it? ″

In this paragraph, it is more fully pointed out that the principle of landscape-based planning lies in "borrowing"

It also lies in "cause" and "time", which complement "Feng Shui".

A system (note 39). Clever borrowing in "Clever Borrowing karma" means that borrowing scenery is not as good as making scenery.

It's better to have a scene than a clever scene, homo habilis. It's better to be clever than to be clever, and it's better to be careless than to be clever. Primary and secondary reasons

It refers to: unintentional coincidence, karma will meet, because that person knows the position very well, is good at combing, and is destined.

Time will meet, space will meet, and "meaning" will meet. In short, they are good at combining.

Different things.

Third, become the art of the scene.

Planning & gt I spent a lot of time introducing "how to make a scene", in short.

The following figure shows the elements of the landscape:

┌ Architectural landscape ┬ Building-gatehouse, hall, study, room, house, museum and building

│ │, Taiwan, pavilion, pavilion, porch, scroll, corridor

Half room

│├ Folding (indoor)-Screen door, dust cover, wind window

│└ Outdoor-doors, windows, walls and floors

│

Landscape elements ┼ Mountain scenery-Garden Mountain, Tangshan Mountain, Loushan Mountain, Pavilion Mountain, Study Mountain and Cave.

│ │ Chishan, Indoor Mountain, Cliff Mountain, Mountain Peak and Rock

│││

││↓

└ Waterscape-Chishan, Shanshi Pool, goldfish bowl, brook, Qushui,

Waterfalls,

The method (technique) of landscaping lies in the combination of these landscaping elements, just the combination.

At the same time, we should pay attention to five points: First, how to undertake the "stage, concept and layout" mentioned above.

; Secondly, the nature of garden elements, and thirdly, the effect of space and landscape.

Usually this part is called "the principle of beauty", such as contrast, virtual reality and separation.

Penetration, shadow, density, hierarchy, etc. (Note 40); Fourth, landscape and axis.

Moving line arrangement; Fifth, the cutting of the scene (frame scene).

Fourth, borrow scenery.

At the same time, it is planned to open a separate chapter in the book, pointing out: "There is no garden."

Ge, it must be four o'clock for a reason. Why not borrow the scenery? The most important thing in a forest garden is to borrow scenery.

Who? Such as: borrowing far, borrowing near, borrowing far, borrowing near, borrowing far, borrowing far, borrowing far and borrowing from time to time ".

The importance of landscape architecture in China. Of course, borrowing scenery is not just about being far away, neighboring, leaning up and leaning down.

Borrowing, timely borrowing these five kinds, are generally "cut" after borrowing scenery, so you can

Being able to follow the trend is like having a well-thought-out plan, but it's just cutting and confusing.

E. Design principles based on creativity

China's gardening thought mentioned above is mainly biased towards the principle of "planning", but China's gardening thought.

There are also "design principles" in the book. The "design principle" of China gardens is "plaything".

In the thinking of traditional Confucian scholars, "playing with things" means losing one's will, and vice versa means retiring from tradition.

In the thinking of Taoist literati, "playing with things" is to promote ambition and cultivate temperament. What plaything pursuit.

It is "visual beauty and artistic conception beauty", which is obviously the main point of garden art.

The scale factor of garden design makes the smaller scale fall into the antique of jade carving.

Or a fake play of fake landscapes; On the other hand, limited by the traditional Confucian literati thinking, I think it is a plaything after all.

You can't do too much, so in>, there is only one chapter, which is from Building Materials.

And "texture" to explain this "creative-oriented design principle". "or ...

The essence of traditional garden design thought lies in the planning and design of "main scenery", and the planning principles are as follows

The above design principles are as follows:

┌ Choose a stone-know the posture and texture of the stone.

Taihu Stone, Kunshan Stone, Yixing Stone, Longtan Stone, Qinglong Stone,

Lingbi stone, inkstone, appropriate stone, hukou stone, pine ice stone, Shi Ying,

Huangshi, Laoshi, Jinchuan, Huashi and Liuhe Stone

│

Main scene/combination/combination of stones-it is best to emphasize the posture and texture of stones in order to form momentum.

Art

│├├├ The combination of water and stone (pavilions, bridges, running water, stepping stones)

││ │

│└ Different viewpoints can present different "features" (scenes).

││

└ paddling-the shape of the swimming pool is better and it has organic flexibility.

Relationship between Garden Design and Traditional Thinking Mode

The thinking mode of landscape design has its homology with the traditional thinking mode, which is largely due to

"Learning from nature", but on the surface, learning from nature is similar to Taoist thought, so we often like it.

Interpretation of traditional garden design thought with Taoist thinking mode. However, if we are serious.

Thinking about the traditional way of thinking and the way of thinking of garden design will find that it is far better than Taoism.

Way of thinking. Generally speaking, it is the garden design that fully shows the traditional sentient world view.

This study briefly summarizes the following points:

First, the sentient world outlook and narrative thinking

The traditional "sentient world outlook" and narrative thinking can be found in chapters 2-4 of this study.

Festival, the sentient world outlook can also be said to be sentient materialism or sentient plaything theory.

. Proud literati can really play with mountains and rivers, retired literati, frustrated literati and degenerate literati.

Scholars can play with mountains and rivers, and how to arrange such mountains and rivers is a traditional garden.

The essence of. Simply put, look at things sentimentally, arrange a dialogue with things, and then express your feelings.

Qi is in the heart, which "arranges dialogue with things (landscapes)" and "expresses the qi in the chest".

It is narrative thinking.

Second, the sentient world outlook and dialectical thinking of heaven, earth and human beings

The dialectical thinking of heaven, earth and human beings is to consider both natural factors and time factors in design.

Vegetarian, more consideration of people's personality (master's temperament and taste); On the other hand, heaven, earth and man are three.

The dialectical thinking of talents also refers to: the interactive relationship between the big scene, the middle scene and the small scene in garden design; three

On the one hand, it also means that the "close view" of the garden is the analogy of the big view, and then Daewoo.

Zhou's metaphor, only in this way, and at the same time look at the "garden" sentimentally, this garden can be.

Can cultivate temperament, nourish qi and nourish ambition. On the other hand, without analogy, the garden is just a plaything.

Just tired!

Third, the sentient world outlook and leisure.

Traditional gardens basically seek peace of mind, which is different from most traditional gardens.

The owner of the "temporarily retired literati" has a lot to do, because the temporarily retired person, its

In order to have leisure, because there is leisure, there is no loss of power, so I still look at everything affectionately, that place.

In order to pursue a kind of "vulgar" escape, so I had the opportunity to indulge in mountains and rivers. Garden design, such as

Without this understanding of the temperament and taste of "master", it is obviously impossible to design "good"

Our garden.

Fourthly, the sentient world outlook and literati and painting.

Traditional garden design is related to the traditional "idle literati" temperament. As mentioned above, the other

Traditional garden design is also related to traditional landscape painting thinking. On the one hand, there are both.

They all look at mountains and rivers with emotion (cosmology), and they are all "close to mountains and rivers" and "borrowing things"

Nourish qi "; On the other hand, both of them are between "true state", "artistic conception" and "false state"

Between the manipulation technology, so China landscape painting will develop into the later "freehand brushwork" painting.

Wind; Gardens in China will also develop a "refined" garden style (Note 4 1).

!

3- 1-2-2, Residential System

It is not easy to clearly describe the characteristics of traditional houses in China, because it is among the people.

Before People's Republic of China (PRC), there were few classics describing folk houses, and there were few references to < < Yuan Ye > > > book and month.

Briefly mention the general system (construction method) of Jiangnan folk houses; On the other hand, "residence" is a physical work.

Products that can be preserved for a long time are obviously much less than those in palaces and temples; Trinity aspect

National houses are colorful and precious, just like the language of China, which is colorful and gradual because of the unity of characters.

First, so languages can be passed down from generation to generation for centuries. Almost all houses in China are made of wood.

Unity, so the folk houses can be handed down from generation to generation, from one hundred years to one thousand years.

This is more appropriate when we understand the traditional thinking mode of "residential" design.

This section is based on Mr. Liu Dunzhen & gt Wang Qijun.

Residential Architecture >> Mr. Lin Huicheng << Taiwan Province Traditional Architecture Manual: Form and Practice >> Yu Yang

Rich < < Technical Manual of Cultural Space of Local Traditional Architecture >; (Note 42), Guan Huashan

Society and culture >> and this series of studies on the folk houses in West Taiwan Province Province in recent seven years,

The characteristics of the traditional living system are analyzed as follows:

A, the traditional residential structure is few and diverse, showing the flexibility of residential design.

If traditional houses are divided according to the main structure, there are only wood structure system and brick structure system.

System, cave arch system and enclosure structure system, in which the pure brick building system is the brick in the temple.

Towers can also be found. In residential buildings, they are mostly mixed wood structure systems, while the cave arch system is visible.

For the further development of brick building system, it is combined with semi-underground structure system, so simply speaking,

There are only two traditional residential structures in China: "wood structure system" and "enclosure structure system"

. But as far as regional characteristics are concerned, it takes many forms, and we can simply start with the structure.

In the combination, this minority and diversity are presented as follows:

┌ Dry Well —— Dry Well Dwellings of Naxi Nationality in Yunnan Province

┌ Cantilever beam-official building or Beijing residence?

Wood structure system zeta

├ Beam style-Yunnan-Guizhou dry-fence style houses and Sichuan dry-fence style houses.

│ (across the bucket) Guangdong bamboo building and diaojiao building in Hunan and Jiangxi mountainous areas

└ Mixed Style —— Cantonese Folk Houses

Wood structure combined with brick structure system-Korean folk houses, northeast folk houses, Zhejiang folk houses,

Keywords Hunan and Jiangxi folk houses, Anhui folk houses, Fujian folk houses,

Folk houses in Taiwan Province Province,

Brick structure combined with wood structure system-Tibetan bunker, Guizhou banlou and Hakka tulou

, Kaiping Diaolou, Guangdong, and an Indian residence in Yunnan.

Taiwan Province aborigines' slate houses

Brick structure system-lack

Arch-Stone Combined Wood Structure System —— Uygur Dwellings

Arch structure system-Shaanxi Grottoes, Shanxi Grottoes, Gansu Grottoes,

Cave dwellings in Henan,

Peripheral structure system-Mongolian yurt

From the above composite structure, it can be clearly seen that the traditional houses in China are made of wood.

The structure combined with brick structure system accounts for a large part, so it is easier to see each

The gradual change of local houses due to the distance between regions is like the first local language in China.

Sample. It is also worth mentioning that if the residential system is composed of a building system and a decoration system.

Distinguish, it is easier to understand this gradual process caused by distance, which is actually "

The infection and influence of "culture" on folk houses, and the influence of local climate and materials on folk houses. all

For example, the characteristics of the houses in Penghu are between those in Taiwan Province Province and those in southern Fujian.

However, the lack of variety and diversity of traditional residential structures also shows that the design of residential buildings is adapted to local conditions.

Flexibility.

Second, the combination of traditional residential groups is small and diverse, which is reflected in residential planning.

visual angle

The combination of traditional residential groups is basically based on the planning and configuration of residential groups.

We can use the concept of "less classes and more kinds" to make such induction and description.

You can also use the mainstream "paradigm" to make such induction and description, as follows:

Siheyuan-sun-shaped courtyard style, deep penetration and expansion (main hall facing south)

Official architecture, Beijing folk houses, Guangdong folk houses, Northeast China

Folk houses, Zhejiang folk houses, Hunan folk houses, Anhui folk houses

Fujian folk houses,,,

│

├ Suneye Courtyard —— Simplification of quadrangles —— Same as above, southern houses

├ Huihui Hakka Tulou

│└—— Wai —— Fujian Hakka Wai Building

│

├ Four Shapes-Protecting Dragons and Expanding Siheyuan and Shanfang

Dwellings in Taiwan Province Province

Four-shape ├ three-in-one quadrangle with mouth shape

├ One-handed Sanhe Garden

└ Rectangular Everywhere —— Dwellings and Garden Buildings in Hilly Areas of the South of the Yangtze River

Yunnan-Guizhou Gan Lan style dwellings

Multi-span houses-houses in high-density areas, houses facing the street, and some one-handed three-in-one courtyards.

Single house-Mongolian yurts, Tibetan blockhouses, some stone houses and some northeast houses

The most common combination of traditional houses can be called "quadrangles"

This quadrangle is characterized in that the seats in the main hall face south, and the halls are usually odd (one,

The hall in the middle of the third, fifth and seventh floors is wider, the second floor and sides are slightly narrower, and the height of the roof is also

The hall is the tallest, with its front, left and right wings facing east and west, and its roof is narrow.

The hall is low. When the house is expanded, go ahead. Every time it is expanded, it will add an inverted concave shape and the roof will gradually increase.

The second lowest; The front of the courtyard is usually surrounded by a square or semi-circular low wall, and the south of the low wall

There is a gatehouse in the east or southeast, and there is usually a semi-circular pool in front of the low wall. court

It is better to have a support barrier on the back.

The description of such quadrangles or three-dimensional quadrangles can usually describe most people in China.

Home is also in line with the popular concept of feng shui. Mr. Guan Huashan and Mr. Lin Huicheng are more folk customs

Let's explain the living concept presented by this quadrangle or three-way courtyard. Think about the type of hospital.

Posture is like a person's body, hands open. This study believes that if such a statement is passed,

It may be more appropriate to explain it with the vulgar "geomantic view" and the folk houses in the south of China.

The hall is the tallest in the room, and it is gradually decreasing, which conforms to the respect and ethics of ancestors in folk customs.

The view of order also conforms to the principle of "backing the mountain" of Feng Shui and the principle of Long Mai situation; Tang Wu Zuobei

Facing south conforms to the principle of stable light reception, sufficient light reception, warm in winter and cool in summer, and also conforms to the surface.

Principles of leadership in the South; In the folk houses in Taiwan Province Province, the two wings are also called the left and right dragon guards, basically

It is the language of feng shui. The prominent thing is called the dragon, and the left front of the main hall is called the left guardian dragon, the main hall.

The right side of the house is called the right dragon protector, which mainly protects the hall, and the embankment surrounded by the yard is basically unique.

The artificial "hole" where wind gathers gas is in place.

In a word, folk houses fully embody the "view of residence" and are subjective assumptions about the real environment.

Wish.

Thirdly, the localization characteristics of traditional folk houses in Taiwan Province Province.

In the residential system of China, the traditional folk houses in Taiwan Province Province have the following characteristics.

What are the characteristics of "protecting dragons and expanding hospitals"? Common research groups today

Type, mostly based on the concept of hometown prototype in immigrant society and the inheritance of residential craftsmen and teachers, and cite the characteristics.

And classification, such as: Hakka dwellings (Guangdong craftsmen), Minnan dwellings (also divided into Zhangzhou

Hometown and Quanzhou hometown, as well as Quanzhou craftsmen, are called Xidi School because they are mainly concentrated in Xidi area.

)。 This study holds that if only a few big houses are used to describe the traditional houses in Taiwan Province Province, perhaps.

This division and feature enumeration are still feasible, but if we look for Taiwan Province from the perspective of "mode"

The characteristics of traditional houses in the bay may not be so simple. This study considers it necessary to describe "Taiwan Province Province".

The characteristics of traditional folk houses in China may be mixed (Note 43) and

Diversified classification can better reflect the "characteristics". This study is briefly described as follows:

Third, the multiple classification of traditional houses in Taiwan Province.

In this study, the multivariate classification of traditional houses in Taiwan Province Province is listed as follows, and this multivariate system diagram.

In line with the classification of any existing housing cases in Taiwan Province Province, it can often be classified into two or three categories.

In more than one classification, taking the residential buildings in Taiwan Province Province as an example, it is almost difficult to find.

A case completely conforms to the characteristics of a single species in a single classification. Tradition of Taiwan Province Province

The ease of multi-classification of folk houses shows that folk houses in Taiwan Province Province are gradually coming out of the shadow of their hometown.

Among the local characteristics, there is also a mixed type or "coexistence transformation" (Note 44)

It is the mainstream type.

Traditional Dwellings in Taiwan Province Province-Classification by Hometown-Zhangzhou Type.

Quanzhou style

Chaozhou style

│└ guests